fined, n. 62. They are component parts of the power of a State, n. 89, p. 108.
INSTRUMENT. The Constitution must be construed like any other, n. 170.
INSTRUMENTS. The right to regulate commerce carries along the right to regulate the instruments of intercourse and trade, notes 85, 274.
INSTRUMENTS. Secretary of the Treasury to procure for weighing and gauging, n. 102, p. 118.
INSURGENT States. During the rebellion did not become foreign, and their inhabitants alien enemies, n. 213. (See Rebel States.) INSURRECTION. The United States shall, on application of the legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature can- not be convened), protect each State against domestic violence or insurrection..
Acts of the Congress upon the subject, n. 235. The President must decide upon the facts of the case, Id. p. 246. INSURRECTIONS. Congress shall have power to provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions..
Insurrections defined and discussed, n. 132. Invasions defined, n. 133.
INTERIOR waters. The admiralty jurisdiction over defined, n.
INTERCOURSE cannot be restricted by the States, n. 87, p. 106. INVADED. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, engage in war unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay..
The States may repel invasions upon emergencies, n. 164. INVASION. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion or inva- sion, the public safety may require it..
(See Habeas Corpus, note 141.) The President sus- pended the writ, Id. n. 141, p. 143. INVASION. The United States shall protect each State against invasion
Invasion defined, notes 133, 234. Extends to domestic as well as foreign hostility, n. 234. A political question, n. 234. History of, during the rebellion, Id.
INVASIONS. Congress shall have power to provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, sup- press insurrections, and repel invasions
This is coupled with the guaranty to protect against, n. 133. It may be by State authority, n. 133.
INVENTORS may secure exclusive rights to their discoveries for a limited time...
Inventors defined, n. 108.
IOWA. Qualifications for suffrage in, n. 17, p. 61. Six representa- tives in 1860, n. 24. Population during the different decades, n. 24, pp. 69, 70. Assigned to the eighth judicial circuit, n. 197, p. 192. Admitted into the Union, n. 230. Ratified the 13th amendment; n. 274, and the 14th, n. 275. IREDELL, JAMES. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, n. 197 IZARD, RALPH. President of the Senate, n. 38, p. 78.
JAY, JOHN. Chief-Justice, n. 197, p. 192. JACKSON, ANDREW. Views upon nullification, Pref. p. v. n. 144. President of the United States, n. 166. Vetoes, n. 67. JACKSON, WILLIAM. Attested the Constitution, pp. 42, 252 JEFFERSON, THOMAS, of Virginia. Signed Dec. of Ind. p. 7; Presi-
JENIFER, DAN: OF ST. THOMAS, of Maryland. Signed the Constitu- tion, pp. 42, 252.
JEOPARDY. Nor shall any person be subject, for the same offense, to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb. Amendments. Jeopardy defined and discussed, n. 255.
JOHNSON, ANDREW. Vice-President, n. 37, p. 77. President,
n. 166. His differences with Congress, n. 46, p. 85. His notable vetoes, n. 67, pp. 92, 93. The grounds and failure of his impeachment, n. 194. His views as to the supre- macy of law, n. 239. His views as to resolutions propos- ing constitutional amendments, n. 236. His views upon the 14th constitutional amendment, n. 275. His condi- tions imposed upon the rebel States, n. 2:6. His recom- mendation to Congress to retrace its steps, n. 281. Disbanded the militia of the District of Columbia, n. 249.
JOHNSON, RICHARD M. Vice-President, n. 37, p. 77. JOHNSON, THOMAS. Associate Justice, n. 197, p. 193. JOHNSON, WILLIAM. Associate Justice, n. 197, p. 193.
JOHNSON, WILLIAM SAMUEL, of Connecticut. Signed the Consti- tution, pp. 42, 252.
JOURNAL. Each house of Congress shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house, on any question, shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal
JOURNAL. When the President shall return a bill, with his objec- tions, to the house in which it originated, those objections shall be entered at large on their journal, and the votes, by yeas and nays, on the reconsideration of such bill, shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. (See Bill.)..
JUDGES of the Supreme Court. The President shall nominate, and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint the Judges of the Supreme Court of the United States JUDGES of the Supreme and inferior courts shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.. During good behavior defined, n. 197. Those who hold their offices for a term of years are not constitutional judges, n. 197. The court in 1868, n. 197. Since the foundation of the government, n. 197, p. 193. The com- pensation, n. 198.
JUDGES. The judges in every State shall be bound by the Consti- tution, laws, and treaties-any thing in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding..
The courts will declare State Constitutions and laws which violate the paramount law, void, n. 241.
JUDGMENT, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States; but the party convicted shall, nevertheless, be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and pun- ishment, according to law.
Judgment defined, n. 40. Can neither go beyond nor fall short, Id. Touches neither person nor property, Id. JUDGMENTS. (See Acts-Authentication—Credit-Faith-Judi- cial Proceedings.) Where the jurisdiction has attached, the judgment is conclusive, 11. 218, p. 214. If there has been service or defense, nothing is open (not even fraud between the parties and privies) save the question of jurisdiction, İd. But they are subject to limitation, n. 218, p. 215. They are conclusive evidence, Id. They are not foreign, but domestic, n. 218, pp. 215, 219. They can be controverted for want of service, Id. p. 217. The courts will notice the local laws under which they were rendered, n. 219. The rule only applies to judgments of courts of record, Id. Not to judgments of the courts of the United States, n. 219, p. 219. How they must be cer- tified, Id. Nil debet is not a good plea, n. 219, p. 220.
The judgment determines all which might have been liti- gated in the cause, Id. JUDICIAL power. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compen- sation which shall not be diminished during their con- tinuance in office
Judicial power defined, n. 195. Its objects, Id. (See Courts-Inferior Courts Judges' Compensation.) JUDICIAL power. The judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and equity arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and the treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority; to all cases affecting ambas- sadors, other public ministers, and consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party; to contro- versies between two or more States; between a State and the citizens of another State; between citizens of different States; between citizens of the same State, claiming lands under grants of different States; and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens, or subjects.
Judicial, as contradistinguished from legislative and executive power, n. 199. Does not extend to all questions, Id. As to various political treaties, Id. Case defined and treated, notes 199, 200, 201. (See Ambassadors, n. 202. Admiralty, n. 203.) Controversies to which the United States shall be a party explained, n. 204. The power over suits' between States, n. 205. Between a State and citizens of another State, n. 205α. Between citizens of different States. (See Citizens, n. 206.) Between citizens of the same State claiming land, &c. explained, n. 207. Between States or the citizens and foreign States, &c., 208, 209. (See Aliens, n. 209.)
JUDICIAL power. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, and those in which a State shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have ori- ginal jurisdiction. In all the other cases before men- tioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdic- tion, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations, as the Congress shall make.....
Original jurisdiction defined and discussed, n. 210. Jurisdiction defined, n. 210. When the suit and when the parties give jurisdiction in, Id. Appellate juris- diction defined, n. 211. What question must have been made to give appellate jurisdiction, n. 211, p. 207. Congress cannot confer the power to grant a new trial, Id. Where a State is a party defined.
JUDICIAL power. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of im- peachment, shall be by jury, and such trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed..
(See Trial, n. 212) (Impeachment, notes 39, 191-194.) Jury, n. 212. The jury not the judges of the law, Id. Why in the State, n. 213. Where offenses committed out of the State are tried, n. 214.
JUDICIAL proceedings. Full faith, credit, proof, and effect to be given in each State to the acts, records, and judicial pro- ceedings of every other State.
(See Judgments, notes 218, 219.) Judicial proceedings defined, n. 218. How proved. n. 219, p. 218, § 1. Of every State defined, n. 218, p. 219. How authenticated, Id. When so proved have full faith, Id. 220.
JUDICIAL officers, both of the United States and the several States,
shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Con- stitution..
The reason why, n. 242. The oath; the test oath, Id. JUDICIAL power. The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit, in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States, by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. Amendments....
This is an amendment of the third section, notes 205a, 270. It was to prevent individual suits against States, n. 170. It included suits then pending, Id. Does not extend to admiralty, n. 272. The State is not a party unless it so appear on the record, n. 272.
JURISDICTION. The judicial power shall extend to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction..
(See Admiralty, n. 203. See Judicial Power.) JURISDICTION. Original and appellate; in the Supreme Court
Original jurisdiction, defined and discussed, n. 210. State courts have none over a consul, n. 210, p. 205. Appellate, when exercised, and the rules in, n. 211. JURISDICTION. A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other crime, and fleeing from justice, to be delivered up and removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime...
JURISDICTION. No new State shall be erected within the jurisdic- tion of any other State..
How West Virginia was erected, n. 235.
JURY. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury
Jury defined; what must concur to make; not judges of the law in criminal cases; must be a presentment or indictment before there can be a trial, n. 212.
JURY. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or other- wise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indict- ment of a grand jury, &c. Amendments....
(See Indictment-Presentment. See notes 253-257, and 267.)
JURY. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law. Amendments....
In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by a jury shall be preserved; and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States than according to the rules of the common law. Amend-
This includes all suits except those in equity or admiralty, n. 263. Parties may waive jury trial, n. 263. JUSTICE. Constitution ordained in order to establish. Preamble. Justicé defined, and how to be attained, n. 8.
JUSTICE. The Chief-Justice shall preside when the President is tried on an impeachment..
JUSTICE. Fugitives from justice to be delivered up and removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime
(See Fugitive, note 223.) Copied from the Articles of Confederation, Art. IV. p. 10. (See Delivered Up, n. 224.)
KANSAS. Qualifications for suffrage in, n. 17, p. 61.
One repre- sentative, n. 24. Population, n. 24, pp. 69, 70. Assigned to the eighth judicial circuit, n. 197, p. 192. Admitted into the Union, n. 230. Ratified the 18th amendment, n. 274; and the 14th, n. 275.
KENTUCKY. Qualifications for suffrage in, n. 17, p. 61. Nine rep- resentatives, n. 24. Population during the different
decades, n. 24, p. 69, 70. Assigned to the sixth judicial circuit, n. 197, p. 192. Admitted into the Union, n. 230. Rejected the 13th amendment, n. 274; and the 14th, n. 275. KING, prince, or foreign State. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States, and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolu- ments, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign State...
Office defined, n. 151. The inhibition does not extend to private citizens, n. 151.
KING, RUFUS, of Massachusetts. Signed the Constitution, pp. 41, 252. KING, WILLIAM R. Vice-President, n. 37. Presiding officer of the Senate, n. 38, p. 80.
LABOR. No person held to service or labor in one State, shall be discharged from such service or labor in another State.... This means slaves or apprentices, n. 226. (See Fugitive, n. 206.) LAND. A civil law conveyance of, how proved, n. 219, p. 221. A Territory is the compass or tract of, &c. (See Territory, n. 231.) Land and territory are equivalents, Id. A grant of, is a title emanating from the sovereignty of the soil, n. 207. LAND and naval forces. Congress shall have power to make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces....
To make defined; the rules where found, n. 129. LAND ceded to or purchased by the United States. Congress shall have power to exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases whatsoever, over all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the State in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings..
LAND forces. (See Army--Militia.) LANDS. The judicial power shall extend to controversies between citizens of the same State, claiming lands under grants of different States..
If the grants are from different States, the federal court has jurisdiction, n. 207.
LANGDON, JOHN, of New Hampshire. Signed the Constitution, pp. 41, 250. Presiding officer of the Senate, n. 38, p. 78. LANGWORTHY, EDWARD, of Georgia. Signed Articles of Confeder- ation, p. 21.
LAURENS, HENRY, of S. C. Signed Articles of Confederation, p. 21. LAW. The actual enumeration of the people, or census, shall be
made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subse- quent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct..
LAW. A person convicted on an impeachment shall, nevertheless, be liable to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment, according to law.
LAW. The times, places, and manner, of holding elections for senators and representatives shall be prescribed in each State by the legislature thereof; but the Congress may, at any time, by law, make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing senators.
If the legislature fail, the governor may name a reason- able time, notes 30, 41. The power, how far exercised by Congress, n. 41. Does not give the power to fix the quali- fications, n. 41. Denied since the 13th amendment, n. 274. LAW. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in Decem- ber, unless they shall by law appoint a different day......
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