APPENDIX. Synopsis of the prohibitory legislation and license laws of the different States, with their history and practical results, compiled by the author from unquestionably reliable sources.* MAINE. STATE PROHIBITION. Settlements began in the territory now constituting the state of Maine, in 1623, but politically it was a part of Massachusetts until 1820, when it became a state. Whatever legislation it had was that of Massachusetts, and the progress of events was similar. While Boston merchants were pushing *For the material contained in this synopsis I am much indebted to Rev. T. A. Goodwin, of Indianapolis, and his "Seventy-six Years' Tussel with the Traffic"; General S. F. Carey, Cincinnati, O.; Samuel D. Hastings, Madison, Wis.; H. F. Chreistberg, of S. C., in "Hand-Book of Prohibition"; W. H. H. Bartram, in "The Voice"; Hon. Wm. Daniel, Baltimore, Md., in "Hand-Book of Prohibition"; John Russell, Michigan, in id; J. Wofford Tucker, Florida, in id; also J. C. Greeley, of same State; R. H. Whitaker, North Carolina, in "Hand Book"; Rumsey Smithson, Virginia, in id; Will C. King, Oregon, in id; Jno. Hipp, Colorado, in id; Hon. Neal Dow, of Portland, Me.; J. S. Hoagland, North Platte, Neb.; E. P. Augur, Middletown, Ct.; Kate L. Penniman and H. B. Quick, St. Paul, Minn. I am also indebted to J. N. Stearnes, Sec'y Nat. Temperance Society, New York; E. J. Morris, Grand Scribe Sons of Temperance, Cincinnati, O.; and Walter I. Crawford, G. W. C. T., of I. O. G. T., N. O., La., for valuable assistance rendered in the collection of materials; and to Mr. A. J. Jutkins, of Chicago, for copies of "The Hand-Book of Prohibition", which has been very serviceable to me in my work. the African trade, sending out rum and bringing back slaves, enterprising citizens of Maine were sending lumber to the West Indies, bringing back some Spanish dollars, and much molasses, which was converted into rum and drank by the people. Accordingly general poverty existed. Outside of the "merchants" (rum-sellers) there were few men of wealth; general coarseness and severe brutality prevailed. Few houses in the country towns were not ornamented with old hats in the place of broken panes. A temperence society was organized in Portland, April 24, 1812, and in Bath the same year. These proposed to discountenance drunkenness. They had no higher aim. To be "sparing and cautious" in the use of liquors was their effort. (See Liquor Problem, Pape 202.) The advance towards total abstinence was similar to that in other portions of the country. The "Washingtonian" movement found a good field in Maine. It was a great awakening; earnest men all over the land had revelations. Among these were Gen. James Appleton of Marblehead, Massachusetts, a member of the Massachusetts legislature. While listening to a debate upon a license bill in that body in 1831, he was suddenly seized with the idea that if, as appeared by the debate, the sale of liquor was so baneful to the public, it should not be licensed at all, but rather forbidden altogether. He advocated this doctrine in the Salem Gazette. In 1833 he removed to Portland, Maine. Here he advocated prohibition, and with such ability and success that he was elected to the Maine legislature in 1837. He presented petitions for prohibition which he secured from his neighbors. These were referred to a "joint select committee," of which he was chairman, and his "Report" was, according to the Maine Temperance Advance of Feb. 12. 1853, "the first announce ment of the prohibitory principle and is the origin of the Maine law. Meantime, in the same city of Portland, there was a young man whose growing interest in the question was destined to bear rich fruit. This was Neal Dow, "whose first public appearance as an advocate of prohibition was in 1839, when he appeared before the Board of Aldermen of his own city to induce them to refer the question of license or no-license to a vote of the citizens." He was then thirty-five, and the next twelve years put him into such relations to the History of Prohibition as to make him, though not the earliest, among the most conspicuous, of its advocates. He vigorously presented the doctrine, traveling in 1846 over 4000 miles in the State addressing the people. The legislature that year was elected on that issue. A prohibitory bill passed the house by a vote of 81 to 42, and the senate by 23 to 5. It was approved by Gov. Anderson, and stands as the first prohibitory law in a christian state. But it was ineffictive; penalties were light. No one knew what it involved to fight the liquor traffic. In 1849 a more stringent bill was passed, but it was vetoed by Gov. Dana. In 1850 Mr. Dow introduced an amended bill containing the "search and seizure" clauses, but it was lost by a tie vote in the senate. The following year Mr. Dow appeared with his bill perfected: it passed by a vote of 86 to 40 in the house, and 18 to 10 in the senate, was signed by Gov. Hubbard, and became a law June 2, 1851. Meanwhile Mr. Dow had been elected mayor of Portland. "All eyes were turned upon Maine to see if she would execute her law. Will the mayor of portland stand firm at his post and do his duty, or will he shrink in fear of mobs and riots? He speedily announced his purpose to execute the law, and gave venders sixty days in which to dispose of their liquors and get out of the business. The mayors of other cit ies issued similar proclamations. On the morning of the 4th of July the mayor of Bangor seized, confiscated and destroyed ten casks of liquor. Mr. Dow, according to promise, issued his search-warrant, seized about two thousand dollars worth of liquors, and publicly destroyed them." In other cities the same promptness and energy were exhibited, great concourses of people witnessing the destruction with respectful silence. It was demonstrated that a prohibitory law could be enforced. On the 15th of January, 1852, seven months after the enactment of the law, the Mayor of Portland sent a Message to the city council, in which he said: "The number of persons who continue to sell strong drinks in the city is now very small. They are almost all foreigners, and sell with great secrecy and caution. An open rum-shop or bar of any kind is entirely unknown. A barrel, keg, or other vessel of liquors is not to be seen in the city at all, except at the city agency.* The law has executed its mission with more ease, certainty, and dispatch than was anticipated by its most ardent friends-it has been most triumphantly successful. I think it not an exageration to say that the quantity of intoxicating liquors now sold in the city, except by the city agent, is not one fiftieth part so great as it was seven months ago, and the salutary effects of this great improvement are apparent among the people in all parts of the city." The dominant party up to this time had been democratic. But parties were disintegrating. The slavery issue was splitting them. All parties furnished votes for and against the prohibitory law, and this new issue began to gather a party. The "rum" element of the democratic party opposed the reelection of Gov. Hubbard and with whig sympathizers cast 21,774 votes for an "anti-Maine law" candidate. Wm. G. Crosby, whig, was elected governor by the Legislature, there * Where liquors are sold by appointment of law for medical and mechanical purposes and the arts only. being no choice by the people. The next year, 1853, "the anti-Maine law" wing of the democracy controlled the democratic State convention and nominated Pilsbury, (anti-prohibitionist) for Governor. The temperance Democrats bolted and nominated Anson P. Morrill, In the election Pillsbury had 36, 386 votes, Morrill 11,027, Crosby (whig) 27,061, and Holmes (free soil) 8,996. The Legislature elected Crosby again. In 1854 the temperance democrats, whigs and freesoilers united, formed the nucleus of the Republican party, which declared for prohibition and free soil and gave Morrill 44,565 votes. The democratic candidate had 28,462, the whig 14,001, scattering 3,478. There being no choice by the people the Republican Legislature elected Morrill. In 1855 the various elements which had enacted the Maine Law in 1851 and had elected Morrill, the year before, met as the Republican party, declared for prohibition and free soil and renominated Morrill. The Democrats nominated Wells, declared against prohibition and made this their most promiment issue in the campaign. The vote stood, Morrill 51,441, Wells 48,341, Reed (whig) 14,001. The Democratic Legislature elected Wells governor, repealed the prohibitory law, and enacted a license law. In the election of 1856 the Republicans won. In accordance with the judgment of many prohibitionists who thought their cause could stand better if the people could have a chance to see the full working of license, no action was taken on the subject till after the election of 1857. At the session of the Legislature in 1858 the Republicans repealed the license law and re-enacted the prohibitory law, submitting the law for the popular verdict. It was ratified by the people with a majority of 22,952. Thus early was the timidity and time-serving of politicians apparent, and the loyalty of the masses to prohibition demonstrated. Since 1858 no attempt has been made to repeal the Prohibitory Law. The politicians have had no love for it, but |