LAW. The senators and representatives shall receive a compen-
sation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and
paid out of the treasury of the United States..
LAW. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Repre-
sentatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a law, be
presented to the President of the United States; if he
approve, he shall sign it, but if not, he shall return it with
his objections to that house in which it shall have origi-
nated, who shall enter the objections at large on their
journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such recon-
sideration, two-thirds of that house shall agree to pass the
bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the
other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered,
and if approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall be-
come a law.

When laws take effect, n. 96. Cannot go behind the
written law, n. 96.
LAW. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within
ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been pre-
sented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as
if he had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjourn-
ment, prevent its return; in which case it shall not be a
law.

LAW. Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of
the Senate and House of Representatives may be neces-
sary (except on a question of adjournment), shall be pre-
sented to the President of the United States; and before
the same shall take effect shall be approved by him, or
being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds
of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to
the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill ..
When a joint resolution becomes law, n. 70.

LAW of nations. Congress shall have power to define and punish
piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and
offenses against the law of nations..

Offenses

Many offenses against, not crimes, n. 115.
against must be punished, how, Id. Defined and dis-
cussed, n. 116.

LAW. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be
passed...

(See Attainder, n. 142) Ex post facto law defined and
discussed, notes 143, 156.

LAW. No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in conse-
quence of appropriations made by law..

LAW. No State shall pass any ex post facto law.

31, 151
31, 152

Ex post facto law defined, n. 156.
LAW. No State shall pass any law impairing the obligation of
contracts...

(See Contracts, n. 157.) What laws enter into the con-
tract, n. 157, pp. 155, 156. The law must not so change the
remedy as to impair the contract, n. 157. A law repealing
a bank charter does not impair. A bridge charter is a con-
tract, n. 157. Because a law is retrospective merely, does
not impair, n. 158. Exemption laws do impair, n. 159.
Stay laws may, n. 160. Laws which affect the remedy
merely do not, n. 161.

LAW. In case of the removal, death. resignation or inability,
of both President and Vice-President, Congress shall
by law declare what officer shall then act as Presi-
dent

...

The law of Congress for supplying vacancies, n. 172.
LAW. The President shall have power, by and with the advice
and consent of the Senate, to appoint officers not provided
for in the Constitution, and whose offices shall be estab-
lished by law; but the Congress may, by law, vest the
appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper
in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the
heads of departments..

2 1 5 34, 169

2 2 2 35,174

This whole power defined and discussed, notes 178-184.
The tenure of office bill regulating, n. 184, p. 179.
Law and equity. The judicial power shall extend to all cases in
law and equity arising under this Constitution, the laws
of the United States, and the treaties made, or which

shall be made, under their authority, &c. (See Judicial §

Power.)

(See Judicial Power) When cases arise, n. 199, p.
195. Cases in equity, n. 200. (See Case.)

LAW and fact. The Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdic-
tion, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and
under such regulations, as the Congress shall make...

(See

Appellate-Jurisdiction-Judicial

Power.)

The jurisdiction must be conferred by law, n. 211. The
judiciary laws on the subject. Id.

LAW. When crimes shall not have been committed within any
State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Con-
gress may by law have directed..

The rule on the subject, n. 214.

LAW. No person held to service or labor in one State, under the
laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence
of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such
service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the
party to whom such service or labor may be due.
(See Fugitives-Labor-Slaves.)
This secured the
right of the slaveholder against State legislation, n. 227.
LAW. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which
shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made,
or which shall be made, under the authority of the United
States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the
judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any thing in
the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary not-
withstanding..

Law defined, n. 239. It is in its nature supreme, n 238.
The laws of Congress are exclusive, n. 239. President
Johnson's notion as to unconstitutional, n. 239. Supreme
law defined, n. 240.

LAW. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of
religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridg-
ing the freedom of speech or of the press; or the right of
the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the goy-
ernment for a redress of grievances. Amendments
This article defined and discussed. (See Establishment,
n. 245.)

LAW. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any
house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of
war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. Amend-
ments...

(See House, n. 250.)

LAW. Nor shall any person be deprived of life, liberty, or property,
without due process of law. Amendments.

Due process of law defined, derived, and discussed, n.
257. (See Due Process of Law.)

LAW. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy tho
right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of
the State and district wherein the crime shall have been
committed; which district shall have been previously
ascertained by law. Amendments....

LAW. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy
shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall
be preserved; and no fact tried by a jury shall be other-
wise re-examined in any court of the United States than
according to the rules of the common law. Amendments.
Common law is here used in contradistinction to equity,
n. 263. Not of any particular State, n. 263. (See Common
Law-Jury.)

LAW or equity. The judicial power of the United States shall not
be construed to extend to any suit, in law or equity, com-

menced or prosecuted against one of the United States by
citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any
foreign State. Amendments....

(See this article explained and discussed, notes 263, 264,
265.)
LAWRENCE, JOIN. Presiding officer of the Senate, n. 38, p. 78...
LAWS Congress shall have power to establish an uniforin rule of
naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bank-
ruptcies, throughout the United States...

The laws of naturalization discussed, n. 93. (See Alle-
giance-Citizen-Bankruptcy.) Bankrupt defined, n.
94. Bankruptcy defined, n. 95. When the States havo
authority to pass bankrupt laws, n. 96.

LAWS of the Union. Congress shall have power to provide for
calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union,
suppress insurrections, and repel invasions...

Laws of the Union defined, n. 131.

LAWS. Congress shall have power to make all laws which shall
be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the
foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this
Constitution in the government of the United States, or in
any department or office thereof.........

This clause defined and discussed, notes 138, 274. Con-
gress has all the incidental and instrumental powers neces-
sary, n. 133, p. 139.

LAWS. No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay
any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what
may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection
laws..

(See Inspection.)

LAWS. All such State laws shall be subject to the revision and

...

LAWS. The President shall take care that the laws be faithfully

control of the Congress

executed..

2

LAWS of the United States. The judicial power shall extend to all
cases in law and equity..

LAY and collect duties. Congress shall have power to lay and col-
duties, taxes, imposts, and excises.

87, 191

(See

Duties-Taxes-Imposts-Excises.)

LEE, FRANCIS LIGHTFOOT, of Virginia. Signed Declaration of Inde-
pendence, p. 8; and Articles of Confederation, p. 21.
LEE, RICHARD HENRY, of Virginia. Signed Declaration of Inde-
pendence, p. 7. Signed Articles of Confederation, p. 21.
LEGISLATION, exclusive. Congress shall have power to exercise
exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such
district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession
of particular States and the acceptance of Congress, be-
come the seat of government of the United States, and to
exercise like authority over all places purchased by the
consent of the legislature of the State in which the same
shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals,
dock-yards, and other needful buildings

Character of this legislation and jurisdiction, notes 136,

137.
LEGISLATURE Electors of representatives in Congress shall have
qualifications same as for electors of most numerous
branch of the State legislature..

The qualifications for, in each State, alphabetically ar-
ranged, n. 16, pp. 59–64.

LEGISLATURE the, of each State shall choose two senators for six

years.

The practice and now the law, notes 28, 29, 30.
LEGISLATURE. If vacancies happen by resignation or otherwise in
the seats of senators, during the recess of the legislature
of any State, the excutive thereof may make temporary
appointments to fill such vacancies, until the next meet-
of the legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies....
Seats how vacated, n. 32.

LEGISLATURE. The times, places, and manner of holding elections
for senators and representatives shall be prescribed in
each State by the legislature thereof; but the Congress
may, at any time, by law, make or alter such regulations,
except as to the places of choosing senators.

The law upon the subject, n. 30.

..

LEGISLATURE. The United States shall, on the application of the
legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature
cannot be convened, protect each State against domestic
violence...

Disqualification for having taken an oath as member
of. (See Offices.) Amendments...

How far the disqualification extended under the recon-
struction laws, n. 281.

LEGISLATURE. Must direct the mode of ascertaining compensa-

tion for private property, n. 259.

LEGISLATURES of States. Congress shall exercise exclusive legis-
lation over all places purchased by the consent of the
legislature of the State in which the same shall be, for
the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and
other needful buildings

This is not as a local legislature, but as the legislature
of the Union, n. 137. The exclusive jurisdiction can only
be acquired by the consent of the State, n. 137. And
when given they cannot tax these lands, n. 137.
LEGISLATURES of States may direct the manner of appointing
electors of President and Vice-President of the United
States...

They are now elected by the people, n. 167.
LEGISLATURES of States. No new State shall be formed within
another State, nor any State be formed by the junction of
two or more States, without the consent of the legis-
latures of the States concerned and of Congress.
How States may, and how Virginia did consent, n. 235.
LEGISLATURES. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both
houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amend-
ments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the
legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call
a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either
case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of
this Constitution, when ratified by the legislatures of
three-fourths of the several States, or by conventions in
three-fourths thereof, as one or the other mode of ratifi-
cation may be proposed by Congress...

The only amendments made have been through the
legislatures, n. 236. When they ratified the thirteenth
and fourteenth amendments, Id.

LEGISLATURES. The members of the several State legislatures
shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Con-
stitution ...

LEGISLATURES. When the legislatures of the rebel States shall
have adopted the fourteenth constitutional amendment,
n. 276, p. 283, § 5

...

LETTERS of marque and reprisal. Congress shall have power to
grant letters of marque and reprisal..

This power defined, n. 119. Marque defined, n. 120.
Reprisal defined, n. 121. This power under the Confedera-
tion, Art. IX., p. 14.

LEWIS, FRANCIS, of New York. Signed Dec. of Ind. p. 7. Signed
Articles of Confederation, p. 21.

LIBERTY. The Constitution established to secure the blessings of
liberty, &c. Preamble.

Liberty defined, n. 12. Habeas corpus is the writ for the
infraction of, n. 141, p. 144. The 13th amendment further
secured, n. 274. Of conscience, n. 245. Of speech, n. 246.
Of the press, n. 247. Of petition, n. 248. Secured by due
course of law, n. 257. Of the citizen not to be destroyed

Art. sec.

but by the judgment of his peers, n. 258. Civil liberty
and martial law cannot endure together, n. 260.

LIBERTY. Nor shall any person be deprived of life, liberty, or
property, without due process of law. Amendments.....
Derived from Magna Charta, n. 257. Due process of law
defined, Id.

LICENSE by a municipal corporation is not a regulation of com-
merce, n. S7, p 106.

LIFE. No attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood or
forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted..
(See Attainder.)

LIFE or limb. Nor shall any person be subject, for the same
offense, to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb.
Amendments.

LIFE, liberty, or property. Nor shall any person be deprived of
life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.
Amendments

44, 258

5

(See Jeopardy.)

44, 259

LISTS of electoral votes for President and Vice-President of the
United States to be made. Amendments

LIVINGSTON, BROCKHOLST. Associate Justice, n. 197, p. 193.
LIVINGSTON, PHILIP, of New York. Signed Dec. of Ind. p. 7.
LOUISIANA. Qualifications of suffrage in, n. 17. Number of rep-

resentatives, n. 24. Population of, in each decade, n. 24.
Admitted into the Union, n. 230. Assigned to fifth judi-
cial circuit, n. 197. Its history during the rebellion, n. 235,
Ratified the 13th amendment, n. 274; rejected the 14th, n.
275. One of the non-reconstructed States, n. 277, § 1.
Number of registered voters, n. 278.

LOVELL, JAMES, of Mass. Signed Articles of Confederation, p. 21.
LYNCH, THOMAS, Jr., of South Carolina. Signed Dec. of Ind. P. 8.

MADISON, JAMES, Jr., of Virginia. Signed the Constitution, pp.
42, 252. President, n. 166. His views on impeachment,
n. 194. On bills of credit, n. 93.

MAGAZINES, &c. Congress shall have power to exercise exclusive
legislation over forts, magazines, &c..
(See Exclusive Legislation, n. 137.)
MAHOMETANISM. The first amendment not to countenance or ad-
vance, n. 245.

MAINE. Qualifications of voters in, n. 17, p. 61. Five representa
tives in 1860, n. 24, p. 69. Population through each decade,
n. 24, pp. 69, 70. Assigned to the first judicial circuit,
n. 197, p. 182. Admitted into the Union, n. 230. Ratified
the 18th amendment, n. 274; the 14th, n. 275.
MAJOR-GENERALS. Five in the army, n. 124.

MAJORITY of each house of Congress shall constitute a quorum to
do business. Amendments..

A majority of those present, n. 67.

MAJORITY of the whole number of electors necessary to elect the
President and Vice-President of the United States.
Amendments.

MAJORITY of all the States shall be necessary to a choice of Presi-
dent when the election shall devolve on the House of
Representatives. Amendments..........
MAJORITY of the whole number of senators shall be necessary to
a choice of Vice-President, when the election of that offi-
cer devolves upon the Senate. Amendments
MAJORITY of voters to ratify the Constitutions of the Confederate
States, n. 276, p. 283, § 5. A majority of all the registered
voters must vote for the convention, n. 276, p. 285, §3.
And a majority of the registered votes cast at the elec-
tion must ratify the Constitution, Id. § 5.
MARITIME jurisdiction. The judicial power shall extend to all
cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction...

This jurisdiction defined, n. 203. Maritime was used
to guard against a narrow construction of the word ad-
miralty, n. 203. Admiralty jurisdiction embraces all