for the task of making the benefits readily available to eligible students, regardless of the auspices of the school which they attended. There is no doubt that differences in the personalities of officials involved, differences in individual understandings of the intent of ESEA, and differences in perceptions of the needs of educationally deprived children combined to generate a spectrum of projects which varied greatly in the cost per participant and in the degree of involvement of children from nonpublic schools. It could hardly have been otherwise in the first year of an operation which had all the characteristics of a "crash" program.

The operation of title I during its first year was inevitably characterized by misunderstanding, inefficiency, and uncertainty. Its most valuable service during fiscal year 1966 was perhaps to indicate the barriers to effective communication and cooperation between the public and private schools of the Nation which must be hurdled if the full promise of ESEA is to be realized. The impact of title I on nonpublic schools during the period with which this study is concerned was largely in terms of identifying and isolating problems, internal and external, which need attention. To have achieved that is to have done much.

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Amount expended-The total cost of all title I programs within a single State, or within an LEA.

Diocesan director of Government programs-An official employed by the diocesan school system who has the primary responsibility for administering all Government programs operating in the diocese.

Diocesan school system-A Roman Catholic educational agency which consists of elementary and secondary schools located within the territorial jurisdiction of a bishop.

Dual enrollment-An arrangement whereby a child regularly and concurrently attends a public school part time and a nonpublic school part time pursuing part of his studies under the control of the public school and the remaining part under the direction and control of the nonpublic school.

Duplicated count-The total number of children participating in all projects. Educationally deprived children-Those children in a particular school district who have the greatest need for special educational assistance in order that their level of educational attainment may be raised to that appropriate for children of their age.

Eligible children-Children within a school district, aged 5 to 17, from families with an annual income of less than $2,000, as shown in the 1960 census. This lowincome formula identified the attendance area to be served. Educational deprivation determined who may participate in the project.

ESEA-Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965.

Expenditure per participant-The total amount of funds expended on the title I program divided by the total number of children participating in the title I program.

Field survey coordinator-An individual employed by the Boston College ESEA title I project, who compiled information and conducted interviews in selected sample communities.

Fiscal year 1966-July 1, 1965 to June 30, 1966.

LEA-Local educational agency under the leadership of the local public school district.

LEA title I coordinator-An official of the local school district entrusted with the primary responsibility of administering title I.

Maximum basic grant-The total amount of funds which the U.S. Commissioner of Education authorizes to each State for grants to local educational agencies for each of the 3 years beginning July 1, 1965.

Nonpublic school-A school established by an agency other than the State, subdivisions of the State, or the Federal Government, which is supported by other than public funds, and the operation of whose program rests with other than publicly elected or appointed officials.

Non-school participants-Preschool children and/or dropouts from elementary or secondary schools.

Participant ratio-A method of expressing the relationship between the number of eligible children and the total number of participants in fiscal year 1966 title I programs.

Program-The aggregate of individual title I projects within the local school

district.

Project applications—A proposal to the SEA for participation in title I, ESEA, incorporating a set of related services and activities designed to help meet the special educational needs of educationally deprived children.

Project area-That sector of the target area for which some specific need has been identified; a project application written, approved, and implemented.

Public school-A school established by publicly appointed or elected school officials in which the programs and activities are under the control of these officials and which is supported by public funds.

SEA-State educational agency under the leadership of the State superintendent of schools or State commissioner of education.

SEA title I director-An official of the State department of education entrusted with the primary responsibility for administering title I on a statewide basis.

Shared facilities-An arrangement which could be interpreted in one of two ways: (1) public school buildings, sites, or equipment regularly used without rental fee by non-public-school pupils who are under the immediate supervision and control of non-public-school officials, or (2) non-public-school buildings, sites, or equipment regularly used without rental fee by public school pupils who are under the immediate supervision and control of public school officials. Shared services-An arrangement whereby specialists are employed by the public school system to render services on a part-time basis to eligible non-publicschool children.

Shared time-An ambiguous term which has been avoided because it has often been confused with the terms "dual enrollment," "shared facilities," and "released time."

State interim report-A preliminary survey indicating the initial progress of title I, activities which SEA's submitted to the USOE, in December 1965.

Target area-A geographic portion of an LEA district where there are high concentrations of educationally deprived children from low income families. Unduplicated count-The total number of children participating in all projects less the number of children deducted from double counting.

USOE-U.S. Office of Education.

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