making the stay of their visiting colleagues agree- Chapter VII able. A full description of the celebration of the anniversary of American Independence on July 4, at Delft, will be found in the Appendix, together with the addresses delivered on that occasion. The present writer ventures to hope that the remembrance of this festival will not be the least pleasant among the recollections of the members from other countries. shown by The Conference took a recess from July 7 to 17, Recess. for the purpose of giving the various delegations an opportunity of consulting their Governments, especially with reference to the Arbitration Treaty. On The interest the part of the Japanese Delegation, this involved Japan. cabling the entire text of the Treaty to Tokio, the cost of the cablegram, according to information. received, being 35,000 francs. This incident is here referred to as an illustration of the care with which the work was done, and the seriousness with which it was regarded. It may also serve to illustrate the completeness with which the great and enterprising Empire of the far East entered into judicial relations with the rest of the civilized world. In view of later events in China, it should also be The Chinese remarked that the distinguished Chinese delegate and his associates followed the discussions most carefully, as was stated to the Conference on July 27 by Lou Tseng Tsiang. China did not, however, ratify the Treaty on the Laws and Customs of War. The distinguished first Chinese delegate, Yang Yu, was the author of two mots, which deserve to be attitude. Yang Yu. Chapter VII included in this record. After a session of the ArbiTwo mots by tration Committee devoted to apparently fruitless debate, Yang Yu, in descending the steps of the House in the Wood with one of the American delegates, pointed back to the meeting room, and sadly but smilingly shaking his head remarked, "Too much talkee-talkee, too little doee-doee." It may confidently be assumed that the report of this bit of Oriental philosophy, as applied to the progress of the Conference up to that date, had considerable effect in thereafter accelerating the progress of the debates, and in bringing about an agreement. When the articles concerning Mediation were translated and explained to Yang Yu, he thoughtfully but solemnly nodded his assent, but remarked that the articles seemed incomplete, in that they ought to provide that the mediating Power should not " charge too high a price for its services in the cause of humanity." When it is remembered that the Chinese diplomat was speaking to a continental delegate, a mischievous twinkle of his eye may be imagined, as he made this allusion to the various compensations in the way of harbors and territory, which the celestial empire was obliged to pay for the mediation of the Western Powers at the end of the Japanese-Chinese war.1 Addresses and communications. At an early session of the Conference, a committee, consisting of Jonkheer van Karnebeek, M. Mérey de Kapos-Mére of Austria-Hungary, M. Eyschen of Luxemburg, M. de Basily of Russia, and M. Roth of Swit 1 Another record in lighter vein may be permitted, being a copy of the menu of the farewell dinner of the Comité d'Examen. The origi It zerland, was appointed to examine and report upon Chapter VII the communications which had been received, addressed to the Conference from outside sources. may well be imagined that the number of these communications was very great. They consisted of addresses, letters, and cablegrams, most of them containing an expression of the wishes of the senders for the success of the Conference. Furthermore, a great number of societies favoring disarmament, arbitration, or peace in general sent pamphlets or nal was illustrated with a characteristic drawing by the chairman, M. Bourgeois, and read as follows: July 25, 1899 HOTEL D'ORANGE PROCÈS-VERBAL (TRES CONFIDENTIEL) Conflit de Hors d'oeuvres Potage médiation Consommé Protocol final Liste d'artichauds, sauce facultative Revision de pêches sans appel Bombes glacées Litige de pâtisseries Dessert amical Vin obligatoire Chapter VII books, many of them containing plans for an international court of arbitration, or for an agreement for disarmament or a limitation of armaments. Pamphlets and projects. Most of these pamphlets were also addressed to the individual members of the Conference, and while many of them were wholly impracticable and absurd in their notions,' an acknowledgment is certainly due to the senders of some of the others, for the real assistance which their work afforded to the members of the Conference. This is more especially true of the book entitled "International Tribunals, a Collection of the various schemes which have been propounded and of instances, since 1815," by W. Evans Darby, LL. D., Secretary of the Peace Society, and published by the Peace Society of London. This book was found to be of great practical use by the members of the Comité d'Examen, and it will continue to be extremely valuable to students of International Law, who may hereafter compare the schemes therein set forth with the treaty adopted by the Conference. The plan for an International Tribunal, carefully elaborated by a committee of the New York State Bar Association, which consisted of Messrs. W. Martin Jones, William D. Veeder, and Edward G. Whitaker, was almost identical with the plan proposed on behalf of the American Government, and was distributed, together with a memorial A plan for a governmental Insurance Company to underwrite losses sustained in any war declared to be "just" by the directors of the Company; and a proposition to elect Prince Eitel Friedrich, the second son of the German Emperor, king of France, in the interests of peace, may be cited as representative examples. and various other papers, to all members of the Chapter VII Conference. tions to the American It may be added that the American Commission Communicareceived a very large number of telegrams and letters expressing sympathy and good wishes, and emanating from the most diverse sources. Every one of these messages was gratefully acknowledged, and their reception not only upheld the hands of the American Commission, but also made a more or less profound impression upon the members of the Conference from other countries, who regarded the interest of the great New World Power of the West in the cause of peace and arbitration, as a most significant and important sign of the times. Besides all of these communications, appertaining to the proper work of the Conference, the latter was, naturally, perhaps, flooded with appeals and propositions not in the least germane to its object. In many cases written or printed appeals were followed up by the appearance of representatives or delegations from nearly every oppressed nationality of the world. The Poles, Finns, Armenians, Macedonians, and Appeals of Young Turks- to mention no others- sent repre-nationalities. sentatives asking for action on the part of the Conference in behalf of their fellow citizens, and basing their arguments upon very simple logic. Peace, they one and all declared, was not permanently possible without justice; and justice, they protested, would not be completely established until their own particular aspirations had been satisfied. Several of them endeavored to emphasize their requests by the oppressed |