tures of all public money shall be published from time
to time

"Money" defined, and Confederate Constitution com-
pared, n. 149, p. 151. Money in the post-office is within
the restriction, n. 149, p. 152.

APPROVAL of President makes a bill law, n. 66.
APPROVED. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Rep
resentatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a law,
be presented to the President. If he approve, he shall
sign it. (See Veto.)..

Every bill takes effect prospectively from the time it is
approved, n. 66.

APPROVED. Any bill returned by the President with objection, may become a law if approved by two-thirds of both houses of Congress...

The veto power and its history, n. 67. Two-thirds of a quorum is sufficient, n. 68.

APPROVED. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the United States to be approved or disapproved by him....

A joint resolution becomes a law, n. 70. ARE. Is 100 square meters, n. 102, p. 119, § 2. ARKANSAS. Qualification of suffrage in, n. 17, p. 60. Three representatives, by census of 1860, n. 24, p. 68. Population of, in each decade, n. 24, pp. 69, 70. Did not vote in the presidential election of 1864, n. 167. Assigned to the eighth judicial circuit, n. 197. Admitted into the Union, n. 230. Its history during the rebellion, n. 235. Ratified the 13th amendinent, n. 274; and rejected the 14th, n. 275. One of the non-reconstructed States, n. 276, § 1. Its provisional government defined, n. 276, p. 286. Number of registered voters, n. 273.

ARMED troops. For quartering large bodies of, Dec. of Ind. p. 4. ARMIES. Congress shall have power to raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years...

This power did not exist under the Confederation, n. 122. The rights of enlistment and conscription; extent of this power, n. 125. Limitation on appropriations for, n. 126.

ARMING. Congress shall have power to provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia.

The extent of this power defined, n. 134, 135. ARMS. The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. Amendments...

This is a national right; does not give the right to carry
concealed weapons, n. 249.

ARMY. Congress shall have power to make rules for the govern-
ment and regulation of the land and naval forces
"Rules" defined, n. 129. Defined; and rank and grade
in, n. 124.

ARMY. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army.
Why this power was conferred. Need not command in
person. What rules he may establish, n. 175.

ARMY. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. Amendments...

This relates to armies, n. 250.

ARMY OF Navy. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service, in time of war or public danger. Amendments... The extent of this exception defined and discussed, notes 118, 274.

ARREST. Senators and representatives shall, in all cases except
treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from
arrest during their attendance at the sessions of their re-
spective houses, and in going to and returning from the

same....

The privilege extends to all civil process, n. 57. The
privilege commences from the election, n. 59, and pro-
tects the member who loses his seat on contestation,
n. 60. All persons under military arrest, to be tried with-
out unnecessary delay, and how, n. 276, p. 282, § 4. When
the President may order military arrests, n. 165.
ARSENALS, &c. Congress shall have power to exercise exclu-
sive legislation over arsenals, &c....

Extent of jurisdiction over, defined and discussed. The
power to legislate carries the power to make it effectual, n.
137.

ARTICLES of Confederation and perpetual Union, pp. 8, 21.

The preamble to, pp. 8, 9. By what States, p. 9. Style
of, Art. I. p. 9.

Each State retains its sovereignty, &c., Art. II. p. 9. A
firm league of friendship, Art. III p. 10.

For common defense, the security of their liberties, and
general welfare, Art. III. p. 9. Who entitled to the priv-
ileges and immunities of free citizens, Art. IV. p. 10. Free
ingress and egress, &c., Id. Fugitives from justice to be
delivered up, Id. Full faith and credit to acts, records,
and judicial proceedings, of the courts of each State,
Id. Delegates to Congress to be appointed, and how,
ld. Not less than two nor more than seven members,
Art. V. p. 10. Qualifications of delegates, Id. Each State to
maintain its delegates, Id. And have one vote, Id. Free-
dom of speech, of debate, and from arrests, Id. In-
hibitions upon the States, Art. VI. pp. 11, 12, 13. Officers
under the rank of colonel to be appointed by the legis-
lature, Art. VII. All charges of war and other expenses,
how levied, Art. VIII. p. 18. The powers of the United
States in Congress, and mode of proceeding. Art. IX. pp.
14-19. To determine, peace and war, ambassadors, treaties,
captures, prizes, marque and reprisal, piracies, felonies,
and appeals, Art. IX. p. 14. Controversies between States,
and the mode of hearing and settlement, Art. IX. pp. 14,
15. And grants by different States, Id. p. 16. Coin,
weights, and measures, Indians, post-offices, and postage,
Id. Officers above regimental, Art, IX. pp. 16, 17. "A
Committee of the States," other committees, and civil offi-
cers. To borrow money, emit bills of credit, &c., Art. IX.
p. 17. The navy and army, Id. Quotas, how arranged,
fa
p. 18. Restrictions upon Congress, without the assent
of nine States, Id, What upon majority, Id. The power
and limitations on adjournment; yeas and nays, and pub-
lication of journal, Art. IX. p. 19. The powers of the Com-
mittee of the States, Art. X. p. 19. Canada and other
States, how admitted, Art. X. p. 19. The debts of the
government, how guarantied, Art. XII. p. 19. The States
to abide the determinations of Congress, Art. XIII. p. 20.
Union perpetual, Id. Articles inviolably observed, Id.
Alterations, how made, Id. Ratification of the articles,
p. 20; Signers, p. 21.

ARTS, Congress shall have power to promote the progress of
science and useful arts, by securing, for limited times, to
authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their re-
spective writings and discoveries...

To promote, progress, arts, science, and authors, defined,
n. 107. Art distinguished from science, n. 107, p. 122. In-
ventors defined, 108. Patents liberally construed, 108.
The laws on the subject, Id.

ASSEMBLE. Congress shall assemble at least once in every year,

1 0 1 26, 88

1 8 17 30, 136

1 8 8 29,121

on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law
appoint a different day

The sessions now defined by law, n. 43.
ASSEMBLE. Congress shall make no law abridging the right of
the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the gov-
ernment for a redress of grievances. Amendments..
This right discussed, n. 248.

ATCHISON, DAVID R. Presiding officer of Senate, n. 38, pp. 80, 81.
ATTAINDER. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be

passed.....

Bill of, defined and discussed, n. 142, pp. 146, 147. ATTAINDER. No State shall pass any bill of attainder, &c.

These terms relate to criminal laws only, n. 156.

ATTAINDER of treason. The Congress shall have power to declare
the punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason
shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture, except during
the life of the person attainted.......
"Corruption of blood" defined, n. 217.

ATTENDANCE. Less than a quorum of either house may compel
the attendance of absent members

Either house may compel attendance of witnesses, n. 49. ATTENDANCE. Members of Congress privileged from arrest during their attendance at sessions, &c. (See Arrest.) AUTHENTICATION of records, acts, and judicial proceedings of States...

The act of Congress prescribing the mode of, n. 219, p. 221. Of legislative acts, n. 219, p. 218. The whole subject fully discussed, Id.

AUTHORITY. Paramount, of the United States over the provisional governments of the rebel States, n. 276, p. 283, § 6.

AUTHORS may secure exclusive rights to their writings for a limited time....

Defined, n. 107. No exclusive property in a published work except under an act of Congress, Id.

BAIL. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Amendments

See notes 12, 245, 275. The question of ability to be considered; the fifty-dollar fine under the internal revenue law is not excessive; six months imprisonment is not cruel, n. 267. The President cannot appoint commissioners of, n. 183, p. 178.

BALDWIN, ABRAHAM. Deputy from Georgia. Signed this Constitution, pp. 43, 252. Presiding oflicer of the Senate, n. 38, p. 79.

BALDWIN, HENRY. One of the supreme judges, n. 197, p. 193. BALLOT. The electors shall vote by ballot for President and VicePresident of the United States. They shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and, in distinct ballots, the person voted for as Vice-President. Amend

ments

BALLOT. If no person have a majority of the electoral votes, the
House of Representatives shall choose, immediately, by
ballot, the President. Amendments ..

BANISTER, JOHN, of Virginia. Signed Articles of Confederation, p. 21.
BANKRUPT defined literally, n. 91, p. 113.
BANKRUPTCIES. Congress shall have power to establish uniform
laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United
States

Defined, n. 94, 95, pp. 113, 114. The States may pass,
under restrictions, n. 96.

BANK bills are not bills of credit, n. 154. The repeal of a bank charter does not necessarily impair the contract, n. 157, p. 156. BANKS. The State may repeal their charters, when, n. 157, p. 155. BANKS, national. The States may tax the interest of the shareholders, n. 74. As to the power of Congress to create, n. 80.

BANKS, NATHANIEL P. Speaker of the House, n. 26, p. 73.
BARBOUR, JAMES. Presiding officer of the Senate, n. 38, p. 79.
BARBOUR, PHILIP P. Speaker of the House of Representatives,
n. 26. One of the supreme judges, n. 197, 193.

BARTLETT, JOSIAH, of N. H. Signed the Dec. of Ind. p. 7; and
Articles of Confederation, p. 21.

BASSETT, RICHARD. Deputy from Delaware. Signed this Constitu-
tion, pp. 42, 252.

BEDFORD, Jr., GUNNING. Deputy from Delaware. Signed this Con stitution, pp. 42, 252.

BELL, JOHN. Speaker of the House, n. 26, p. 73.

BENJAMIN, JUDAH P. Expelled from the Senate, n. 50.

BILL of attainder. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed

(See Attainder, n. 142.) Inflicts legislative punishment without a legal trial, n. 142, pp. 146, 147. The Missouri constitutional test oath is a bill of attainder, Id.

BILL. Civil Rights, n. 6. Constitutional; discussed and explained, n. 274. Tenure of office, n. 184, p. 179.

BILL. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate shall, before it become a law, be presented to the President of the United States; if he approve, he shall sign it, but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all such cases, the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house, respectively..... When bills take effect, n. 66. Veto or negative defined, n. 67. History of the subject, Id.

BILL. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjourn ment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law

There must be ten entire days, n. 69. BILL. Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the United States; and, before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by twothirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill

Joint and concurrent resolution defined, n. 70. BILLS. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives, but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments, as on other bills Copied, n. 64. Revenue defined, n. 65.

BILLS of credit. No State shall emit bills of credit

Defined and discussed, n. 154. Proposed in the clause to
borrow money, n. 82. And to coin money, n. 97.
BILLS of credit. Not to be emitted by Congress, under the Con-
federation, without the consent of nine States, Art. IX.
p. 18. What, assumed by the Confederation, Art. XII. p. 19.
BINGHAM, WILLIAM. Presiding officer of the Senate, n. 38, p. 78.
BLAIR, JOHN. Deputy from Virginia. Signed this Constitution,
pp. 42, 252.

BLESSINGS of liberty, to ourselves and posterity. Preamble.............
Defined, n. 12.

BLOOD. No attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood or
forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted ..
Corruption of blood defined, n. 217.

BLOUNT, WILLIAM. Deputy from North Carolina. Signed this Con-
stitution, pp. 42, 252. Expelled from the Senate, n. 42.
Tried on impeachment, n. 39. His offense, n. 194.
missed for want of jurisdiction, n. 194.

Dis-

BOND given to "fill up a vacancy does not cover matters after
nomination and confirmation, n. 186.

BORROW money. Congress shall have power to borrow money on
the credit of the United States.

How it originally read, n. 83. Authorizes bills of credit,
n. 84. And to issue treasury notes and to make them
legal tenders, n. 84. That subject discussed, Id. The
sums borrowed and owing, n. 72. The treasury notes an
equivalent of coin, n. 84, p. 105. Money defined, n. 98.
(See Money, notes 97-100.)

BOUND. Persons bound to service for a term of years, included in
representative numbers.

See full notes upon, notes 226-228.

BOYD, LYNN. Speaker of the House, n. 26, p. 73.

BRADFORD, WILLIAM. Presiding officer of the Senate, p. 78.
BRADLEY, STEPHEN R. Presiding officer of the Senate, n. 38,
p. 79.

BRAXTON, CARTER, of Virginia. Signed the Dec. of Ind. p. 8.
BREACH of the peace. For a breach of the peace, a senator or

representative may be arrested.

For any indictable offense, n. 56.

Brearley, DavID. Deputy from New Jersey. Signed this Consti-
tution, pp. 42, 252.

BRECKINRIDGE, JOHN C. Vice-President, n. 37, p. 78.

BRIBERY. All civil officers shall be removed from office on im-
peachment for, and conviction of, bribery, &c. ..........
Bribery defined, n. 193.

BRIDGES.

A charter for is a contract, n. 154, p. 156. A railroad
bridge is not a bridge within the statutes of 1790, Id.

The power of Congress to build, is not found in the
Constitution. It exists in the States, n. 89. But Congress
may regulate those over navigable waters, n. 89, p. 108.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL. Ten in the army, n. 124. Not less than a
Brigadier to be assigned to command the Districts in the
rebel States, n. 276, p. 282, § 2.

Bright, Jesse D. Presiding officer of the Senate, n. 38, p. 81. Ex-
pelled from the Senate, n. 50.

BROOM, JACOB. Deputy from Delaware. Signed this Constitution,
pp. 42, 252.

BROWN, ALBERT G. Expelled from the Senate, n. 50.

BROWN, JOHN. Presiding officer of the Senate, n. 33, p. 79.
BUCHANAN, JAMES. President, n. 166.

BUILDINGS. Congress shall have power to exercise exclusive
legislation over needful buildings in places purchased by
the consent of the legislatures of the States.

This includes the power of taxation, n. 36. And exclusive
jurisdiction, Id. But the title must be acquired with the
consent of the State, n. 137.

BURR, AARON. Vice-President, n. 37.

BUSINESS. A majority of each house shall constitute a quorum to

do business...

BUTLER, PIERCE. Deputy from South Carolina. Signed this Con-
stitution, pp. 42, 252.

CALHOUN, JOHN C. Vice-President, n. 37.
CALIFORNIA. Qualifications of electors, n. 17. Three representa-
tives, by census of 1860, n. 24, p. 68; population of, through
each decade, pp. 69-71. Assigned to ninth judicial cir-
cuit, n. 197. Effect of purchase upon citizenship, n. 220.
Admitted into the Union, n. 230. Ratified the 13th amend-
ment, n. 274; and failure to act on the 14th, n. 275.