ground, and commands an extensive and delightful prospect. It is proposed soon to erect other buildings. The following is the list of presidents:-John McDowell, LL. D., Henry L. Davis, D. D., William Rafferty, D. D., Rev. Hector Humphreys, who has now charge of the institution.

Mount St. Mary's College, is situated in a romantic spot at the foot of a branch of the Blue Ridge mountains, two miles from Emmettsburg, in Frederick county, 50 miles from Baltimore, and 60 from Washington. It was established in 1809 by Dr. Dubois, now Roman Catholic Bishop of New York. In 1830, it was incorporated as a college. Only 20 or 30 students have been graduated. The number of pupils in July, 1831, was 130. There are 9 professors and 16 assistants. The library contains 7,000 volumes, and the philosophical apparatus is very good.

St. Mary's College, Baltimore. This is also a Roman Catholic seminary, incorporated in 1805. The buildings will accommodate 150 boarders. Board, $140 per annum; tuition, $60; entrance fee, $5. The system of instruction is substantially the same with that pursued at other colleges. The institution is in the north-west part of Baltimore, and in a good location.

University of Maryland, at Baltimore. The Medical College was founded in 1807, and in 1812, received the title of University. Charles Williams, D. D. president, and 11 instructors.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

COLLEGES AND HIGHER SEMINARIES.-Columbian College, at Washington. This institution is on the high range of ground north of Washington city, a mile from the President's house, and two and a half from the Capitol. It was incorporated by Congress in 1821; the course of instruction was commenced in 1822. Its buildings are a college edifice 117 feet by 46, four stories, having 48 rooms for students and a chapel; a second edifice partly erected, 80 feet by 40, designed for a refectory; two dwelling-houses; and a philosophical hall, for lecture rooms, classical school, &c. It has 47 acres of ground, 30 of which are devoted to tillage. The library contains between 3,000 and 4,000 volumes. A Classical and Preparatory school is connected. Necessary expenses, exclusive of books and stationery, will not exceed $167 per annum; of a pupil in the school, $175, his time of boarding being eight weeks longer On occasions of great interest, students are permitted to hear the debates in Congress, and arguments before the Supreme Court. The trustees are elected triennially. The faculty are:

Rev. Stephen Chapin, D. D., president and prof. belles lettres and moral phil.
Thomas Sewall, M. D., professor anatomy and physiology.

William Ruggles, professor mathematics and natural philosophy.

Alexander M'Williams, M. D., botany.

Thomas. P. Jones, M. D., professor chemistry.

Wm. Boulware, professor ancient languages.

Philip Leon, teacher of French.

Washington Leverett, and D. J. Noyes, tutors.

Number of alumni, 300. Congress has given $25,000 to the college. Considerable progress has been made in obtaining subscriptions for the endowment of the presidency, and for the support of one professor for five years.

Medical Department. This department was organized in 1824. The professors are Dr. Sewall, anatomy and physiology; Dr. Thomas Henderson, theory and practice of physic; Dr. N. W. Worthington, materia medica; Dr. Frederick May, midwifery; Dr. Thomas P. Jones, chemistry; Dr. James C. Hall, surgery. The ticket of each professor is $15. One student from each of the States and territories is admitted free of charge, with the exception of a matriculating fee of $5, and a graduating fee of $20. The Medical College is in Tenth street. All the necessary anatomical preparations are furnished. The number of matriculated students has been usually about 30.

Georgetown College. This is a Roman Catholic institution under the direction of the Incorporated Catholic Clergy of Maryland. It was first incorporated in 1799, and was authorized to confer degrees by Act of Congress, in 1815. The number of students is about 150. It is the oldest Papal seminary in the United

States. Number of volumes in the library, 7,000. At Georgetown is a nunnery containing 60 nuns, and a Catholic Female Academy of 100 scholars.

Protestant Episcopal Seminary, at Alexandria. The institution is in a pleasant location, three miles from Alexandria, and six from Washington. The seminary building is of brick, 3 stories in height, 42 feet long, and 30 broad. Its cost was about $3,000, and it will accommodate 30 students. This institution is under the care of the diocese of Virginia.

Rev. Rueul Keith, D. D., prof. systematic divinity.
Rev. Edward R. Lippitt, prof. sacred literature.
Rev. William Jackson, prof. pastoral theology.

VIRGINIA.

ELEMENTARY EDUCATION.-A general and complete system of public education was devised by Mr. Jefferson, and presented to the Legislature in 1779; but it appears to have been too extensive and minute for so early a period. A part of it relating to elementary schools, was adopted in 1779; yet even this was never executed, apparently in consequence of its imposing a tax on the wealthy, for the gratuitous education of the poor. No other legislative measure was adopted on the subject of education, we are told, till 1809, when an Act was passed, appropriating all fines, escheats, and forfeitures to a permanent fund for the encouragement of learning,' leaving its application to future legislatures. In 1816, a large claim of Virginia upon the United States, was principally applied to the increase of this fund, and commissioners were appointed to devise a system of education. Circulars were addressed by the Governor, as President of their board, to the most eminent scholars in the country, requesting facts and opinions on this subject; and, as the result, a system was proposed embracing a Primary School for each township, an Academy for each district, and a University for the State. This plan, however, was not adopted. The following is an account of the final appropriation of the Literary Fund, and of its results. 'At the next session, 1817-18, it was found that the Literary Fund, by the accession it had received from the grant of the legislature two years before, now amounted to upward of $900,000, yielding an annual income of more than $50,000, exclusive of its occasional accessions from fines and forfeitures. The legislature decided to use this revenue in providing for those species of education which were most wanted in the State; that is, the very lowest and the highest. A permanent appropriation of $45,000 a year was made for the education of the poor, and $15,000 a year for the erection and support of a university. The first sum was to be distributed among the several counties and corporate towns of the State, according to their free white population; and to be placed under the management and control of School Commissioners, who were to be annually appointed by the courts of the several counties and towns.'

'It appears, from the Auditor's Report of 1831, that the number of poor chil dren in the State, according to the returns of the School Commissioners, amounts to 27,598, which is one-twenty-fifth part of the whole white population, 694,440, and probably about one-fifth of the whole number of children between the ages of eight and fifteen; within which limits the above 27,598 children are believed to be comprehended. It appears from the mass of testimony exhibited to the Legislature in the Auditor's Report, that although the plan has been attended with very different degrees of success in the different counties, according to the personal character of the School Commissioners, whose services are gratuitous, there has been a steady and continued improvement throughout the State in the execution of the law.'

In 1820, a law was passed authorizing the extension of the system of primary schools to all classes, but leaving it discretionary. This law gave authority to the School Commissioners of each county, whenever they thought the purposes of education would be thereby promoted, to lay off their county into districts, of from three to seven miles square; and as soon as the inhabitants of such district shall have raised three-fifths of the sum required to build a school-house in the district, the Commissioners are authorized to contribute the other twofifths, so, however, as not to exceed ten per cent. of the county's annual quota

of the $45,000. They are further authorized to pay a sum not exceeding one hundred dollars toward the salary of a teacher, provided the inhabitants of the district contribute an equal or greater amount; and, at the school thus provided, every white child in the district may be taught gratis. Each school is to be placed under the control of three trustees, of whom the School Commissioners are to appoint one, and the private contributors two.'

ACADEMIES AND HIGH SCHOOLS.-Academies in Virginia are private schools, commonly established by a few public spirited individuals in a county or neighborhood, who erect suitable buildings and provide requisite teachers. The ordinary number of scholars is from 30 to 50. There are about 55 of these academies in the State. The grammar schools are conducted solely by their respective teachers. In some of them Latin, Greek, and mathematics are taught. But the largest part of the youth of both sexes are taught in domestic schools. COLLEGES AND HIGHER SEMINARIES.-College of William and Mary. This College was originally projected in 1688, the year in which William and Mary ascended the British throne. The instructors are:

Adam Empie, D. D., president, and prof. moral philosophy and rhetoric. William B. Rogers, professor chemistry and natural philosophy.

Dabney Brown, professor humanity.

Thomas K. Dew, professor hist. met. and political law.

professor mathematics.
law.

The property of the college amounts to about $150,000, not, however, yielding an income in proportion to that amount. The salaries of the professors are $1,000 each, except that the Professor of Law has $600, and the Professor of Humanity, $900.

Hampden Sidney College. This institution is in Prince Edward county, 80 miles south-west of Richmond, on an elevated and remarkably healthy situation. It was founded in 1755, and has a very liberal charter. The President, James Cushing, Esq., is professor of mental philosophy, rhetoric, moral philosophy, and natural law; besides which are the chairs of chemistry, natural philosophy, mathematics, and the learned languages.

Union Theological Seminary in Prince Edward county. This institution is under the immediate care of the Presbytery of West Hanover, but by its constitution is bound to report annually to the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church. It commenced operations in 1824. On the 1st of January, of that year, Rev. John H. Rice, D. D., was inaugurated professor of Christian theology. The instructors are:

Rev. George A. Baxter, D. D., prof. Christian theology.
Rev. Hiram P. Goodrich, prof. oriental literature.

-, prof. church history.

Elisha Ballentine, assistant teacher.

Washington College, at Lexington. This College was endowed by General Washington, with 100 shares of the stock of James river company, which in 1821 produced an annual income of $2,400. The two college halls, of brick, will accommodate from 50 to 60 students. The faculty are:

Louis Marshall, M. D., president, and prof. languages.

Rev. Henry Ruffner, prof. mathematics.

Joseph W. Farnum, M. D., prof. chemistry and nat. philosophy.

prof. ethics.

N. R. Seabrook, tutor.

The funds of the college are large, and the course of instruction thorough. Virginia Baptist Seminary, located four miles north of Richmond. It is well situated for the purposes of a manual labor institution, as Richmond furnishes a good market. Rev. Robert Ryland is principal; 14 scholars, all preparing for the ministry; 30 students about to be admitted. Total expenses, $95 per annum. No student under 16 years to be received. All to labor 3 hours a day, Saturday and Sunday excepted.

Randolph Macon College, Boydton. This is in Mecklenburg county, 88 miles south-west of Richmond.

John Emory, D. D., president.

Martin P. Parks, prof. mathematics.

Lorenzo Lea, principal of the preparatory school.

Founded in 1831.

University of Virginia, at Charlottesville. The University of Virginia is lolated about 2 miles from Charlottesville, in Albemarle county, and very near the center of population of the State. It was founded in 1819, and went into operation in 1825. It owes its origin and its peculiar organization to Thomas Jefferson. It was erected by the State, at a cost of about $400,000; and the State now gives an annuity of $15,000 for its support. Degrees are granted, after very thorough and rigid examinations, in the separate schools. The number of the graduates, at the close of the last session, in the several schools, were as follows:-In the school of ancient languages, 2; certificates of proficiency in the Latin language, 9; mathematics, 9; natural philosophy, 14; chemistry, 3; moral philosophy, 9; certificates of proficiency in political economy, 7; law, 4; medicine, including the school of medicine proper, (physiology, pathology, &c.) the school of chemistry and materia medica, and the school of anatomy and surgery, the graduates receiving the title of 'Doctor of Medicine,' 5.-Students who have received separate degrees in the schools of ancient languages, mathematics, natural philosophy, chemistry, and moral philosophy, are declared graduates of the university, with the title of 'Master of Arts of the University of Virginia.' This title was conferred on one student at the last commencement. Number of diplomas granted in 1832, 47; number of certificates of proficiency, 16. There are no indigent students supported by the university. The library has about 8,000 volumes; but it is very valuable, having been purchased in Europe, according to a catalogue previously made out by Mr. Jefferson.

NORTH CAROLINA.

ELEMENTARY EDUCATION.-This State has a Literary Fund, arising from bank dividends, &c., to the amount of upward of $70,000. When this sum has reached a sufficient amount, it is to be divided among the Common schools, according to the free population. Some vigorous efforts have recently been made to arouse the public attention to the subject of education.

ACADEMIES AND HIGH SCHOOLS.-The Baptists have purchased the estate of Gen. Calvin Jones, in Wake Forest, 16 miles from Raleigh, for the purpose of founding a Manual Labor school. It will go into operation in 1834. $2,000 are required for this purpose. The Donalson Academy, and Manual Labor School, on Hay Mount, founded by the Presbytery of Fayetteville, has been lately incorporated. $10,000 subscribed.

COLLEGES AND HIGHER SEMINARIES.—University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill. This institution was established in 1791. Joseph Caldwell, D. D., is president; 9 instructors; between 450 and 500 alumni; 1,800 volumes in the college library; 3,000 in the students' libraries.

SOUTH CAROLINA.

ELEMENTARY EDUCATION.-The Free School system was adopted in 1821. In October, 1824, there had been appropriated on account of Free schools, $441,176 90. The annual legislative appropriation is from $37,000 to $38,000. About 8,000 or 9,000 children are instructed in them.

ACADEMIES AND HIGH SCHOOLS.-The South Carolina Female Institute is two miles from Columbia. Mrs. Marks, principal; property, $30,000; principal edifice, 134 feet long, 34 broad, 2 stories high.

The following was the list of academies in 1826:-Abbeville, Barnwell, Boiling Springs, Beaufort, Broad River, Cambridge, Chesterville, Cheraw, Camden, Cedar Springs, Edgefield, Gilesborough, Greenville, Long Town, Lancasterville, Marion, Mt. Ariel, Monticello, Minervaville, Mount Olio, Newberry, Pendleton, Pineville, Platts Spring, Rocky Spring, Rocky Mount, Society Hill, Unionville, Willington, Winnsborough, Woodville, Yorkville.

COLLEGES AND HIGHER SEMINARIES.-Furman Theological Institution, under the patronage of the Baptist State Convention. Rev. Messrs. Jesse Hartwell, and Samuel Furman, principals; located at the High Hills of Santee. 30 students preparing for the ministry.

Lutheran Theological Seminary, at Lexington. Rev. John C. Hope, professor; salary, $700, and dwelling, and firewood; 9 students. A Classical school to be attached, with a principal, at a salary of $600. The inhabitants of Lexington gave $5,287.

Southern Theological Seminary. At Columbia, the capital of the State; founded in 1829.

Thomas Goulding, D. D., prof. ecclesiastical history, and church government.

William A. McDowell, D. D., prof. elect. theology.

George Howe, prof. biblical literature.

Students, 22; volumes in the library, 1,800. For the Charleston Union Professorship, $2,371 have been collected. It is under the care of the Synod of South Carolina and Georgia.

South Carolina College. This institution was established in 1804, at Columbia. The entire expense of the college to the State has been more than $420,000. Of this sum, the buildings, library, and cabinets, cost $154,234 82. Since 1824, the legislative appropriations have been $120,000. Its library consists of about 8,000 volumes Its buildings have become very much dilapidated. Thomas Cooper, M. D., is president.

Charleston College. This College was originally chartered in 1785, but it was no more than a respectable grammar school till 1824, when it was organized anew, and placed on a respectable footing as a college. Among its original trustees, were C. C. Pinckney, C. Pinckney, John Rutledge, Edward Rutledge, David Ramsay. Its original funds were large, but through neglect, were very much diminished. It received some years since from Elias Horry, Esq., the sum of $10,000, and from Thomas Hanscome, Esq., $12,500. The principal edifice is one of the most commodious buildings of the kind in the United States. It has lately received a valuable addition to its philosophical apparatus. Its entire property is valued at $60,000.

Rev. Jasper Adams, D. D., principal, and Horry prof. mor. and pol. philosophy.

William E. Bailey, professor languages.

Stephen Lee, professor mathematics and natural philosophy.

Charles B. Cochran, Jr., master of English department.

Henry M. Bruns, Joseph T. Lee, Geo. Hooper, tutors.

Medical College of South Carolina. This is situated in Charleston, and has for several years received an extensive patronage.

GEORGIA.

ELEMENTARY EDUCATION.-'There is in this State an Academic Fund of $250,000, the interest of which is annually divided among the incorporated academies. There is also a Poor School Fund of $250,000, the interest of which is divided among the several counties, according to their white population, and for the education of the poor. No definite plan, however, has been devised to render this fund valuable to that class for whom it was designed, and we fear thus far, much of it has not been useful.'

ACADEMIES AND HIGH SCHOOLS.-'The Richmond Academy, in the city of Augusta, is well endowed, and supports able teachers. The Chatham Academy, in Savannah, is also a very valuable institution, and has considerable funds. Two Manual Labor schools have just commenced, and promise much usefulness. One is in Green county, under the Baptist Association, and the other one mile from Athens, under the Georgia Presbyterian Education Society. Each has a large farm, and oblige their students to labor at least three hours each day. The one near Athens intends to give students an opportunity of laboring enough to pay all their expenses. Board and tuition in either of these now