 | Yoram Dinstein, Fania Domb - 1999 - 300 pages
...and 57 of the Protocol.31 Proportionality enjoins attacks which "may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, damage...relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated".32 As with Article 48, terminological imprecision, specifically as to the phrase "concrete... | |
 | Dr. J. H. W. Verziji - 1978 - 572 pages
...concentration of civilians or civilian objects; and (b) an attack which may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, damage...concrete and direct military advantage anticipated." These detailed provisions implement to a certain extent the suggestions of the Commission of Jurists... | |
 | 984 pages
...attack shall "refrain from deciding to launch any attack which may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, damage...concrete and direct military advantage anticipated." Additional provisions require all feasible precautions to avoid injury to civilians and damage to civilian... | |
 | United States. President - 1982 - 460 pages
...military objective; or c) may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilian*, damage to civilian objects, or a combination thereof,...be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct •llltary advantage anticipated. Radiation produced as a result of exposure to radioactive material,... | |
 | H. F. van Panhuys - 1980 - 510 pages
...amount of collateral civilian damage resulting from attacks against the targets on or near the dyke be "excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated" as a result of the attacks (Art. 57, para. 2). Then, a dyke may itself become a military objective... | |
 | United States. President - 1981 - 514 pages
...which cannot be directed at a specific military objective; or (c) may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, damage...concrete and direct military advantage anticipated. Because of these [deleted] it would conply with the new treaty and protocol. To date there has been... | |
 | Yougindra Khushalani - 1982 - 172 pages
...attacks are to be considered as indiscriminate: (b) an attack which may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, damage...concrete and direct military advantage anticipated. (6) Attacks against the civilian population or civilians by way of reprisals are prohibited. 143. Draft... | |
 | Michael Bothe, Karl Josef Partsch, Waldemar A. Solf - 1982 - 770 pages
...formulation of this element. This provision defines what "excessive loss" means, namely an incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, damage...combination thereof which would be excessive in relation to concrete and direct military advantage anticipated". This rule of proportionality 12 is applicable... | |
 | 1983 - 1270 pages
...military one or is subject to special protection or that the attack may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, damage...concrete and direct military advantage anticipated; (c) effective advance warning shall be given of attacks which may affect the civilian population, unless... | |
 | 1983 - 812 pages
...which would be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated; (c) effective advance warning shall be given of attacks which may affect the civilian population, unless circumstances do not permit. 3. When a choice is possible between several... | |
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... may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, damage to civilian objects, or a combination thereof, which would be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated. 
