Throughout its 40 years' history there is no resource problem to which the league has devoted more attention and work than that of water pollution. We take pride in the fact that at local, State, and National level the league has done its share and has taken leadership to develop public knowledge about the problem and stimulate concern and action to clean up the Nation's lakes and streams.

The league has long know that water pollution is much more than a threat to public health. Pollution is the greatest waste of the Nation's precious water supply, which waste directly and positively limits progress toward our ultimate goals-in industry, in agriculture, in municipal growth, in recreation opportunity, in wildlife and fisheries-in achieving the highest standard of living for every American. The league has long known that the public pays for pollution one way or the other. The public either pays for clean and unpolluted waters in higher cost of products and services resulting from pollution abatement facilities and processes, in higher taxes for municipal and other public pollution abatement programs; or, it pays in higher costs for treating water for industrial and municipal use, in costs to the public health from polluted water, and most greatly in lost opportunities for industrial and municipal growth, in lost opportunities for fish, wildlife, and water-related recreation of all types.

In other words, Mr. Chairman, we are paying for it in one way or another, and to our way of thinking the cash payment for water is the cheapest possible way we can pay for it.

It seems clear that the public is fast losing patience with the situation. The public demands an end to legthargy, to apathy, and to excuses. The public demands action and a vigorous program which will galvanize to action dynamic leadership at all levels of government to clean up our waters and keep them clean in the future so they may fully meet the needs of an expanding population.

The studies and reports of the Senate Select Committee on Water Resources has most graphically emphasized and underscored the problem and the need for action which the thinking public for a generation has felt in its bones to be economic, social and moral imperative. The National Conference on Water Pollution last December fully demonstrated this to be the truth.

In our considered opinion, H.R. 4036, which would amend and strengthen Public Law 660, has been designed to implement the Federal responsibility in the nationwide action program called for. The Izaak Walton League of America supports the measure.

Section 2 of H.R. 4036 would establish within the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare a Federal Water Pollution Control Administration. This action would give he water pollution program, within the executive branch of Government, a stature comparable to the dimensions of the problem. It would give positive recognition to the fact that we no longer dare consider water pollution as solely a public health problem, and that we must be concerned with the quality of the Nation's water supply itself for all its multiple uses and purposes. We can expect that the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare will direct and achieve the most effective coordination between the Water Pollution Control Administration and the Public Health Service, and with other agencies of Government whether or not in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

Section 3 of the bill provides for an expanded research program, and with the need for such we heartily concur. We do not comment on the number of additional research facilities required, but wonder if most routine laboratory work might not be as efficiently handled through existing commercial laboratories, thus freeing limited scientific personnel for more basic research and training programs.

Section 4 provides for an increase in program grants to the States from $3 million to $5 million annually. We concur in the desirability of this increase, but suspect that a still greater increase may be warranted in view of the overall acceleration of pollution control programs contemplated by the bill.

Section 5 provides for an increase in the total sum which may be granted for construction of a municipal treatment works from $250,000 to $600,000. We believe this is desirable, if the States continue to exert the same good judgment in establishing priorities among applying municipalities.

We agree that municipalities should be encouraged to plan joint water treatment facilities in the interest of greater efficiency of operation. We agree also that unusual allotments should be available for reallocation after a reasonable period.

Section 5 also provides for a substantial increase in the total program and in the funds to be made available each year for assistance to municipalities in the construction of sewage treatment facilities. We concur that such a stepped-up program is essential if the Nation is within the foreseeable future to get on top of the pollution problem.

While operation of Public Law 660 has resulted in splendid progress, the Nation is hardly keeping up with new sources of municipal pollution, let alone making substantial progress against the backlog of a century of inaction.

Section 9 would broaden and strengthen Federal opportunities to assist in the enforcement of pollution control and abatement without displacing the primary responsibilities and authorities of the States. We concur that this is necessary to provide further backing to the States in the exercise of their responsibilities and authorities.

The enforcement construction grant fund, Mr. Chairman, gives tangible evidence that the purposes of pollution abatement enforcement and Public Law 660 as a whole are designed to help get America's water supply in clean and usable shape for all the people's use. The Izaak Walton League of America respectfully urges early and favorable action on H.R. 4036 and appreciates this opportunity to summarize its opinions.

Mr. BLATNIK. Thank you very much, Mr. Penfold.

Mr. PENFOLD. Thank you.

Mr. BLATNIK. Mr. Louis S. Clapper, of the National Wildlife Federation, Washington, D.C. Mr. Clapper, we do appreciate your co

operation in yielding your time.

STATEMENT OF LOUIS S. CLAPPER, CHIEF, DIVISION OF CONSERVATION EDUCATION, NATIONAL WILDLIFE FEDERATION

Mr. CLAPPER. Thank you, sir. Mr. Chairman, the National Wildlife Federation is a private, nonprofit conservation education organization composed of 50 affiliates in 49 States and the District of Columbia. Individuals who constitute the membership of these affiliates

and others who support the National Wildlife Federation number an estimated 2 million, and represent a cross section of the general public. In annual convention here earlier this month, the National Wildlife Federation adopted a seven-point "priority program" listing objectives it considered of major conservation importance. One of these seven major objectives concerned water pollution control. That portion of the resolution reads as follows:

Since increasing demands are being made upon limited supplies, the necessary reuse of water makes pollution control a matter of vital concern to all Americans. Because State and local water pollution control agencies, with only limited resources available, have been and are unable to cope adequately with the overall national water pollution problem, it is viewed as urgent that the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1956 (Public Law 660) be strengthened to include: (a) increased Federal grants to municipalities for accelerated construction of waste treatment facilities; (b) extension of Federal water pollution law enforcement to navigable intrastate waters when invited by appropriate officials of the State so concerned, or when local or State authorities are unable to eliminate pollution; (c) incentives which would stimulate adequate treatment of industrial wastes, including agricultural chemicals, and reduce siltation; and (d) upgrade the Federal water pollution control program within the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, probably to the status of an office or administration, in keeping with its importance to the public.

The National Wildlife Federation, therefore, fully and wholeheartedly endorses and supports H.R. 4036. We hope the committee can see fit to give early, favorable consideration to it.

We were gratified to note that the President specifically urged enactment of H.R. 4036 in his recent message to the Congress on natural resources. As he pointed out so ably, the need for increased Federal construction grants to municipalities is great and the level proposed in H.R. 4036 would go far toward stimulating the $600 million construction goal. Proportionate increases in individual project grants also are necessary. These increased construction grants, together with the loan fund plan, should have additional benefits in stimulating employment in many economically depressed

areas.

The National Conference on Water Pollution, among other things, recommended the adoption of this national credo:

(a) users of water do not have an inherent right to pollute; (b) users of public waters have a responsibility for returning them as nearly clean as is technically possible; and (c) prevention is just as important as control of pollution.

While many polluting municipalities and industries are making real progress in abatement in line with the principles of this credo, others expend little or no effort to be responsible for their wastes. Cases in the last few months indicate a definite need for additional Federal law enforcement authority, extending to intrastate streams. Additional Federal law enforcement authority is one of the most important features of H.R. 4036 in our opinion. We believe adequate protection of States' rights is guaranteed.

Finally, we hope the water pollution control program can be upgraded in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to the status of an administration. We believe pollution abatement is or vital concern for reasons other than public health-industrial, agricultural, and recreational purposes. Indicative that water pollution control has not received proper attention is the fact that activities

are so scattered in the budget for 1962, it is difficult to gain a comprehensive understanding of the program. The primary administering officer of a program of this importance should have direct access to the departmental secretary. He also should be available directly to committees of the Congress.

Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for the opportunity of presenting these views.

Mr. BLATNIK. Thank you, Mr. Clapper, and your organization, for the splendid work you have done in this very important field and for your support of this legislation.

Mr. CLAPPER. Thank you.

Mr. BLATNIK. Mr. Michael Nadel of the Wilderness Society, Washington, D.C. Mr. Nadel, we welcome you again to this committee with pleasure, and to you, too, we express our thanks for cooperating and yielding your time to accommodate the rather large list of witnesses we had this morning.

STATEMENT OF MICHAEL NADEL, ASSISTANT EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, THE WILDERNESS SOCIETY, WASHINGTON, D.C.

Mr. NADEL. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I welcome the opportunity of presenting this brief statement in support of the measure before you, which would provide for "a more effective program of water pollution control."

My name is Michael Nadel. I am assistant executive secretary of the Wilderness Society, a national, not-for-profit conservation organization, with members in all 50 States. Our headquarters are here in Washington, D.C., at 2144 P Street NW.

Mr. Chairman, it is still possible, where wilderness has been preserved, to find water in its refreshing and uncommitted purity. There we knew the balm of enjoying it in its crystalline essence, in all its discovered vitality, in its stimulus to the palate and body, and to the esthetic instinct.

When there was much more wilderness, in our early history, we hacked out our villages, as indeed it seemed necessary; expanded into cities; and eventually we multiplied the violations of natural environment. This seemed inevitable and proper planning and controls should have seemed inevitable, too.

A concomitant of our tremendous expansion, present and foreseeable, makes planning for wholesome water on a national basis both desirable and logical.

Our rivers are running sewers indeed. Our rapidly expanding communities and regions are unable or unwilling to face the cost, in effort or dollars, to reverse the tide of water pollution. One community adds to the burden of another downstream. The downstream community succumbs to acquiescence in its bath of filth, and in its turn passes some of it on.

Communities which are immersed in the backwaters of pollution and contamination, encourage stresses and strains that fray our social and cultural structure.

The natural swimming hole disappears. Quality fishing dies. The uplifting beauty of clean streams, lakes, and shores is tarnished. A drink of water becomes a chlorine cocktail. Economic values fade. Our culture is debased.

Every town and city board, every industry, and every citizen, knows this. We teach children about this-at least in conservation education theory. Yet responsible groups have not taken adequate advantage of opportunities that would help to alleviate, in a measurable way, this blight of civilization.

The Nation faces a moral imperative to stem the contamination, and to stamp it out, because not all communities can, or will, face up to the challenge.

In our judgment, H.R. 4036 is designed to catch the conscience of the Nation, and to implement this by a program of desirable procedures and necessary aid for corrective action.

In your synopsis of your bill, Mr. Blatnik, as reported in the proceedings of the 1960 National Conference on Water Pollution, you noted that it calls for greater Federal research, expanded Federal enforcement jurisdiction, stepped-up Federal aid to communities for the construction of water-treatment plants, extended Federal grants-in-aid for State pollution control activities, and establishment of an independent agency in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to handle Federal water pollution programs and activities.

We believe that this imaginative proposal measures off the lines to a goal of better social, cultural, and economic health.

In conclusion, Mr. Chairman, I am privileged to say that the Committee of One Hundred on the Federal City has asked to join the Wilderness Society in support of H.R. 4036, and wishes to go on record to this effect. I appreciate the opportunity you have afforded for expressing these views.

Mr. BLATNIK. Thank you very much, Mr. Nadel. Our last witness is Mr. Robert M. Paul, executive secretary of the Sport Fishing Institute, Washington, D.C. Mr. Paul has had considerable experience in the field of water utilization and conservation in addition to his service with the Sport Fishing Institute. We welcome you here and we do, too, appreciate your yielding your time and standing by patiently for many, many hours to accommodate a long list of wit

nesses.

STATEMENT OF ROBERT M. PAUL, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, SPORT FISHING INSTITUTE

Mr. PAUL. Mr. Chairman, I can truthfully say it was a pleasure. I do not know of any testimony I would rather hear than the testimony before the committee favoring the passage of this bill and promoting a national water pollution control program.

Mr. Chairman, I am Robert M. Paul, executive secretary, Sport Fishing Institute, Washington, D.C. The Sport Fishing Institute is a private, nonprofit scientific and educational fish conservation organization staffed by professional conservationists. It draws its chief financial support from a broad representation of manufacturers in the outdoor recreational industries dependent directly or indirectly upon the sport fishery resource.

Our membership includes 170 manufacturers of fishing tackle, outboard boats, motors, sporting goods, and chemical metal, paper, and petroleum products that are used in some way by the 28 million or more Americans who look regularly to sport fishing for their chief