U.S. GOVERNMENT ANNOUNCES Orders for the publications listed on this page should be addressed as follows: Requests for cost publications should be sent to the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C., enclosing remittance (check or money order) at the time of ordering. Free publications should be ordered directly from the agency issuing them. New U. S. Office of Education Publications Education in Chile. By Cameron D. Ebaugh. Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1945. 123 p. illus. (Bulletin 1945, No. 10.) 25 cents. One of a series of basic studies on education in a number of Central and South American countries, undertaken to promote understanding of educational conditions in the American countries and to encourage cooperation in the field of inter-American education. Contains data gathered by the author in Chile in 1944, supplemented through documentation. Statistics of Public-School Libraries, 1941-42. By Nora E. Beust and Emery M. Foster. Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1945. 54 p. illus. (Volume II, Chapter VIII, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1938-40 and 1940-42.) 15 cents. Data on the status of elementary and secondary public-school libraries during the school year 1941-42. Use of Training Aids in the Armed Services. A Report of the Committee on Military Training Aids and Instructional Materials. Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1945. 34 p. (Bulletin 1945, No. 9.) 10 cents. Some implications for civilian education of the use of aids and devices in the training programs of the armed services. New Publications of Other U. S. Civil Service Commission. Working for the Federal Government. Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1945. (Form 4806) 64 p. 15 cents. 32 Booklet describes employment in the Federal civil service; contains information on how to apply for civil-service jobs; and presents facts about some of the typical jobs. ies free from Children's Bureau as lo as supply lasts. Pamphlet suggests ways in which lead ship and joint action in behalf of children az young people may be developed in the State and local communities. Draws on previo experience in that field. U. S. Department of State. Pop U. S. Department of Agriculture. Relating to the Foreign Relations of United States: Paris Peace Confere 1919. Washington, U. S. Governne Printing Office, 1945. (Publicati 2337) 736 p. $2 buckram. What Peace Can Mean to American Considers how private enterprise may maintain full employment, what types of public experiments are appropriate, and the management of the public debt. U. S. Department of the Interior. Fish and Wildlife Service. Fishery Resources of the United States. (U. S. Senate, 78th Cong. 1st Sess., Document No. 51) Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1945. 135 p. 40 cents. Draws essential facts from the vast amount of statistical, biological, and industrial data regarding the present condition of our national aquatic resources. Describes the extent of our fishery resources, points out how they contribute to our national life, and makes recommendations regarding what must be done to conserve them. U. S. Department of Labor. Children's Bureau. Building the Future for Children and Youth: Next Steps Proposed by the National Commission on Children in Wartime. Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1945. (Publication 310) 59 p. Single copies free from the Children's Bureau as long as supply lasts; or at 15 cents from the Superintendent of Documents. A companion booklet to State and Community Planning for Children and Youth. Facts About Rheu matic Fever. Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1945. (Publication 297) 9 p. Single copies free from Children's Bureau as long as supply lasts. A nontechnical account of a disease which kills more school-age children in the United States than any other. State and Community Planning for Children and Youth: Proposals of the National Commission on Children in Wartime. Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1945. (Publication 312) 21 p. Single cop Answers questions as to how the Amer delegation was organized and how it i tioned. Throws additional light upon the titude of members of the American delega" with respect to economic, political, and ritorial problems before the conference. U. S. Library of Congress. Legs tive Reference Service. Acts of C gress Applicable in Time of Emerys Compiled by Margaret Fennell. W ington, Library of Congress. 14 (Public Affairs Bulletin No. 35) 17 Processed. Distributed free to librar but not to individuals. List contains a brief analysis of those: visions of Federal law which are specific.. applicable in time of emergency, includ war. Photograph Section. Ind Microfilms: Series A. Lots 1-1 Washington, Library of Congress, 1: 26 p. Processed. Single copies a able to persons interested upon appl tion to the Information and Publicat Office, Library of Congress. An alphabetical index to the principal jects of the first 100 reels of microfilm of documentary photographs, includin photographic survey of the American p made between 1935 and 1943 by a staff ( tographers working under the direction C E. Stryker. U. S. National Housing Ag Facts About Homes for Vete Washington, U. S. Government P: ing Office, 1945. 14 p. 5 cents per c or $3.75 per 100 copies. Concise statement about the housing age, the housing available for veterans the home loans under the G. I. Bill of R and about the items to be watched in h or building a home. Housing: A Community! Washington, U. S. Government Pr ing Office, 1945. 11 p. 5 cents. & A brief account of what citizens can make their communities better places living. SCHOOL LIFE, January Page 1 6 6 7 9 NDIAN EDUCATION 9 R Design for Waging Peace EPRESENTATIVES of 44 countries met in London from November 1-16, 1945, to write a constitution for a United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. The following comments on this Conference and its outcomes were written by Harold Benjamin, Director, Division of International Educational Relations, U.S. Office of Education, who served as technical expert of the United States Delegation to the London meeting. More than the United Nations need guns and cruisers, more than they need airplanes and bombs, they need the materials of more perfect union. Such materials are not matters of flame and steel; they are instead products of the mind and spirit. It is here that UNESCO is designed to operate. Basis a Free Flow of Ideas The Constitution of the new organization is printed in full below. It gives a clear statement of the framework within which the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization will work. How that work will be carried on, how much success it will achieve, and how rapidly it will function are all questions for which the Constitution provides no answers. The quality of UNESCO's work will be determined by the kind of support it gets from its member nations and particularly from their educators, scientists, writers, artists, and other intellectual workers. The basis for all UNESCO activity is the promotion of a free flow of infor mation and ideas on all possible levels of understanding, through all available channels, and for the benefit of the greatest number of men. What does this mean specifically in terms of probable activities of the organization? It means that UNESCO must be much more than just a clearinghouse for the exchange of items of scholarly and scientific interest. It must give needed information to the common people, the nonscientists, the nonscholars, the nonliterary men, and all the other representatives of what used to be called "the uninstructed classes." The countries of Western Europe, for example, have had excellent interchange of scientific and scholarly information for generations-except when interrupted by wars. These wars have appeared to occur without regard to scientific and scholarly matters. Wars may once have been started rather exclusively by the captains and the kings; but nowadays they are begun, as they are fought and finished, by the masses of mankind. It is to the masses, therefore, that UNESCO must direct its free flow of information. UNESCO must also use all available channels of instruction and communication to reach the masses of the people. It will deal with exchanges of scholars, teachers, writers, artists, musicians, and scientists. It may operate a university of the United Nations for the promotion of research and instruction on the highest graduate and research levels. Even more pressing and fundamental, however, will be its work of providing ex SCHOOL LIFE Published monthly except August and September Federal Security Administrator WATSON B. MILLER U. S. Commissioner of Education JOHN W. STUDEBAKER The Congress of the United States established the Office of Education in 1867 to "collect such statistics and facts as shall show the condition and progress of education in the several States and Territories;" to "diffuse such information as shall aid in the establishment and maintenance of efficient school systems;" and to "otherwise promote the cause of education throughout the country." SCHOOL LIFE serves toward carrying out these purposes. Its printing is approved by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget. How to Subscribe Subscription orders, with remittance, should be sent to the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Subscription price $1 per year; to foreign countries in which the mailing frank of the United States is not recognized, $1.50. For orders of 100 copies or more to be sent in bulk to one address within the United States, the Superintendent of Documents allows a discount of 25 percent. Subscriptions may also be entered through magazine dealers. Single copies 10 cents. Publication Office U. S. Office of Education, Federal Security Agency, Washington 25, D. C. Editor in Chief-Olga A. Jones. Attention Subscribers If you are a paid-up subscriber to Education for Victory you will receive SCHOOL LIFE until the expiration of your subscription as indicated on the mailing wrapper. During the war, the U. S. Office of Education increased its free mailing lists extensively in order to serve the war effort as widely as possible. It is not possible to continue these extensive free mailing lists for SCHOOL LIFE, but the periodical is available by subscription as indicated above. changes of students on adult education and workers' education levels, of master farmers and homemakers, of tradesmen and industrialists, and indeed of all learners who need international educational experiences. The organization will have many administrative and research jobs thrust upon it. It will be called upon to provide the necessary liaison arrangements to give aid to nations devastated by war in the educational, scientific, and cultural no less than in the industrial and agricultural areas. It will be asked to make studies of deficient educational systems. It will be required to define precisely the educational opportunities which should be given to non-self-governing peoples for the purpose of preparing them for independence within the United Nations; and it will run the risk of being called upon next to take part in the actual administration of the recommended programs of action. The delegates sent from each member country to the conference of UNESCO and the Director General and staff of the organization will have to approach this task with the greatest possible daring and skill in the field of cultural engineering. These people cannot be mere teachers, mere scientists, mere men of letters, mere politicians, or mere citizens of any particular country. They will have to show qualities of mind and courage transcending all these and similar particulars. A Franklin or a Jefferson from the United States, a Galton or a Darwin from the United Kingdom, a Diderot or a Voltaire from France, or the nearest modern equivalent of such men that any country can furnish will not be too elevated an ideal for delegates to approach. People of World Must Work Together The task of UNESCO is a very great task. It must not be attempted with any but first-rate abilities. It is a very extensive task. It must not be attempted with small measures. It is a very significant task. It must not be attempted in an intellectual corner. The peoples of the world must work together on this task with power, sweep, and imagination. They must put into this task a great portion of that strength and gallantry which they have shown again and again in their world-wide wars. None of them can ever again win a war but they can all win a peace which wi give them and their children and the children's children the gracious exper ence of true human brotherhood afte which their fathers and their father fathers have so long vainly yearned.! Constitution of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cul tural Organization The Governments of the States Pa ties to This Constitution on Behalf Their Peoples Declare that since was begin in the minds of men, it is in: minds of men that the defences of pe must be constructed; That ignorance of each other's wa and lives has been a common ca throughout the history of mankind. › that suspicion and mistrust between peoples of the world through whi their differences have all too of broken into war; That the great and terrible war whi has now ended was a war made possit. by the denial of the democratic pr ciples of the dignity, equality and tual respect of men, and by the propag tion, in their place, through ignora and prejudice, of the doctrine of the equality of men and races; That the wide diffusion of cult and the education of humanity for j tice and liberty and peace are indis sable to the dignity of man and co tute a sacred duty which all the nat must fulfill in a spirit of mutual ass ance and concern; That a peace based exclusively the political and economic arral. ments of governments would not le peace which could secure the unanime: lasting and sincere support of the p ples of the world, and that the per must therefore be founded, if it is 1; to fail, upon the intellectual and me solidarity of mankind. For these Reasons, the States partto this Constitution, believing in f and equal opportunities for educati for all, in the unrestricted pursuit objective truth, and in the free exchan of ideas and knowledge, are agreed a determined to develop and to incre the means of communication betwe their peoples and to employ these me for the purposes of mutual understan ing and a truer and more perfect knowl- activity, including the international exedge of each other's lives; In Consequence Whereof they do hereby create the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation for the purpose of advancing, hrough the educational and scientific and cultural relations of the peoples of he world, the objectives of international beace and of the common welfare of nankind for which the United Nations Organisation was established and which ts Charter proclaims. ARTICLE I Purposes and functions 1. The purpose of the Organisation is o contribute to peace and security by romoting collaboration among the naions through education, science and culire in order to further universal respect or justice, for the rule of law and for he human rights and fundamental freeoms which are affirmed for the peoples f the world, without distinction of race, ex, language or religion, by the Charter f the United Nations. 2. To realise this purpose the Organation will: (a) Collaborate in the work of adancing the mutual knowledge and unerstanding of peoples, through all eans of mass communication and to at end recommend such international greements as may be necessary to proote the free flow of ideas by word and age; (b) Give fresh impulse to popular lucation and to the spread of culture: 7 collaborating with Members, at their quests, in the development of educaonal activities; by instituting collabotion among the nations to advance the eal of equality of educational oppornity without regard to race, sex or y distinctions, economic or social; by ggesting educational methods best ited to prepare the children of the orld for the the responsibilities of eedom; (c) Maintain, increase and diffuse owledge: by assuring the conservaon and protection of the world's inhernce of books, works of art and onuments of history and science, and commending to the nations concerned e necessary international conventions; encouraging cooperation among the tions in all branches of intellectual change of persons active in the fields of education, science and culture and the exchange of publications, objects of artistic and scientific interest and other materials of information; by initiating methods of international cooperation calculated to give the people of all countries access to the printed and published materials produced by any of them. 3. With a view to preserving the independence, integrity, and fruitful diversity of the cultures and educational systems of the States Members of this Organisation, the Organisation is prohibited from intervening in matters which are essentially within their domestic jurisdiction. ARTICLE II Membership 1. Membership of the United Nations Organization shall carry with it the right to membership of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation. 2. Subject to the conditions of the agreement between this Organisation and the United Nations Organisation, approved pursuant to Article X of this Constitution, States not members of the United Nations Organisation may be admitted to membership of the Organisation, upon recommendation of the Executive Board, by a two-thirds majority vote of the General Conference. 3. Members of the Organization which are suspended from the exercise of the rights and privileges of membership of the United Nations Organisation shall, upon the request of the latter, be suspended from the rights and privileges of this Organisation. 4. Members of the Organisation Organisation which are expelled from the United Nations Organisation shall automatically cease to be members of this Organisation. ARTICLE III Organs The Organisation shall include a General Conference, an Executive Board and a Secretariat. ARTICLE IV The General Conference 1. The General Conference shall consist of the representatives of the States 2. The General Conference shall determine the policies and the main lines of work of the Organisation. It shall take decisions on programmes drawn up by the Executive Board. 3. The General Conference shall, when it deems it desirable, summon international conferences on education, the sciences and humanities and the dissemination of knowledge. 4. The General Conference shall, in adopting proposals for submission to the Member States, distinguish between recommendations and international con-` ventions submitted for their approval. In the former case a majority vote shall suffice; in the latter case a two-thirds majority shall be required. Each of the Member States shall submit recommendations or conventions to its competent authorities within a period of one year from the close of the session of the General Conference at which they were adopted. ARTICLE V Executive Board A. Composition 1. The Executive Board shall consist of eighteen members elected by the General Conference from among the delegates appointed by the Member States, together with the President of the Conference who shall sit ex officio in an advisory capacity. 2. In electing the members of the Executive Board the General Conference shall endeavour to include persons competent in the arts, the humanities, the sciences, education and the diffusion of ideas, and qualified by their experience and capacity to fulfil the administrative and executive duties of the Board. It shall also have regard to the diversity of cultures and a balanced geographical distribution. Not more than one national of any Member State shall serve on the Board at any one time, the President of the Conference excepted. 3. The elected members of the Executive Board shall serve for a term of three years, and shall be immediately eligible for a second term, but shall not serve consecutively for more than two terms. At the first election eighteen members shall be elected of whom onethird shall retire at the end of the first year and one-third at the end of the second year, the order of retirement being determined immediately after the election by the drawing of lots. Thereafter six members shall be elected each year. 4. In the event of the death or resignation of one of its members, the Executive Board shall appoint, from among the delegates of the Member State concerned, a substitute, who shall serve until the next session of the General Conference which shall elect a member for the remainder of the term. B. Functions 5. The Executive Board, acting under the authority of the General Conference, shall be responsible for the execution of the programme adopted by the Conference and shall prepare its agenda and programme of work. 6. The Executive Board shall recommend to the General Conference the admission of new Members of the Organisation. 7. Subject to decisions of the Gener Conference, the Executive Board shi adopt its own rules of procedure. I shall elect its officers from among members. 8. The Executive Board shall meet regular session at least twice a year ar may meet in special session if convok by the Chairman on his own initiat or upon the request of six members the Board. 9. The Chairman of the Execut Board shall present to the General ( ference, with or without comment, ' annual report of the Director-Gene on the activities of the Organisat which shall have been previously s mitted to the Board. 10. The Executive Board shall all necessary arrangements to corthe representatives of international ganisations or qualified persons cerned with questions within its o petence. 11. The members of the Execu Board shall exercise the powers & gated to them by the General Cont ence on behalf of the Conference r whole and not as representatives of ti respective Governments. ARTICLE VI Secretariat 1. The Secretariat shall consist Director-General and such staff as be required. 2. The Director-General shall be i inated by the Executive Board an pointed by the General Conferenc a period of six years, under such ditions as the Conference may app and shall be eligible for reappoint He shall be the chief administratio ficer of the Organisation. 3. The Director-General, or a de designated by him, shall particip without the right to vote, in all n ings of the General Conference, Executive Board, and of the commit of the Organisation. He shall fer late proposals for appropriate actie: the Conference and the Board. 4. The Director-General shall app the staff of the Secretariat in accor with staff regulations to be appr by the General Conference. Subje the paramount consideration of s ing the highest standards of integ efficiency, and technical competence. |