(2) Instruction at home or place, approved by the county board of education, the instruction to be given by persons judged by the county superintendent and the county board of education to be qualified in the subjects they teach. (3) Physical or metal incapacity.

(4) Residence not more than 2 miles from school or school bus route.

(5) Conditions rendering school attendance impossible or hazardous to the life, health, or safety of the child.

(6) Graduation from a standard high school.

(7) Permission to work, subject to obtaining a work permit. A work permit cannot be granted to any youth of normal intelligence who has not completed the eighth grade of school.

(8) Destitution in the home, which is granted only after investigation and recommendation of county attendance director; not allowed after destitution is relieved through public or private means.

(9) Religious instruction upon written request and in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed by county superintendent and approved by county board of education.

The law also provides for the compulsory education of any mentally normal minor over 8 years of age, who is defective in sight or hearing to the extent that he cannot be benefited by instruction in the public sebools, at the West Virginia schools for the deaf and blind. Exemptions from this provision are for private instruction, physical incapacity, and any other reason deemed good and sufficient by the superintendents such schools, with the approval of the State board of education. School reports.-The public-school teachers of each county are required to furnish the county superintendent of schools the names of deaf or blind persons in their respective districts between the ages of 5 and 25 years together with essential information on each person. The county superintendent certifies these to the superintendent of the Kate institutions for the deaf and blind.

Teachers are required to report the name of any parent whose child not complying with the compulsory school attendance law. Nonpublic tools approved for compulsory education purposes are required to nish the county board of education such information and records at may from time to time be requested by the county superintendent, ecially such records as relate to attendance, instruction, and progress pupils enrolled between the ages of 7 and 16 years. Records and forms used by attendance supervisors.-The director of hol attendance serves a written notice on the parents of a child not plying with the compulsory attendance law; files a complaint against. parent before a justice of the peace; requires a properly attested rtificate or an affidavit as to the child's age; files with the county perintendent a monthly statement on his activities, including an temized sum relative to expenses incurred in the performance of his Cuties.

Provisions regarding truancy. The law prescribes that "It shall be the duty of all teachers of one-room schools and all principals of two or more rooms to make prompt reports to the county attendance director, or proper assistant, of all cases of truancy arising within the community served by the schools," reporting on a form prescribed by the State superintendent for the purpose.

WISCONSIN

Appointment of attendance officers.-The law states

In cities of the first class, the school board shall appoint welfare workers or attendance officers, who, when employed, shall have and possess the legal authority and powers of truant officers . . . in other cities such board shall appoint one or more truant officers. In cities of the fourth class, the police officers may be appointed truant officers, and in all towns and villages the sheriff, his undersheriff and deputies shall be the truant officers.

Rules and regulations governing the administration of attendance laws. The law sets down the duties and qualifications of attendance officers, defines their powers, and provides for specific reports of teachers to school superintendents, superintendents to truant officers and the State industrial commission, and from truant officers to the State industrial commission regarding the infractions of the compulsory school law and what disposition of the cases had taken place during the periods involved. The law also gives detailed directions for dealing with truants and gives the truant officers police power in dealing with such delinquents.

Qualifications of attendance officers.-The law requires that in cities of the first class attendance officials shall possess the legal qualifications required for teachers in such cities and, when employed, shall have all the rights and privileges of teachers.

Supervision of attendance officers. No specific provisions beyond the following statement in the law: "Each truant officer shall report each month to the industrial commission the action taken by him in the cases of delinquency reported to him by the superintendent." This implies some supervision by the industrial commission. However, in the main, the supervision of attendance officers is in the hands of chief attendance officers (in cities) or the city superintendents.

Duties of attendance officers.-The law states "In cities of the first class, the school board shall appoint welfare workers or attendance officers who, when employed, shall have and possess legal authority and powers of truant officers."

According to the law, truant officers in all towns may visit factories, workshops, etc., to require the production of work permits for all minors employed and to report unlawful employment to school officials and the industrial commission.

The truant officer has the right to give notice to parents of delinquent children to send children to school and to the teacher who should receive such children. The truant officer shall follow up such notices and in case of failure to comply shall notify the industrial commission and shall also prosecute criminal proceedings against offending parents. Prescribed school attendance.-The law requires school attendance for children from 7 to 14 years of age and between the ages of 14 and 16 unless regularly and lawfully and usefully employed. Exemptions: Children 14 to 16 lawfully and regularly employed; physical and mental condition; children who live more than 21⁄2 miles from the schoolhouse in their district and for whom 'no transportation is furnished by the district; instruction elsewhere than at school provided that such instruction be substantially equivalent to instruction given to children of like ages in the public, parochial, or private school where such children reside.

Also the law provides for part-time compulsory education for children 16 to 18 who are not apprenticed or graduated from high school. School reports. By law the superintendent of schools may require the principals of public schools to report on the names, ages, distance from school, etc., of pupils 7 to 18 years of age. Also, teachers and principals of private schools shall upon demand report the names, ages, and other information about their pupils to the truant officers. Also, by law, each county and city superintendent shall report to the industrial commission and to truant officers each month the names of all children delinquent under the compulsory school law. Also, the truant officer must report each month to the industrial commission the action taken by him in cases of delinquency reported to him by the superintendent.

Records and forms used by attendance officers.-By law the superintendent of schools shall furnish the forms for the reports made by principals to him. The industrial commission furnishes the forms for the superintendent's reports to the truant officers and the industrial commission.

Provisions regarding truancy.-The only special provision regarding truancy is the following quoted from the law:

In prosecution under this section (the compulsory school laws), if the defendant proves that he is unable to comply with the law because of the disobedience of the child in question, it shall be a good defense and such child shall be proceeded against as delinquent.

WYOMING

Appointment of attendance officers.-The law states that "Any district board of the school district in which there is located a city or town of more than 2,500 inhabitants, may appoint a regular truant officer to

carry out the provisions of said sections (i.e., those of the compulsory school law)." The law also provides that the county superintendent shall serve as truant officer.

Rules and regulations governing the administration of attendance laws. The law puts the responsibility for the attendance of children on the parents or other persons having control of children. It provides for attendance officers, for reports on truancy and methods of proceeding against persons violating the compulsory school law.

Qualifications of attendance officers.-None given. In counties, by law, the county superintendent is the county attendance officer. Supervision of attendance officers.-No specified supervision.

Duties of attendance officers.-By law upon notice of truancy by teachers and principals, attendance officers investigate truancy cases and file complaints against parents.

Prescribed school attendance.-The compulsory age limits according to the law are "between the ages of 7 and 16, inclusive, or of any child or children who have not completed the work of the eighth grade and who are mentally capable of doing such work and are not over 16 years of age." Exemptions to the law are: "Invalids or others to whom the schoolroom might be injurious" and "Pupils to whom the provisions of this section might work a hardship may be excused by the written consent of the district board when a request stating the reason for such excuse is presented by the parent or guardian to the district board" and "Pupils who for legal reasons have been excluded from the regular schools and no provisions made for the schooling of such children."

School reports.-The district clerk sends to the county superintendent on the first day of school a list of all children in the district of compulsory school age. Each teacher is required to send to the county superintendent a list of all children enrolled at the end of the first week of school. The county superintendent checks the two lists and investigates any questionable cases or refers them to regular truant officers.

Provisions governing truancy. The law gives the method of proceeding against parents if pupils are absent from school, but does not state any conditions under which the pupils themselves are to be prosecuted.

Records and forms used by attendance officers.-The forms used may be designated by county superintendents.

STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS
CONCERNING CHILD LABOR

ALABAMA

Administration. The law provides that employment and age certificates be issued by local school officials. It further provides that the certificates shall be issued in duplicate, and that a copy of each certificate be transmitted to the State child labor inspector. A monthly report giving the name of each child to whom a certificate has been granted or denied during the preceding month, together with the reasons. for such denial, is to be transmitted to the office of the child labor inspector of the department of industrial relations. In matters pertaining to child labor and education, the State department of industrial relations acts cooperatively on questions of common interest.

Prescription of items included on employment certificates.—The law prescribes in detail the items to be included in the employment certificate. Employment certificates are required for minors between 14 and 17 years of age in any gainful occupation except agriculture or domestic science. The issuance of certificates is dependent on a minimum education qualification, physical fitness and promise of employment in addition to the minimum age requirement.

Enforcement. Every school attendance officer and probation officer 3 required to report to the State child labor inspector any violations of the child labor law. Upon the authorization of the State child labor inspector, the said officers shall have authority to institute prosecution.

ARIZONA

Administration. The law prescribes that "No child under the age of 16 years shall be employed during the hours that the public schools of the district where such child resides are in session unless such child shall present a certificate from the attendance officer of the district, stating that he has been excused from attendance. . . Such certificate all be filed with the county school superintendent, immediately upon. the employment of the child." The law prescribes penalties for its violation. Employment certificate required of children 14 to 16 years of age.