QUEEN'S COLLEGE, CORK. QUEEN'S COLLEGE, CORK, was incorporated under the name and style of The President and Professors of Queen's College, Cork, Dec. 30, 1845, and was opened for the reception of students on the 30th of Oct., 1849. Down to 1874 there had been a registered attendance of 2,000 students, of which number 1,800 were matriculated. COLLEGIATE STAFF IN 1873-4 Natural Philosophy,. History and English Literature,. Logic and Metaphysics,... Chemistry, Natural History, Geology and Mineralogy,. Modern Languages,.. John Ryall, LL.D. Incumbents Bunnell Lewis, M.A., F.S.A. Charles Niven, M.A., Fellow of Trin. Col., John England, M.A. George F. Armstrong, M.A. George Sidney Read, M.A. Maxwell Simpson, B.A., M.D., 7.R S. Joseph Reay Greene, B.A., M.D., M.R.I.A. Robert Harkness, F.R.SS.L. and E., F.G.S. Jurisprudence and Political Economy... Richard Horner Mills, M.A. Anatomy and Physiology,. English Law,.. Medicine,.. Surgery,.... Materia Medica,. ..... Midwifery,.. Medical Jurisprudence,. Engineering,.... Mark S. O'Shaughnessy, M.R.I.A., F.R.S.L. Wm. K. Tanner, M.D., F. and L.R.C.S.I. ..Purcell O'Leary, B. es. L., M.A., M.D., F.B.8. Mark O'Shaughnessy, M.R.I.A., F.R.S.L. The total number of students in 1873-1 was 260, distributed in: Of the Matriculated Students, there were 116 Roman Catholics, 110 Episcopal, 10 Presbyterians, 2 other denominations. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, AND PRIZES. From the Financial Statement for the year ending March 31, 1874, it appears that the College received 9,637 for the entire work of the year. Of this sum all but 817. 4s. (for College Fees and Fines) was from the Government. The expenditures were, Salaries 4,9107; for Scholarships, Exhibitions, and Prizes 1,272; for Library 1897; for Apparatus, &c., 145; for Museum and Botanic Garden 478.; Printing, &c., 1312 QUEEN'S COLLEGE, GALWAY. QUEEN'S COLLEGE, GALWAY, was founded Dec. 30, 1845, opened for students Oct. 30, 1849, and down to 1874 had received 1,271 admissions. Of these 1,150 matriculated. The mixed character of the attendance is shown by the record-570 Roman Catholics, 429 Established Church, 270 Presbyterians, 29 Wesleyans, 17 Independents, 9 other denominations. The Organization with Faculties, and the Curriculum as to Studies and Terms is substantially the same as at Belfast and Cork. The following table exhibits: Thomas W. Moffett, LL.D., .Thomas H. Rowney, PH.D., Alexander G. Melville, M.D., Edin., M.R. Wm. King, D. Sc.,................................... 36...... 227 61...... 84 37... 107 ..... Jurisprud. and Polit. Econ.,..William Lupton, M.A................ Anatomy and Physiology,...John Cleland, M.D., P.R.S.,... Natural History,..... Mineralogy and Geology, Modern Languages,.. English Law... Practice of Medicine,. ...Nicholas Colahan, M.D., F.R.S., Edin............. Richard Doherty, M.D., Hon. v.P., Obstet. Edward Townsend, M.A., . . . . . . 348 10...... The President in his Annual Report for 1873-74 remarks: What we, who have been intrusted by your Majesty with the administration of this College, have from the time of its foundation down to the present longed for has been-REST; the opportunity of patiently and silently endeavoring to develop the institution, and attract round it the sympathies of a people whose history and traditions prove them to have been ever devoted to the attainment of learning. It is a matter of the deepest satisfaction to myself and the Professors, who have now for a quarter of a century, in the face of a most vigorous opposition, struggled with me to plant in this remote part of your dominions an institution which should be at once a center of enlightenment and of loyalty to your Majesty, to know that our efforts have not been in vain, but that they have been recognized and approved by most eminent and influential men of all parties in the House of Commons. We append extracts from the Debate on Mr. Gladstone's University Bill for Ireland, in which the Premier's remarks to the disparagement of the success of this College, are answered. Dr. Lyon Playfair (late Postmaster-General). The case must be a strong one to justify the extinction of a college which is the only one in the West of Ireland. At present you have Dublin College for the East, Cork for the South,. and Belfast for the North of Ireland, but if you suppress Galway College, the whole of the West of Ireland is left destitute of means of higher culture for its population. There is no part of Ireland where such a college is more import ant. In Munster and Ulster the populations are much larger and wealthier than in Connaught, and the towns of Belfast and Cork are flourishing from their commercial enterprise. In Connaught, on the other hand, you have the little town of Galway, with 13,000 inhabitants, maintaining with singular vigor its College. Galway has decreased in population in twenty years by 10,000 persons, and yet its College has not decreased, for in 1861 it had 144 students, and in 1871 it had still 141. Small as this number may appear, it is larger than any of the seventeen colleges in Cambridge, with two exceptions, Trinity and St. John's. I will not follow the right hon. gentleman into the money appraisement of each student, for I am sure that he does not attach much importance to that line of argument. He would far more willingly rest the question upon the quality of the work done than upon its quantity or its cost. As to the quality of the work done, there is no question that Galway at present stands at the head of the three colleges. At the last University examination, out of fifteen first-class honors awarded to the three colleges, Galway-the smallest numerically-won no less than seven. In competitions for the public service, Galway College has always held a conspicuous place. I have therefore shown that, while educationally Galway College is a decided success, numerically it can scarcely be considered a failure. But it is chiefly because it has thoroughly fulfilled the intention of Parliament that I plead for Galway. Our intention was to found colleges in which the inhabitants of Ireland might study irrespective of their religious creeds. Belfast has scarcely succeeded in this point of view, for out of 368 students, on an average of ten years, only nineteen have been Roman Catholics. But with Cork and Galway the principle of united education has flourished. Out of 1,536 Roman Catholics who have entered since the foundation of the Queen's Colleges nearly 1,400 were in the colleges of Galway and Cork. It is true that Galway and Cork are much disliked by the clerical party in Ireland, yet that is not because Roman Catholics do not frequent them, but because they do. Sir William V. Harcourt (late Solicitor-General.)-Some years ago the right hon. gentleman, the member for Buckinghamshire (Mr. Disraeli,) had an original theory on the subject of Ireland, to the effect that the evils of Ireland were due to a moist climate and a melancholy ocean. Well, Galway was the headquarters of moisture, and it was washed all along its shores by a most melancholy ocean. Therefore, it had need of all the consolations of philosophy which Boethius or any body else could afford. Why, then, extinguish the glimmering light of Galway? The observations of the Chancellor of the Exchequer the other night, depreciating the character of the Queen's Colleges in Ireland, were somewhat less than just, and certainly much less than generous; for, considering the adverse circumstances under which they had been maintained, these colleges deserved a sympathy and support. He never could understand the test which the right hon. gentleman at the head of the Government applied to the College of Galway when he excluded from his consideration the graduates in the professions of medicine and law. The right hon. gentleman was answered conclusively by his hon. and learned friend, the member for the University of Edinburgh, (Dr. Lyon Playfair,) who said there must be in a poor country a number of professional men who lived by their professional exertions. Perhaps Galway required a very large supply of medical men, and certainly with regard to law, that, at any rate, could not be said to be a superfluous article there. His right hon. friend, the President of the Board of Trade, might as well propose to extinguish the lighthouses on the coast of Galway in order to please the Ultramontane wreckers of that country. Certainly the House would never consent to extinguish the light of Galway. Professor Fawcett.-He protested against the whole system of estimating the utility of the system as an auctioneer, a salesman, or an appraiser would estimate it; and we could have little expected such a mode of appraising results from a Prime Minister who, above all others, was distinguished for his high culture and his great scholarship. If the right hon. gentleman proceeded upon this plan, where was he going to stop? If Galway College were to be abolished, why did the right hon. gentleman a few hours afterwards recommend Her Majesty to fill up the chair of Pastoral Theology in the University of Oxford? · What was the justification of many of the colleges in the right hon. gentleman's own University? Last session seventy-five students entered at Galway College, which had an income of 10,000l. a year. At Magdalen College only twentyfive students matriculated, and its revenues were said to be 40,000l. a year. The arithmetical argument, therefore, in favor of abolishing Magdalen College was twelve times as strong as it was in favor of abolishing Galway College. But take the very college of which the right hon. gentleman was so distinguished a member. The average matriculations at Christ Church were seventy a year. This was about the number matriculated at Galway. But compare the revenues of the two Colleges! If, then, the arithmetical argument were pressed to a logical conclusion, the right hon. gentleman would arrive at some very awkward results. To prove the necessity of destroying Queen's College, Galway, the right hon. gentleman laid down the extraordinary doctrine that no one was to be considered a University student unless he was a student in arts; and he added that every body who knew any thing of the Universities would indorse this opinion. Now he (Mr. Fawcett) emphatically denied the assertion, and most University authorities would confirm his statement. opinion was well founded, what became of the 4,000 Scotch students on whom If the Premier's he dwelt so much? They were not all students in arts. As he was informed, at least one-half of them were professional students. Moreover, the doctrine of the right hon. gentleman seemed to him to be opposed to the whole current of University reform. When the House considered the circumstances of the country, the poverty of the people, the anathemas of the Church, and the threats of constant Parliamentary interference, instead of these colleges being a failure, it proved that a strong desire was really felt by the Irish people to participate in the advantages of united education. What do we find upon looking back a few years. The figures quoted by the right hon. gentleman proved that up to 1865 these colleges were in a state of progress-from that year they began to decline. Was this an accidental circumstance? In 1865 began the policy of denouncing these colleges. In 1865 Archbishop Cullen said that those parents and guardians who permitted their children to attend these colleges were unworthy of the sacraments of the Church, and should be excluded from them. Just at the same time Dr. Derry, the Bishop of Clonfert, declared that those fathers and mothers who persisted in sending their children to receive this kind of education disregarded the warnings, entreaties, and decisions of the Head of the Church, and that those who were guilty of such conduct should be deprived of the Holy Sacraments and the Eucharist. Was there ever a more cruel, cowardly-he would even say a more inhuman-denunciation ever uttered? Why, this bishop could not have used stronger language if these parents had been sending a daughter to prostitution, or a son to some sink of vice. Lord Edmond Fitzmaurice.-He wished to remind the House of the history of Galway College. It was planted now twenty-five years ago in a poor district, and on a soil inhospitable to learning. The town in which it was established had dwindled away, owing to commercial reasons, and before many years a rival establishment was set up in its immediate proximity, with the avowed intention of thwarting its labor and impeding its progress. Meanwhile from Synod after Synod went forth decree after decree fulminating spiritual penalties of the most atrocious character against the students and the parents of the students who were receiving their education within its walls. It was threatened with destruction, but its foundations were planted on the rock; it was called a Godless College, but it held to the path of duty; it was recovering, it had recovered from its earliest difficulties; it had survived the curses and the imprecations of its spiritual enemies, and then suddenly, in the moment of its greatest usefulness and of its returning prosperity, the right hon. gentleman, emulating the fame of the man who, according to the poet, is described as having done 'The double sacrilege to things divine, First robbed the relic, then defaced the shrine,' proposed to blot it out from the face of the country which it adorned, and from among the people in whose affections it had found a place. THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND. INTRODUCTION. Ir is difficult for American Educators to understand the grounds on which the Catholic body in Ireland, through the Press, and their Representatives in Parliament, have so persistently opposed the Queen's University and Colleges, and the more recent measure of Mr. Gladstone to reorganize the University of Dublin, and in so doing to make the vast endowments of Trinity College available for the direct culture of all classes and creeds, and to affiliate all the larger secondary schools, and the special University of the Catholics with other institutions of similar grades in Ireland. Wisely or unwisely in reference to ultimate purposes, the effect of this opposition, is to leave the higher education of the people of Ireland behind that of either Scotland or England, and to make institutions of learning the nurseries of sectarian jealousy and animosity. That the Catholics of Ireland have been unjustly and unwisely treated in the school and ecclesiastical Legislation of the British Government, is now generally conceded, as the repeal of the cruel Acts of Henry VIII., which forbade the education of children in the faith of their parents at home or abroad, the abandonment by the Government of all schemes of National Education in which proselytism was an avowed or latent object, the establishment of institutions studiously guarded against the ascendance in management and instruction of any one denomination, and the placing of all religious bodies on a common platform of legal equality and protection-clearly demonstrate. But in the former repudiated policy and penal legislation must we look for the springs of existing social and political opinions and action. Prof. Sullivan, of the Catholic University of Ireland, in a pamphlet on University Education in Ireland, re-issued in 1866, at the time when the provisions and acceptance of the Supplementary Charter of the Queen's University were under discussion, presents the historical aspects quite strongly. The close of the eighteenth century found the Irish Catholics-the representatives of that Irish nation which had maintained for centuries a struggle with British power, and had just begun to emerge from the most disgraceful persecution ever waged against any people-without churches wherein to worship God, without schools wherein to educate their children, without real property, serfs upon the land which had belonged to their ancestors, possessed of little or no -brain or hand-skill, because the acquisition of both had been alike forbidden to |