assembly of the: meetings of, 32- 33
equality of states in, 138-139 council of the: position of Great Powers in, 138
Leases of territory, 243-244 Legations: asylum in foreign, 186 immunity of, 364
Le Long, P. A.: affair of, 168 Letters of Credence, 357 Letters of marque, 493
Letters of marque and reprisal, 421 Levée en masse: in warfare, 460-463 Lieber, F., 57, 74
Liszt, F. É. von, 58, 72
Loans: by neutral citizens to bellig- erents, lawful, 566
Lome, Minister de: recall of, 370 London Naval Conference of 1909: meeting of, 29
work of, 73, 495, 511, 535, 551, 553 See Declaration of London Long Island Sound: a territorial wa- ter, 260
Louter, J. de, 58, 72
Lusitania: case of the, 515 Luxemburg: neutralization of, 88-89 negative servitude upon, 283 M
Machiavelli's Prince, 18 McLeod: case of, 388 Mafia riots at New Orleans, 158, 390, 393
Magdalena Bay, incident of, in rela- tion to Monroe Doctrine, 284 Magellan's Straits: neutralization of,
sale of neutral, to belligerent, 564 Mesopotamia: mandate over, 101 Mexico: recognition of new govern- ments of, 113-114
invasion of, by American troops in 1916, 144
rivalry of foreign capitalists to ob- tain concessions in, 311 Mexico, Gulf of: Spanish claims over, 222, 291
Middle Ages, international relations during, 14-16
Military expeditions from neutral ter- ritory, 563
Military government, 479
Military law: as distinguished from martial law, 479, n. 4
Military necessity: definition of, 434 distinguished from law of necessity, 436
German interpretation of, 436 Military occupation: in general, 477- 484
when it begins, 478
scope of authority of occupant, 479 restrictions imposed upon, 480 Mines, automatic contact: 499-501 Ministers, public. See Diplomatic agents
Minorities: protection of, 91, 154, n. 3 Mississippi river: controversy over navigation of, 264
Nalbandian: extradition case of, 212 Napoleonic era; effect of, upon inter- national relations, 23 Nationality. See Citizenship Naturalization: citizenship by, 168 United States laws of, 168-169 Naturalization treaties, 171 Navigation: regulation of, 294 Necessity, law of, 436. See Military necessity
Negotiation: as a form of procedure, 399
Nemo potest exuere patriam, 169 Netherlands. See Holland Neutral duties: of abstention, 554 of prevention, 555-565
Neutrality: general principles of, 519 development of law of, 520-522 present state of law of, 521 under Covenant of League of Na- tions, 522
Neutrality Laws: definition of, 561 as distinct from laws of neutrality, 561, n. 3
of the United States, 521, 561-565 of Great Britain, 561, n. 2 Neutralized states, 89-90 Neutral ports: permissible use of, by belligerent, 557-560
Neutral prizes: destruction of, 551 Neutral rights: in general, 524-536 in relation to belligerent airships, 571
Neutral status: acts forfeiting, 532- 536
Neutral territory, inviolability of, 524 Newfoundland Fisheries case, 259, 280 New Orleans: Mafia riots at, 393 New Zealand: international status of, 99-100 Nicaragua: canal monopoly granted by, to United States, 285 Nice: annexed after plebiscite, 235 Niemen river: navigation of, 266 Niger river: navigation of, 266 Nikitchenkoff: affair of, 364 Non-combatants: distinguished from combatants, 437, 547
North Atlantic Coast Fisheries Arbi- tration, 259, 280
Northeastern Boundary Dispute, 405 North Sea: fishing rights along coasts of, 258
North Sea Fisheries Convention, 258 Norway, 95, 104
Norwegian vessels: requisition of (1917), 531, n. 3
Nuisance, removal of an international,
extent of area of, 225
notification as a condition of, 227 See Military occupation Oder river: navigation of, 266 Oleron, laws of, 17
Open sea. See High seas
Oppenheim, L.: refered to, 56, 72, 347, 428, n. 1, 431, n. 1
Option: right of, 239-241 Oregon Boundary dispute, 226 Orinoco river: navigation of, 265 Ottoman Empire. See Turkey Outer Mongolia: as vassal state, 97 Outlawry, self-defense against interna- tional, 153
Pacific blockade: as a form of forcible procedure, 424-426
Pacific measures of redress, 384, 399- 419
Pacific Settlement of International Disputes, Convention for the, 400, 406, 408, 415
Pacifico, Don: affair of, 425 Palestine: mandate over, 314 Panama, international status of, 93 Panama, isthmus of: not subject to general servitude, 279
Panama Canal: neutralization of, 275 question of tolls upon, 276-277 neutrality of, in time of war, 277 fortification of, 277, 278, n. 2 interpretation of Hay-Pauncefote treaty, 332-333, 338
Panama Canal Zone: lease of, 244 Pantaleon Sa, Don: affair of, 366 Papen, Captain von: recall of, 370 Paraná river: navigation of, 265 Parlementaire: status of, in warfare, 485
Parole. See Prisoners
Partnerships, commercial, between en- emy citizens, 455
Passports: in time of peace, 359 in time of war, 485, n. 8 Peaceful procedure, 399-419
Pelagic Sealing Conference (1911),
Pentarchy of 1818, 25
Permanent Court of International Jus- tice, 32
decisions of, 122, n. 3, 164, n. 4, 167, n. 2
establishment of, 412 Statute of, 413
Persia: admitted into family of na- tions, 83, 104
as a field of international rivalry, 312
treaty of 1907 relating to, 331
Persona non grata, 369
Persona standi in judicio: in relation
to enemy aliens, 447
Personal union, of states, 95, n. 2 Peru: Tacna-Arica controversy with Chili, 328, n. 4 Peterburg, incident of the, 494 Philippine Islands: cession of, 234 right of option in, 239 Phillimore, Sir R., 56
Piepenbrink: affair of (1914), 549 Pillage: forbidden in warfare, 475, 481
Piracy: suppression of, 204
in relation to privateering, 204
Primacy of the Great Powers, 135 Prisoners of war: treatment of, 470- 473
Pritchard, Consul: affair of, 376 Privateeering practice of, 493 Prize Court, International, 30, 412, 553
Prize courts, national, 552 Prizes: destruction of, 511, 551 Procedure, law of: as distinguished
from substantive law, 130 Property, private: capture of, at sea, as method of warfare, 505 proposed abolition of capture of, 505, 506, n. 3
Protection of citizens abroad, 156- 160
Protectorates: as persons of interna-
Quadruple Alliance of 1815, 25, 151 Quarter: obligation to give, 466
Racial minorities, protection of. See Minorities
Radio. See Wireless messages Railway material from neutral terri- tory. See Angary
Railways: foreign ownership of, as a servitude, 281
Ratification of treaties, 324-326 subject to reservations, 325
special rule applied to Hague con- ventions, 325-326
"Rationing" of neutral countries dur- ing World War, 542, 547 Raw materials of industry: competi- tition for supplies of, 306-307
Real union of states, 95
Reason, a source of international law, 62, n. 4
Rebus sic stantibus: implied clause in treaties, 345, 348, n. 4
Recall of diplomatic agents, 369-370 Recognition: of new states, 103 of revolting territories, 105 of belligerency, 108
of insurgency, 108
of new governments, 112
of de facto governments, 112 Red Cross. See Geneva Conventions Redress for injuries: form of, 385 Remedial rights, 379-385
as distinct from antecedent rights, 385
Repairs in neutral ports, 558 Reprisals: in time of peace, earlier
forms of and modern practice, 421-422
in time of war, as a sanction against unlawful conduct, 489-491 their legality, 490
directed against non-combatants, 490
Requisitions, in warfare, 482-484
Res nullius. See Occupation of terri- tory
Responsibility of states: limitations of, 386
for acts of public officers, 387-390 for acts of citizens, 390-393 arising from civil war, 393 from international war, 395 Responsibility of individuals in war- fare: new rules of, 579 Retaliation: in time of peace, 420 in time of war, 489
Revenue laws, enforcement of, beyond three-mile limit, 254
Rhine river: servitudes upon, 263, 267 Rhodian Sea Laws, 17
Ricci, Ambassador: affair of, 359 Right of representation, 352 Rights: fundamental, 127, 132 secondary, 128
perfect and imperfect, 129-130, 382 of redress, 133 Rights of way, 281
Rio Grande: navigation of, 265 regulation of flow of, 267 Rivers: as boundaries, 247 servitudes upon, 263-268 new international, 266-267 regulation of flow of, 267-268 Rivier, A.: writings of, 58
views of, on causes of war, 384, n. 2 Rock Springs: massascre of Chinese at, 158, 390, 393
Roman law: influence of, 16 Rome, as a city-state, 10 Root-Takahira agreement, 177
Root treaties of arbitration, 336, 407, 408, n. 1
Rule of 1756, 21, 549
Rumania under treaty of Berlin, 91 under treaty of St. Germain, 91 as vassal state, 96 recognition of, 106
Ruses of war. See Deceit
Russia: delayed recognition of Bolshe- vik government of, 114-115 repudiation of treaty of 1856 by,
alleged treachery of, in beginning war before declaration (1904), 457
Saar Basin: transfer of, made sub- ject to plebiscite, 237
Sackville, Lord: dismissal of, 371 Safe-conduct: in warfare, 485, n. 8 Safeguard: in warfare, 485, n. 8 St. Albans: responsibility of Great Britain for attack upon, 390
St. Germain, treaty of, 91
St. Lawrence river: open to United States vessels, 264
St. Petersburg, declaration of, 438, n. 4, 463
Sakhalin negative servitude upon, 283
Sale of territory, 233
Salvage: jurisdiction in suits for, 198 Sanction of international law, 42, 381 San Domingo. See Dominican Repub-
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