Managing Commodity Booms--and BustsWorld Bank Publications, 1995 - 22 pages World Bank Discussion Paper No. 314. In 1994, Colombia replaced its state-run, pay-as-you-go pension system with a privately run, fully-funded scheme. This study analyzes prospective fiscal and macroeconomic implications of the reform. It compares the features of the country's old and new pension systems, puts them in a broader international context, and examines the reform transition |
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Page ix
... cocoa , and rubber , for instance ) through international agreements . Only the rubber agreement is still in force — though barely— and its effectiveness is being questioned by some signatories . How to manage a boom Commodity prices ...
... cocoa , and rubber , for instance ) through international agreements . Only the rubber agreement is still in force — though barely— and its effectiveness is being questioned by some signatories . How to manage a boom Commodity prices ...
Page 2
... cocoa and metals . Although the price rises for some commodities have been large , they scarcely compensate for the declines of the past decades . Aluminum prices , for instance , have yet to approach the highs of the mid - 1980s ...
... cocoa and metals . Although the price rises for some commodities have been large , they scarcely compensate for the declines of the past decades . Aluminum prices , for instance , have yet to approach the highs of the mid - 1980s ...
Page 5
... Cocoa prices , which had fallen by 70 percent in real terms from 1984 to 1992 , have increased , too — by 60 percent from mid - 1993 . Cocoa price increases were not due to weather disruptions but to adjustments in demand and supply ...
... Cocoa prices , which had fallen by 70 percent in real terms from 1984 to 1992 , have increased , too — by 60 percent from mid - 1993 . Cocoa price increases were not due to weather disruptions but to adjustments in demand and supply ...
Page 6
... cocoa , coconut oil , coffee , cotton , groundnut oil , palm oil , rubber , and soybean oil — and three metals— aluminum , copper , and nickel — for all low- and middle - income coun- tries ( table 2 ) . Agricultural exports accounted ...
... cocoa , coconut oil , coffee , cotton , groundnut oil , palm oil , rubber , and soybean oil — and three metals— aluminum , copper , and nickel — for all low- and middle - income coun- tries ( table 2 ) . Agricultural exports accounted ...
Page 7
... cocoa ( $ 250 million ) and coffee ( $ 200 million ) . Other coun- tries with large gains in export revenues include Rwanda ( 37 percent ) , Chad ( 28 percent ) , and Tanzania ( 17 percent ) . As a share of GDP , the increase in export ...
... cocoa ( $ 250 million ) and coffee ( $ 200 million ) . Other coun- tries with large gains in export revenues include Rwanda ( 37 percent ) , Chad ( 28 percent ) , and Tanzania ( 17 percent ) . As a share of GDP , the increase in export ...
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Common terms and phrases
agricultural Analysis Unit boom ends BOOM WON'T CONTINUE booming commodity booming sector booms and busts central bank claimants cocoa cocoa prices coffee boom coffee exporters Colombia Commodity boom bonds Commodity Policy commodity-exporting countries copper prices costs Côte d'Ivoire cotton current US dollars developing countries Dutch disease effects export commodity export revenues export taxes external debt farmers financial markets fiscal policies fluctuations foreign exchange inflows foreign reserves government revenues Groundnut oil import restrictions income International Economics Department investment LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE manage booms manage commodity ments Metals and minerals monetary base monetary policies nonbooming oil prices options palm oil percent Policy and Analysis policymakers price declines price rises primary commodity prices private sector problems production programs real exchange rate reduced foreign debt Revenue stabilization funds risk management rubber savings in foreign short-term price Sub-Saharan Africa swaps Tanzania trade windfall gains windfall profit tax windfall revenues windfall tax World Bank
Popular passages
Page 7 - Pacific Europe and Central Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Middle East and North Africa...
Page 20 - In the past, many commodity-exporting countries have entered such agreements in an attempt to stabilize and, in many cases, raise prices. In anything but the short term, none has succeeded. References Adams, Robin G. (Resource Strategies, Inc.). 1995. Interview in The Financial Times, March 31 . Bauer, Peter. 1984. "Remembrance of Studies Past: Retracing First Steps.
Page 13 - The decision whether to vacuum pack or gas flush a consumer package depends on a number of factors. Among the most important are the type of product to be packed and its consistency. "Gas flush is a function of the product to be packaged," offers Tom Taylor, product manager, smoked and processed meat, Cryovac.
Page 21 - Kenya, 1975-81." In Tony Killick, ed., The IMF and Stabilization. London: Heinemann.
Page 15 - On the fiscal side, coffee tax revenues were used to turn a deficit of 5.2 percent of GDP in 1984 into a small surplus in 1986.