Fundamentals of Tribology and Bridging the Gap Between the Macro- and Micro/Nanoscales

Front Cover
Bharat Bhushan
Springer Science & Business Media, 2001 M03 31 - 964 pages
The word tribology was fIrst reported in a landmark report by P. Jost in 1966 (Lubrication (Tribology)--A Report on the Present Position and Industry's Needs, Department of Education and Science, HMSO, London). Tribology is the science and technology of two interacting surfaces in relative motion and of related subjects and practices. The popular equivalent is friction, wear and lubrication. The economic impact of the better understanding of tribology of two interacting surfaces in relative motion is known to be immense. Losses resulting from ignorance of tribology amount in the United States alone to about 6 percent of its GNP or about $200 billion dollars per year (1966), and approximately one-third of the world's energy resources in present' use, appear as friction in one form or another. A fundamental understanding of the tribology of the head-medium interface in magnetic recording is crucial to the future growth of the $100 billion per year information storage industry. In the emerging microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) industry, tribology is also recognized as a limiting technology. The advent of new scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques (starting with the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981) to measure surface topography, adhesion, friction, wear, lubricant-fIlm thickness, mechanical properties all on a micro to nanometer scale, and to image lubricant molecules and the availability of supercomputers to conduct atomic-scale simulations has led to the development of a new fIeld referred to as Microtribology, Nanotribology, or Molecular Tribology (see B. Bhushan, J. N. Israelachvili and U.

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Contents

Atomic Scale Origin of Adhesion and Friction
41
Dissipation Mechanisms Studied by Dynamic Force Microscopies
67
FrictionalForce Imaging and Friction Mechanisms with a Lattice Periodicity
83
Atomic Scale Origins of Force Interaction
103
Dynamic Friction Measurement with the Scanning Force Microscope
121
Towards the Ideal NanoFriction Experiment
137
Investigation of the Mechanics of Nanocontacts Using a Vibrating
151
A Scanning Probe and Quartz Crystal Microbalance Study of C60 on Mica
171
Determining the Nanoscale Friction and Wear Behavior of Si SiC
503
On Some Similarities of Structural Modification in Wear and Fatigue
525
Wear Mechanism of Carbon MaterialSteel Slide Bearing in Polluted Atmosphere
543
Testing Tribological Behaviour of IonBeam Mixed Surface Layers
557
Tribological Aspects of Wear of LaserSintered Rapid Prototype Tools
571
Nanoscale Lubrication and Friction Control
607
Tribology of Ideal and NonIdeal Surfaces and Fluids
631
Nanoscale Wetting and DeWetting of Lubricants with Scanning Polarization
651

Effect of Electrostatic Interactions on Frictional Forces in Electrolytes
199
Adsorption of Thin Liquid Films on Solid Surfaces and its Relevance
215
Theory and Simulations of Friction Between Flat Surfaces Lubricated
235
Experimental Aspects of Friction Research on the Macroscale
258
A Review
279
Relationship Between Structure and Internal Friction in CoPt and FePd Alloys
299
A Model for Adhesive Forces in Miniature Systems
331
UltraLow Friction Between Water Droplet and Hydrophobic Surface
345
AFM as a New Tool in Characterisation of Mesoporous Ceramics as Materials
349
Surface Damage Under Reciprocating Sliding
377
Third
393
Fretting Wear Behaviour of a Titanium Alloy
413
Macro and Micro Aspects
439
When Micro meets Macro
467
Nanostructuring of Calcite Surfaces by Tribomechanical Etching with
487
The Study of Very Thin Lubricant Films in High Pressure Contacts Using
663
Scaling Issues in the Measurement of Monolayer Films
691
New Electrolytes for Electrochemical Study in Hydrocarbon Solution
711
From Macro to Microscale Effects
725
Fluid Film Lubrication with Applications to Machine Elements
747
Flow Modeling of Thin Films from Macroscale to Nanoscale
767
Bridging the Gap Between Macro
799
MicroNanoscale Tribology of MEMS Materials Lubricants and Devices
821
Macro and Microtribology of Information Storage and Retrieval Devices
851
High Spatial Resolution Chemical Imaging of TriboSurfaces
869
Permanent Magnetic Levitation and Stability
899
Load Carrying Capacity of HeavyDuty Porous Journal Bearings
915
Condition Monitoring Tools for Tribologists
931
Author Index
951
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