NGO Diplomacy: The Influence of Nongovernmental Organizations in International Environmental NegotiationsMichele Merrill Betsill, Elisabeth Corell MIT Press, 2008 - 244 pages Provides an analytical framework for assessing the impact of NGOs on intergovernmental negotiations on the environment and identifying the factors that determine the degree of NGO influence, with case studies that apply the framework to negotiations on climate change, biosafety, desertification, whaling, and forests. Over the past thirty years nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have played an increasingly influential role in international negotiations, particularly on environmental issues. NGO diplomacy has become, in the words of one organizer, an "international experiment in democratizing intergovernmental decision making." But there has been little attempt to determine the conditions under which NGOs make a difference in either the process or the outcome of international negotiations. This book presents an analytic framework for the systematic and comparative study of NGO diplomacy in international environmental negotiations. Chapters by experts on international environmental policy apply this framework to assess the effect of NGO diplomacy on specific negotiations on environmental and sustainability issues. The proposed analytical framework offers researchers the tools with which to assess whether and how NGO diplomats affect negotiation processes, outcomes, or both, and through comparative analysis the book identifies factors that explain variation in NGO influence, including coordination of strategy, degree of access, institutional overlap, and alliances with key states. The empirical chapters use the framework to evaluate the degree of NGO influence on the first phase of the Kyoto Protocol negotiations on global climate change, the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, negotiations within the International Whaling Commission that resulted in new management procedures and a ban on commercial whaling, and international negotiations on forests involving the United Nations, the International Tropical Timber Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Contributors |
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... procedure for the import of LMOs destined for intentional introduction into the environ- ment.1 This Protocol targets genetically modified ( GM ) seeds , plant ma- terial , and nursery stock intended for planting in fields , gardens ...
... procedure was suggested by Australia , and this procedure can be seen as a compro- mise proposal since the anti - whaling countries were not yet able to get a moratorium adopted ( Bailey 2006 ) . The 1974 procedure proved hard to ...
... procedure from 1974. In 1991 the Revised Management Procedure was adopted by the Scientific Committee . The process revealed that with the application of the revised procedure , cer- tain whale stocks could be harvested commercially ...
Contents
Assessing the Influence of | 19 |
1995 | 43 |
Nonstate Actors and the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety | 67 |
Copyright | |
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NGO Diplomacy: The Influence of Nongovernmental Organizations in ... Michele M. Betsill,Elisabeth Corell No preview available - 2007 |