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COMBATING TERRORISM: A PROLIFERATION OF

STRATEGIES

HEARING

BEFORE THE

LIBRARY OF
JAN 14 2004

SUBCOMMITTEE ON NATIONAL SECURITY,
EMERGING THREATS AND INTERNATIONAL
RELATIONS

OF THE

COMMITTEE ON

GOVERNMENT REFORM

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH CONGRESS

FIRST SESSION

NGRESS

MARCH 3, 2003

Serial No. 108-20

Printed for the use of the Committee on Government Reform

Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpo.gov/congress/house http://www.house.gov/reform

87-702 PDF

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WASHINGTON: 2003

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COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT REFORM

DAN BURTON, Indiana

TOM DAVIS, Virginia, Chairman

CHRISTOPHER SHAYS, Connecticut
ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida
JOHN M. MCHUGH, New York
JOHN L. MICA, Florida
MARK E. SOUDER, Indiana
STEVEN C. LATOURETTE, Ohio
DOUG OSE, California

RON LEWIS, Kentucky

JO ANN DAVIS, Virginia

TODD RUSSELL PLATTS, Pennsylvania
CHRIS CANNON, Utah

ADAM H. PUTNAM, Florida
EDWARD L. SCHROCK, Virginia

JOHN J. DUNCAN, JR., Tennessee
JOHN SULLIVAN, Oklahoma
NATHAN DEAL, Georgia

CANDICE S. MILLER, Michigan
TIM MURPHY, Pennsylvania
MICHAEL R. TURNER, Ohio
JOHN R. CARTER, Texas

WILLIAM J. JANKLOW, South Dakota
MARSHA BLACKBURN, Tennessee

HENRY A. WAXMAN, California
TOM LANTOS, California
MAJOR R. OWENS, New York
EDOLPHUS TOWNS, New York
PAUL E. KANJORSKI, Pennsylvania
CAROLYN B. MALONEY, New York
ELIJAH E. CUMMINGS, Maryland
DENNIS J. KUCINICH, Ohio
DANNY K. DAVIS, Illinois

JOHN F. TIERNEY, Massachusetts
WM. LACY CLAY, Missouri

DIANE E. WATSON, California

STEPHEN F. LYNCH, Massachusetts

CHRIS VAN HOLLEN, Maryland

LINDA T. SANCHEZ, California

C.A. "DUTCH" RUPPERSBERGER, Maryland ELEANOR HOLMES NORTON, District of Columbia

JIM COOPER, Tennessee

CHRIS BELL, Texas

BERNARD SANDERS, Vermont (Independent)

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CONTENTS

Decker, Raymond, Director, Defense Capabilities and Management Team,
U.S. General Accounting Office, prepared statement of

Gilmore, James S., III, chairman, Advisory Panel to Assess the Domestic

Response Capabilities for Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass De-

struction, prepared statement of

15

Krepinevich, Andrew F., executive director, Center for Strategic and
Budgetary Assessments, prepared statement of

148

Kucinich, Hon. Dennis J., a Representative in Congress from the State
of Ohio, prepared statement of

7

Newhouse, John, senior fellow, Center for Defense Information, prepared

statement of.

O'Hanlon, Michael E., senior fellow, foreign policy studies, the Sydney
Stein, Jr. Chair, the Brookings Institution, prepared statement of
Shays, Hon. Christopher, a Representative in Congress from the State
of Connecticut, prepared statement of

102

3

COMBATING TERRORISM: A PROLIFERATION

OF STRATEGIES

MONDAY, MARCH 3, 2003

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,

SUBCOMMITTEE ON NATIONAL SECURITY, EMERGING

THREATS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS,

COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT REFORM,

Washington, DC.

The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 1 p.m., in room 2154, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Christopher Shays (chairman of the subcommittee) presiding.

Present: Representatives Shays, Turner, Murphy, Janklow, Kucinich, and Bell.

Staff present: Lawrence Halloran, staff director and counsel; R. Nicholas Palarino, Ph.D., senior policy advisor; Thomas Costa, professional staff member; Robert A. Briggs, clerk; Mackenzie Eaglen, fellow; David Rapallo, minority counsel; and Jean Gosa, minority assistant clerk.

Mr. SHAYS. A quorum being present, the Subcommittee on National Security, Emerging Threats and International Relations hearing entitled, "Combating Terrorism: A Proliferation of Strategies," is called to order.

Almost 2 years before the attacks of September 11, 2001, the Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction, far more widely and succinctly known as the Gilmore Commission, concluded the United States lacked a coherent, functional national strategy to guide disparate counterterrorism efforts. In testimony before the subcommittee on March 26, 2001, the Commission's vice chairman said, "a truly comprehensive national strategy will contain a high-level statement of national objectives coupled logically to a statement of the means used to achieve these objectives.'

The Bush administration inherited a loose collection of Presidential directives and law enforcement planning documents used as a strategic framework, but that fragile construct collapsed with the World Trade Center on September 11th. The brutal nature of the terrorist threat shattered naive assumptions terrorists would be deterred by geographic, political, or moral borders.

A new strategic paradigm was needed. Containment, deterrence, reaction and mutually assured destruction no longer served to protect the fundamental security interest of the American people. The threat demands detection, prevention, and a proactive, preemptive approach to self-defense.

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