STATE. A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or
other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in
another State, shall, on demand of the executive authority
of the State from which he fled, be delivered up to be re-
moved to the State having jurisdiction of the crime....
STATE. No person held to service or labor in one State, under the
laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence
of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such
service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the
party to whom such service or labor may be due........
(See Fugitives-Escape.)

STATE. The Congress snall have power to dispose of, and make
all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory
or other property belonging to the United States; and
nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to
prejudice any claim of the United States, or of any par-
ticular State...

STATE. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion, and, on application of the legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature cannot be convened), against domestic violence.

State defined, n. 233, p. 242.

STATE No State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate.

STATE. The judges in every State shall be bound by the Constitution, laws, and treaties of the United States, any thing in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding....

STATE legislatures. The members of the several State legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution....

(See Oath, n. 242.)

STATE. A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed Amendments

STATE. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed; which district shall have been previously ascertained by law. Amendments.

STATE. In choosing the President (by the House of Representatives), the vote shall be taken by States, the representatives from each State having one vote: a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from twothirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. Amendments..

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STATE. The electors shall meet in their respective States and
vote, by ballot, for President and Vice-President, one of
whom at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same
State with themselves. Amendments.
STATES. Declared free and independent, p. 6. Articles of per-
petual union between, pp. 8-9. Each retained its sove-
reignty, Art. I. p. 9. Entered into a firm league, Art.
III p. 9. The rights of the people of the different States,
Art. IV. p. 10. Rendition and records, Id. To choose
delegates, Art. V. p. 10. Inhibitions upon, Art. VI. p. 12.
To supply a common treasury, Art. VIII. p. 13.
STATES. Representatives in Congress to be chosen every two
years by the people of the States...

STATES.

The people defined and discussed, n. 16. The qualifica-
tions of voters in each, alphabetically arranged, n. 17.
Representatives and direct taxes to be apportioned
among the several States according to their respective
numbers

STATES entitled to representatives in the first Congress were:
New Hampshire, 3; Massachusetts, 8; Rhode Island and

5

Providence Plantations, 1; Connecticut, 5; New York, 6;
New Jersey, 4; Pennsylvania, 8; Delaware, 1; Maryland,
6; Virginia, 10; North Carolina, 5; South Carolina, 5;
Georgia, 3. Whole number, 65...

STATES. Congress shall have power to regulate commerce among
the several States and with the Indian tribes..........

(See Commerce.)

STATES. Congress shall have power to provide for organizing,
arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing
such part of them as may be employed in the service of
the United States, reserving to the States respectively the
appointment of the officers, and the authority of training
the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Con-
gress....
STATES. Congress shall have power to exercise exclusive legisla-
tion in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not exceed-
ing ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular
States and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of
the government of the United States; and to exercise like
authority over all places purchased by the consent of the
legislature of the State in which the same shall be, for the
erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other
needful buildings.

The District was ceded by Virginia and Maryland, n. 187.
(See District of Columbia)

STATES. The migration or importation of such persons as any of
the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall
not be prohibited by Congress prior to the year 1808, but a
tax or duty may be imposed on such importation not ex-
ceeding ten dollars for each person...........

STATES. The President shall not receive, during the time for
which he shall have been elected, any emolument from
any of the States..

STATES. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the
militia of the several States when called into the actual
service of the United States....

STATES. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this
Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected
within the jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State
be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts
of States, without the consent of the legislatures of the
States concerned, as well as of the Congress..

(See New States, notes 229, 230.) For a list of the new
States, with dates of admission, see note 230.

STATES. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall
deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Con-
stitution, or, on the applications of the legislatures of two-
thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for
proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be
valid to all intents and purposes as part of this Constitu-
tion, when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of
the several States, or by conventions in three-fourths
thereof..

(See Amendments, notes 236, 244, 274, 275–286.)
STATES. The ratification of the conventions of nine States shall
be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution
between the States so ratifying the same.

(See Ratification, n. 243.)

STATES. The Constitution adopted in convention by the unani-
mous consent of the deputies from all the States present,
the 17th day of September, A. D. 1787, and of the Inde-
pendence of the United States of America the twelfth;
the following States being represented:-New Hamp
shire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Caro-
lina, South Carolina, Georgia.

STATES. The powers not delegated to the United States by the
Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are re-

served to the States, respectively, or to the people.
Amendments...

See this power discussed, n. 269.

STATES. The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit, in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. Amendments.

STATES. The thirteenth amendment trenches directly upon the
powers of the States and people, n. 274, p. 273. It has
done what the several States only could have one, n. 274,
p. 276.

STOCKTON, JOHN P., of New Jersey. Ousted from his seat in the
Senate because of the mode of election, n. 29, p. 75.
STOCKTON, RICHARD, of New Jersey. Signed the Declaration of
Independence, p. 7.

STONE, THOMAS, of Maryland. Signed the Declaration of Inde-
pendence, p. 7.

SUBJECTS. The judicial power shall extend to all cases between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens, or subjects...

(See Judicial Power, n. 205α.) SUBJECTS of any foreign State. The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States, by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. Amendments.. See this amendment explained, notes 205a, 271. SUFFRAGE. No State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate... SUITS. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved; and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States than according to the rules of the common law. Amendments..

See notes 263, 265.

SUITS. The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit, in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. Amendments.....

This article defined and discussed, n. 270.

SUNDAYS excepted. Ten days allowed the President to return a bill, resolution, &c...........

There must be ten entire days, n. 69. SUPPORT the Constitution. The senators

The senators and representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several State legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution, &c... And to swear allegiance to the government, &c. (see Test Oath), n. 242. Congress has the right to superadd to the oath, Id.

SUPREME COURT. Congress shall have power to constitute tribunals

inferior to the Supreme Court...

SUPREME COURT, (See Appointment of Judges of, &c.).... SUPREME COURT. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office...

Supreme Court defined, n. 195, p. 190. It has original jurisdiction in but two classes of cases, Id.

SUPREME COURT. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other publie

3

ministers, and consuls, and those in which a State shall be
a party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction.
In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme
Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and
fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations, as
the Congress shall make.

Its original jurisdiction is exclusive, n. 219. Original
jurisdiction defined and discussed, n. 219, p. 205. Appel-
late jurisdiction defined, n. 211. It can only be conferred
by Congress, n. 211, p. 207.
SUPREME law of the land. (See Constitution-Laws-Treaties.)
SWAYNE, NOAH H. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court,
n. 197.

TANEY, ROGER B. Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court, n. 197,
p. 192.

TAX. A tax or duty on imported persons (slaves) might have
been imposed up to 1808...

TAX. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in
proportion to the census or enumeration herein before
directed to be taken....

TAX. No amendment made prior to 1808, shall in any manner
affect the 1st and 4th clauses of the 9th section.
TAX. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any
State...

TAXED. Indians not taxed excluded from representative numbers.
Also by Article XIV. n. 275.

TAXES, direct, defined, notes 22, 144. How apportioned, notes 93,
94. Taxes defined, n. 72. The power to lay, n. 73.

TAXES. Representative and direct taxes to be apportioned among
the States according to their respective numbers..........
Direct taxes, see n. 22.

TAXES. Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes.......
Taxes under this power defined and discussed, notes 72,
73. It is co-extensive with the territory of the United
States, n. 73.

TAYLOR, GEORGE, of Pennsylvania. Signed Declaration of Inde-
pendence, p. 7.

TAYLOR, JOHN W.

n. 26.

Speaker of the House of Representatives,

TAYLOR, ZACHARY. President of the United States, n. 166.
TAZEWELL, HENRY. President of the Senate, pro témpore, n. 38,
p. 78.

TAZEWELL, LITTLETON W. President of the Senate, pro tempore,
n. 38, p. 80.

TELFAIR, EDWARD, of Georgia. Signed the Articles of Confed-
eration, p. 21.

TENDER. NO State shall make any thing but gold and silver coin a
tender in payment of debts..

Remarks upon this clause, n. 152. Congress may make
other things than gold and silver a legal tender, notes 88,
84, 97, 98, 99, 100, 155. (See Legal Tender.)

TENURE of office. Of military officers in time of peace, n. 184, p. 179.
Persons holding civil offices, how removed, Id. With the
exception of secretaries, n. 184, p. 179, § 1. Power of the
President to suspend during the recess of the Senate, Id. § 2.
President to designate some person to perform the duties,
Id. If the Senate refuse to concur, Id. The President may
revoke the suspension, Id. p. 180. The President's power to
fill vacancies during the recess, Id. § 3. And if not con-
firmed, office to remain in abeyance, Id. Tenure not to be
extended beyond the term limited by law, n. 184, p. 180,
§ 4. Penalty for accepting office contrary to law, Id., § 5.
Penalty for removal or employment contrary to law, Id.
§ 6. Fine and imprisonment, Id. Duty of the secretary
of the Senate to furnish lists of the rejected, to whom, Id.
§ 7. Duty of the President to communicate information
of appointment, n. 184, p. 181, § 8. No payment to persons
17*

appointed contrary to the act, Id. 9. All vouchers and
payments forbidden under penalty, Id.

TERM of citizenship as qualification for a representative in Con-
gress-seven years....

TERM of years. Representative numbers include those persons
bound to service for a term of years..

TERM of election of representatives in Congress-to be chosen
every two years

TERM of ten years. The census shall be taken within every term
of ten years subsequent to the first...

22,56

TERM of office of senators in Congress-to be chosen for six years.
TERM of citizenship as qualification for a senator in Congress-nine
years..

...

TERM of office. The President shall hold his office during the
term of four years, and the Vice-President chosen for the
same term.
TERRITORIES. The organized and inchoate States, n. 231, pp. 239,
240. Not States within the meaning of the judicial power
and the judiciary act, n. 206, p. 201. Offenses in the or-
ganized Territories, tried therein, n. 214. Acts of authen-
tication extended to, n. 219, p. 222, § 2. The act is con-
stitutional, Id. The Territories are States as to fugitive
slaves, n. 227, p. 233. States carved out of Territories,
n. 230. They are States within the guaranty of a repub-
lican form of government, n. 233, p. 242. Their judges are
not constitutional, but removable, n. 197. The same duties
must be paid in all the States and Territories, n. 81. Ab-
surdities in relation to, notes 231, 285.

TERRITORY. Congress shall exercise exclusive legislation over all
places (or territory) acquired for public purposes by ces-
sion of particular States..

(See District of Columbia, n. 137.)

TERRITORY. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and
make all needful rules and regulations respecting the ter-
ritory or other property belonging to the United States...
Territory critically defined, n. 231, p. 238. Applies only
to property held at the time, Id. Not to future ac-
quisitions, Id. p. 230. Congress may punish for offenses
within the, notes 91, 230. The Indian country remains a
part of the, n. 231, p. 230. The doctrine of power as to,
Id. p. 240. Powers denied, Id. The Confederate
States Constitution as to, n. 231, pp. 240, 241, § 2, 3. "And
other property defined" and discussed, n. 232. Of Louisi-
ana, Florida, California, New Mexico, as to their inhabitants,
n. 220, pp. 233, 234, § 3-7. The States possess the power
to forbid the introduction of certain persons into their
territory, n. 221, p. 225. Opposite views as to the power
over slavery in the "common territory," n. 222, p. 229.
The power to levy taxes is co-extensive with the territory
of the United States, n. 73.

TEST. No religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to
any office or public trust under the United States.....
In what sense this was used, n. 242, p. 251.

TEST oath required by the act of 1862, n. 242, p. 251. Held un-
constitutional as to certain attorneys, notes 142, 143, 242.
TESTIMONY. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the
testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on
confession in open court

(See Treason, n. 213.)

THINGS. No warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, sup-
ported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing
the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be
seized. Amendments.

THOMPSON, SMITH. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court,

n. 197, p. 193.

THREE-FIFTHS of all other persons (slaves) included in representa-
tive numbers...

That is, two-fifths of the slaves were excluded, n. 24, p. 68.