(3) attain the widest range of beneficial uses of the environment without degradation, risk to health or safety, or other undesirable and unintended consequences;

(4) preserve important historic, cultural, and natural aspects of our national heritage, and maintain, wherever possible, an environment which supports diversity and variety of individual choice;

(5) achieve a balance between population and resource use which will permit high standards of living and a wide sharing of life's amenities; and

(6) enhance the quality of renewable resources and approach the maximum attainable recycling of depletable resources. (c) The Congress recognizes that each person should enjoy a healthful environment and that each person has a responsibility to contribute to the preservation and enhancement of the environment.

SEC. 102. The Congress authorizes and directs that, to the fullest extent possible: (1) the policies, regulations, and public laws of the United States shall be interpreted and administered in accordance with the policies set forth in this Act, and (2) all agencies of the Federal Government shall

(A) utilize a systematic, interdisciplinary approach which will insure the integrated use of the natural and social sciences and the environmental design arts in planning and in decisionmaking which may have an impact on man's environment;

(B) identify and develop methods and procedures, in consultation with the Council on Environmental Quality established by title II of this Act, which will insure that presently unquantified environmental amenities and values may be given appropriate consideration in decisionmaking along with economic and technical considerations;

(C) include in every recommendation or report on proposals for legislation and other major Federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment, a detailed statement by the responsible official on→→→

(i) the environmental impact of the proposed action, (ii) any adverse environmental effects which cannot be avoided should the proposal be implemented,

(iii) alternatives to the proposed action,

(iv) the relationship between local short-term uses of man's environment and the maintenance and enhancement of longterm productivity, and

(v) any irreversible and irretrievable commitments of resources which would be involved in the proposed action should it be implemented.

Prior to making any detailed statement, the responsible Federal official shall consult with and obtain the comments of any Federal agency which has jurisdiction by law or special expertise with respect to any environmental impact involved. Copies of such statement and the comments and views of the appropriate Federal, State, and local agencies, which are authorized to develop and enforce environmental standards, shall be made available to the President, the Council on Environmental Quality and to the public as provided by section 552 of title 5, United States Code,

and shall accompany the proposal through the existing agency review processes;

(D) study, develop, and describe appropriate alternatives to recommended courses of action in any proposal which involves unresolved conflicts concerning alternative uses of available resources;

(E) recognize the worldwide and long-range character of environmental problems and, where consistent with the foreign policy of the United States, lend appropriate support to initiatives, resolutions, and programs designed to maximize international cooperation in anticipating and preventing a decline in the quality of mankind's world environment;

(F) make available to States, counties, municipalities, institutions, and individuals, advice and information useful in restoring, maintaining, and enhancing the quality of the environment;

(G) initiate and utilize ecological information in the planning and development of resource-oriented projects; and

(H) assist the Council on Environmental Quality established by title II of this Act.

SEC. 103. All agencies of the Federal Government shall review their present statutory authority, administrative regulations, and current policies and procedures for the purpose of determining whether there are any deficiencies or inconsistencies therein which prohibit full compliance with the purposes and provisions of this Act and shall propose to the President not later than July 1, 1971, such measures as may be necessary to bring their authority and policies into conformity with the intent, purposes, and procedures set forth in this Act.

SEC. 104. Nothing in Section 102 or 103 shall in any way affect the specific statutory obligations of any Federal agency (1) to comply with criteria or standards of environmental quality, (2) to coordinate or consult with any other Federal or State agency, or (3) to act, or refrain from acting contingent upon the recommendations or certification of any other Federal or State agency.

SEC. 105. The policies and goals set forth in this Act are supplementary to those set forth in existing authorizations of Federal agencies.

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EXCERPT FROM PUBLIC LAW 91-224, THE WATER QUALITY

SEC. 103. * * *

IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 1970

"COOPERATION BY ALL FEDERAL AGENCIES IN THE CONTROL OF POLLUTION

"SEC. 21. (a) Each Federal agency (which term is used in this section includes Federal departments, agencies, and instrumentalities) having jurisdiction over any real property or facility, or engaged in any Federal public works activity of any kind, shall, consistent with the paramount interest of the United States as determined by the President, insure compliance with applicable water quality standards and the purposes of this Act in the administration of such property, facility, or activity. In his summary of any conference pursuant to section 10 (d) (4) of this Act, the Secretary shall include references to any discharges allegedly contributing to pollution from any such Federal property, facility, or activity, and shall transmit a copy of such summary to the head of the Federal agency having jurisdiction of such property, facility, or activity. Notice of any hearing pursuant to section 10(f) of this Act involving any pollution alleged to be effected by any such discharges shall also be given to the Federal agency having jurisdiction over the property, facility, or activity involved, and the findings and recommendations of the hearing board conducting such hearing shall include references to any such discharges which are contributing to the pollution found by such board.

(b) (1) Any applicant for a Federal license or permit to conduct any activity including, but not limited to, the construction or operation of facilities, which may result in any discharge into the navigable waters of the United States, shall provide the licensing or permitting agency a certification from the State in which the discharge originates or will originate, or, if appropriate, from the interstate water pollution control agency having jurisdiction over the navigable waters at the point where the discharge originates or will originate, that there is reasonable assurance, as determined by the State or interstate agency such such activity will be conducted in a manner which will not violate applicable water quality standards. Such State or interstate agency shall establish procedures for public notice in the case of all applications for certification by it, and to the extent it deems appropriate, procedures for public hearings in connection with specific applications. In any case where such standards have been promulgated by the Secretary pursuant to section 10(c) of this Act, or where a State or interstate agency has no authority to give such a certification, such certification shall be from the Secretary. If the State, interstate agency, or Secretary, as the case may be, fails or refuses to act on a request for certification, within a reasonable period

of time (which shall not exceed one year) after receipt of such request, the certification requirements of this subsection shall be waived with respect to such Federal application. No license or permit shall be granted until the certification required by this section has been obtained or has been waived as provided in the preceding sentence. No license or permit shall be granted if certification has been denied by the State, interstate agency, or the Secretary, as the case may be.

"(2) Upon receipt of such application and certification the licensing or permitting agency shall immediately notify the Secretary of such application and certification. Whenever such a discharge may affect, as determined by the Secretary, the quality of the waters of any other State, the Secretary within thirty days of the date of notice of application for such Federal license or permit shall so notify such other State, the licensing permitting agency, and the applicant. If, within sixty days after receipt of such notification, such other State determines that such discharge will affect the quality of its waters so as to violate its water quality standards, and within such sixty day period notifies the Secretary and the licensing or permitting agency in writing of its objection to the issuance of such license or permit and requests a public hearing on such objection, the licensing or permitting agency shall hold such a hearing. The Secretary shall at such hearing submit his evaluation and recommendations with respect to any such objection to the licensing or permitting agency. Such agency, based upon the recommendations of such State, the Secretary, and upon any additional evidence, if any, presented to the agency at the hearing, shall condition such license or permit in such manner as may be necessary to insure compliance with applicable water quality standards. If the imposition of conditions cannot insure such compliance such agency shall not issue such license or permit.

"(3) The certification obtained pursuant to paragraph (1) of this subsection with respect to the construction of any facility shall fulfill the requirements of this subsection with respect to certification in connection with any other Federal license or permit required for the operation of such facility unless, after notice to the certifying State, agency, or Secretary, as the case may be, which shall be given by the Federal agency to whom application is made for such operating license or permit, the State, or if appropriate, the interstate agency or the Secretary, notifies such agency within sixty days after receipt of such notice that there is no longer reasonable assurance that there will be compliance with applicable water quality standards because of changes since the construction license or permit certification was issued in (A) the construction or operation of the facility, (B) the characteristics of the waters into which such discharge is made, or (C) the water quality standards applicable to such waters. This paragraph shall be inapplicable in any case where the applicant for such operating license or permit has failed to provide the certifying State, or if appropriate, the interstate agency or the Secretary, with notice of any proposed changes in the construction or operation of the facility with respect to which a construction license or permit has been granted which changes may result in violation of applicable water quality standards.

"(4) Prior to the initial operation any federally licensed or permitted facility or activity which may result in any discharge into the navigable waters of the United States and with respect to which a

certification has been obtained pursuant to paragraph (1) of this subsection, which facility or activity is not subject to a Federal operating license or permit, the licensee or permittee shall provide an opportunity for such certifying State or, if appropriate, the interstate agency or the Secretary to review the manner in which the facility or activity shall be operated or conducted for the purposes of assuring that applicable water quality standards will not be violated. Upon notification by the certifying State or, if appropriate, the interstate agency or the Secretary that the operation of any such federally licensed or permitted facility or activity will violate applicable water quality standards, such Federal agency may, after public hearing, suspend such license or permit. If such license or permit is suspended, it shall remain suspended until notification is received from the certifying State, agency, or Secretary, as the case may be, that there is reasonable assurance that such facility or activity will not violate applicable water quality standards.

"(5) Any Federal license or permit with respect to which a certification has been obtained under paragraph (1) of this subsection may be suspended of revoked by the Federal agency issuing such license or permit upon the entering of a judgment under section 10(h) of this Act that such facility or activity has been operated in violation of applicable water quality standards.

"(6) No Federal agency shall be deemed to be an applicant for the purposes of this subsection.

"(7) In any case where actual construction of facility has been lawfully commenced prior to the date of enactment of the Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970, no certification shall be required under this subsection for a license or permit issued after the date of enactment of such Act of 1970 to operate such facility, except that any such license or permit issued without certification shall terminate at the end of the three-year period beginning on the date of enactment of such Act of 1970 unless prior to such termination date the person having such license or permit submits to the Federal agency which issued such license or permit a certification and otherwise meets the requirements of this subsection.

"(8) Except as provided in paragraph (7), any application for a license or permit (A) that is pending on the date of enactment of the Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970 and (B) that is issued within one year following such date of enactment shall not require certification pursuant to this subsection for one year following the issuance of such license or permit, except that any such license or permit issued shall terminate at the end of one year unless prior to that time the licensee or permittee submits to the Federal agency that issued such license or permit a certification and otherwise meets the requirements of this subsection.

"(9) (A) In the case of any activity which will affect water quality but for which there are no applicable water quality standards, no certification shall be required under this subsection, except that the licensing or permitting agency shall impose, as a condition of any license or permit, a requirement that the licensee or permittee shall comply with the purposes of this Act.