culum in the common free schools all include forestry. Authorized the State Board to appint a curriculum committee, not to ceed eight members of professional id lay representatives, to make recomendations to the State Board from me to time relative to changes which ould be made in the curriculum (Ch. 78).

Higher Education.-Created a 4-year edical school as a department of the [niversity of Mississippi and outlined lans of its operation (Ch. 442). Created a State Medical Education oard, prescribed its duties, and proided for loans and scholarships to stuents desiring to study medicine-in mounts not to exceed $5,000 to any one udent, to be paid in annual installents not to exceed $1,250 per annum Ch. 436).

Authorized the State University and he colleges of the State to charge an aditional fee or tuition in certain cases, > meet the additional financial burden hat might be placed upon them as a esult of excessive or abnormal enrollents-valid for 5 years (Ch. 193). Authorized agricultural high schools r junior colleges to borrow money for recting and equipping prefabricated ouses on the grounds of such schools Ch. 366).

Provided for the manufacturing of isinfectants and insecticides by the tate and for the sale thereof at cost to tate institutions and political subdivions (Ch. 324).

Veterans Education.-Created a vocaonal and educational revolving fund or the use and benefit of veterans under e GI bill of rights, and provided ethod and procedure for handling the me. Authorized an appropriation of 2,000,000 to promote accommodations, uipment, and supplies for veterans at lucational institutions (Ch. 184). Authorized the Governor to designate

educational institutions to have arge of any facilities provided by the nited States Government or any gency thereof, for aiding and training I veterans under the GI bill of rights; nd to empower such institutions to ecept such facilities (Ch. 249).

Vocational Education.-Provided for e establishment of a State vocational ollege to train Negro teachers for rural

and elementary Negro schools, and to provide vocational training for Negro students (Ch. 327).

School Buildings.-Provided for the granting of State aid in the construction of school buildings in counties and districts where the need therefor shall have been definitely ascertained by a proper survey; authorized the State Building Commission to receive applications for money for such buildings and to prescribe rules under which such grants may be approved (Ch. 250).

Authorized the board of supervisors of any county to levy annually, at its discretion, a tax not to exceed 2 mills on the dollar upon all taxable property of the county situated outside the limits of any separate school district, for the purpose of building and repairing school buildings and purchasing equipment therefor (Ch. 230).

Teachers' Home.-Authorized county boards of education in consolidated school district specified area to issue bond for purchase of a teachers' home (Ch. 445).

Special Education.-Authorized the State Building Commission to provide for the selection of site and the construction of new State schools for the blind and for the deaf (Ch. 374).

Provided educational facilities for patients of educable age being treated at the State Tuberculosis Sanatorium (Ch. 252).

Professions-Authorized any State board of examiners to proceed by injunction to prohibit any person from practicing any profession without a license (Ch. 431).

School Fraternities-Prohibited fraternities, sororities, and secret societies in public high schools and junior colleges. Made it unlawful for any pupil in such schools to become a member of such secret fraternities, declaring them to be "inimical to public free schools" (Ch. 427).

School Business-Authorized county superintendents of education to call special meetings of the county boards of education, on 2 days' written notice, except for certain purposes (Ch. 216).

Defined the method of advertising for competitive bids for the purchase of supplies for public works and public buildings, by boards of school trustees and municipalities (Ch. 375).

Teachers' Salaries-Provided that teachers' salaries may be paid at the same monthly rate for a period of 12 months and that teachers holding firstgrade licenses may be paid not to exceed $250 per month (Ch. 481).

School Indebtedness-Authorized an increase in the maximum indebtedness of school districts from 10 percent to 15 percent of the assessed valuation (Ch. 413).

New Jersey

School Funds.-Established a new method of allocating funds to school districts to equalize school expenditures among districts (Ch. 63).

Referred the question of the distribution of railroad tax money to the various municipalities and counties for study by the State Tax Policy Commission and report to the next legislature (Ch. JR 1).

School Administration.-Authorized the Commissioner of Education to designate one of his assistants to exercise the powers of a county superintendent during disability or vacancy (Ch. 265).

Fixed at $900 the expense account allowed county superintendent of schools (Ch. 29).

Regional High-School Districts.Provided that the control of high-school pupils shall remain in the constituent districts of a newly created regional high-school district until the regional board of education provides suitable school facilities (Ch. 266).

Private Education.-Provided that no educational institution shall use as part of its name the words "New Jersey," "State of New Jersey," or "State" unless maintained by the State (Ch. 289).

Provided for the registration and regulation of private child care centers (Ch. 303).

Education of Veterans.-Expanded the educational facilities of State and local boards of education to provide education for veterans; appropriated $1,297,830 there for (Ch. 64).

Provided for the issuance of "highschool equivalence certificates" to veterans, under certain conditions (Ch. 243).

Junior Colleges.-Permitted boards of education to provide instruction in schools beyond the twelfth grade; pro

oner of Education to release from hool pupils 14 years of age or over, r planting and harvesting work; and pils 16 years of age or over for work milk plants, canning establishments, nd greenhouses, for a period of not to ceed 30 days in any school year (Ch. 7).

Repealed the requirement for a edge of employment or the name of e employer for issuance of a vacation ork permit for employment in farm rvice during summer vacation, and so the requirement that such a permit designated as "special vacation work rmit for farm service"; and provided at a vacation work permit shall not issued for farm service (Ch. 649). Veterans' Education.-Provided that e Education Department, with the apoval of the Director of the Budget, ay enter into a contract with the board trustees of any institution chartered the Regents on a temporary basis meet the emergency created by the resent lack of college facilities, to deay the cost of instruction in higher ucation of veterans of World War II d other students and to meet such her expenses as are not covered by ceipts from Federal, State, or other urces (Ch. 680).

Teachers' Salaries.-Provided that der

no circumstances during the ar 1946-47 may the salary of a teacher less than $1,600 in all school districts ploying at least eight teachers Ch. 795).

Provided that a district superintendt of schools shall receive an annual lary from the State of $3,500 (Ch. 9).

Nursery Schools.-Provided that a ard of education may maintain nur-y schools which shall be free to resint children and may fix the age of mission at 3 years or above (Ch. 891). Scholarships.-Provided $1,200 State r service scholarships for veterans of orld War I or World War II at $350 ear for 4 years' tuition and fees, after mpetitive examination conducted by • Education Department at any colre, university, business, professional, hnical, or trade school located in w York and licensed or approved by - Regents (Ch. 929).

Provided that each university State olarship holder shall be entitled to 50 annually for 4 years (Ch. 930).

(The above chapter also provided that each scholarship for the children of soldiers, sailors, and marines who died while serving in the armed forces, or as a result thereof, shall entitle each holder to $350 tuition a year in any approved college or university within the State, together with an additional sum of $100 a year for maintenance, for a period not exceeding 4 years.)

a

new

Transportation. Added article (4-A) to the school law affecting State aid transportation quota. This law defines the duties of school districts and the rights of pupils. It applies to all school districts which receive a quota for the transportation of pupils (Ch. 943).

Teacher Employment.—Provided that a public employee on a military leave of absence may demand reinstatement within a period of 90 days following termination of his military duty (Ch. 188).

Provided that if maximum age requirements are established by law or rule, by any action of the Civil Service Commission, governing examination, appointment, or promotion to any position in public service, the period of military duty shall not be included in computing the age of such candidate (Ch. 590).

Leave of Absence.-Provided leave of absence for public employees who are veterans of World War II to continue study (Ch. 935).

Rhode Island

Veterans' Education.-The legislature stipulated that, with the approval of the Director of Education, the school committee of any city or town providing special educational opportunities for veterans may set a tuition charge for resident or nonresident veterans and may enter into a contract with the Veterans' Administration to receive such tuition. The school committee of any city or town was also authorized, with the approval of the Director of Education, to establish a technical institute, to offer educational opportunities in the technical fields through the thirteenth and fourteenth years of school, and to charge tuition for same and contract for payment with the Veterans' Administration (Ch. 1790).

Teacher Tenure. The legislature provided a system of continuing contract for teachers after a satisfactory probation period of three successive annual contracts. Thereafter, no teacher may be dismissed "except for good and just cause," stated in writing and delivered to the teacher at least 1 month before the close of the school year. The teacher is entitled to a hearing, may appeal to the State Department of Education, and has the right of further appeal to the superior court (Ch. 1775).

Teacher Retirement.-Provided for increasing the maximum retirement benefits of teachers from $700 to $1,000 per annum (Ch. 1717).

South Carolina

State Aid.-Directed the State Board of Education, in the apportionment of school funds in order to avoid hardships occasioned by dislocation of school population, to waive-for fiscal year 1946-47-the regulations requiring 50, but having not less than 25 enrolled pupils during the fiscal year 1946-47 (Act 606).

School Transportation. Required school bus drivers to cooperate with the teachers in their work, to be prompt in their duties, to be responsible for the conduct of the pupils; and provided that bus drivers may suspend pupils from buses for misconduct (Act 447).

Veterans' Education.-Repealed Section 5707 of State Code, 1942, as amended, relating to free tuition of veterans at colleges and universities (Act 448).

-

Teacher Retirement. Amended retirement system to include the presidents, deans, professors, and employees of any college, university, or educational institution of higher learning, "to the extent that they are compensated by the State." (Formerly they were inIcluded on the same basis as teachers of the general public schools.) Provided also that teachers who have retired after July 1, 1940, and who, at the time of retirement, had taught 35 years or more, shall be eligible for all the retirement. benefits (Act 557). County superintendents of schools are included in the Retirement System (Act 870).

Virginia

State Funds.-The general fund appriated for maintenance of public

schools was increased for the biennium . by approximately $3,500,000. The appropriation act also included $75,000 for education service to veterans, which was a new item (Appropriation Act).

Changed the basis of apportionment of school funds by teacher groups to a new formula providing for equal amounts based on: average daily attendance, funds for equalizing transportation costs, apportionment towards costs of transporting children living beyond the limits set in the compulsory education law, and funds to maintain a minimum educational program in localities unable to provide the same. (Apportionment is governed by rules of the State Board of Education; and provision is made for a minimum salary schedule for teachers.) (Ch. 115).

School Taxes.-Provided for broadening the limits set on the rates of local school levies to not less than 50 cents nor more than $2.50 per $100 valuation. Towns may also make an additional levy for capital outlay (Ch. 65).

Free Textbooks.-Provided a system of free textbooks for the elementary grades with a conditional appropriation of $525,000 therefor for the biennium (Ch. 332).

Local School Administration.—Provided for management of joint schools for counties, or counties and cities, in

accordance with rules of the State Board of Education (Ch. 25).

Authorized the State Board of Education, in lieu of certifying a general list of eligibles for appointment as division superintendents of schools by local school boards, to furnish to a local board, on request, from 5 to 10 eligibles. If no one is acceptable to the local board, then one or more additional lists shall be furnished (Ch. 180).

School Buildings.—Authorized bond issues for erection of schoolhouses and permitted bond issues for other improvements, including the purchase of school buildings or additions and the furnishing or equipping of same; and also including buildings for storage and repair of school buses (Ch. 180).

Amended the code prescribing restrictions on investments of the literary fund, to raise the permissible amount of loans from 85 to 100 percent of the cost of the schoolhouse and site upon which the loan is made (Ch. 337).

School Transportation.-Required school boards to equip school buses with heaters adequate to maintain an inside temperature of 50° F. when there is an outside temperature of 20° and the bus is loaded to one-half capacity (Ch. 155).

Authorized construction on schoolbus routes, by counties and at their expense, shelters, platforms, or other structures for protection and comfort of school children (Ch. 240).

Required the use on school buses of such warning devices as are prescribed by the State Board of Education, to indicate when buses are stopped to take on or discharge children; and provided penalties for failure to comply (Ch. 396).

Nonresident Pupils.-Provided for the payment by the State Board of Education of the costs of educating children, not residents of a locality, placed in foster homes therein by any State or local agency (Ch. 24).

Negro Institutions.-Changed the name of the Virginia State School for Colored Deaf and Blind Children to Virginia State School at Newport News (Ch. 311).

Changed the name of the Virginia College for Negroes to Virginia State College, provided for nomination rather than selection of State students by division superintendent of schools, and omitted the former requirement of 2 years educational work by State students (Ch. 51).

Radio Education.-Directed the State Board of Education to make an educational and engineering study of the advisability of establishing a Statewide frequency modulation radio network for educational purposes, and to report its findings to the Governor and General Assembly as soon as possible (Ch. 329).

Voters Took Action

AMONG outstanding State educational measures approved by the people in the 1946 general election was the adoption of a constitutional amendment in California providing for a minimum annual salary of $2,400 for all regular

teachers.

The people of California also voted to provide a higher level of State aid to local schools than ever before in the

Additional Information on Legislation

The following additional infom is presented with regard to two i tant acts mentioned in former ar Acts of the Seventy-ninth Con relating to education were summa by Dr. Ward W. Keesecker in a fe

issue of SCHOOL LIFE. (See C ber 1946, p. 8; and December pp. 3-5.)

Veterans' Educational Facilities Program

Public Law 697, which imple the Mead bill (S. 2085), assigns tat Commissioner of Education the rest

sibility for making findings of exor impending shortages in no educational institutions of educa facilities, other than housing, for the education or training of s under the GI bill. When nee ascertained, the Federal Works A is authorized, at the request institution, to provide facilities f Federal surpluses which, in the mination of the War Assets Admi tration, are available for such use.

of:

To discharge this responsibility. U. S. Office of Education has set unit in the Division of Higher Ed tion under the direction of Dr. Er V. Hollis. This unit consists of a s central staff in Washington for over supervision of the supervision of the program, and or more educational officers in each of! nine divisional offices of the Fel Works Agency.

Up to December 1946, U. S. Offic Education representatives had rece 1140 Justifications of Need, and