movement along the bend in the river inside the piers. The bottom was deeply scoured, leaving much of the front piling without support in the bottom, making necessary immediate measures to secure it. Arrangements had already been made for extensive repairs to the work, and these are still in hand. . The new 100 by 30 foot crib under contract was completed September, 1892, and in December further contract was made for 350 feet of north pier and 200 feet of the south pier. Work began in May, but progress has been slow. In addition to completing the pier, extensive repairs to the old work are required. The estimate for 1895 is, to complete both piers, $35,000; to extend the north revetment upstream, $15,000; for rebuilding, repairing, refilling, etc., old work, $42,000; for dredging, sand fencing, and shrub planting, $12,000; total, with contingencies, $115,000. July 1, 1892, balance unexpended..... Amount appropriated by act approved July 13, 1892. $20,125.33 90,000.00 June 30, 1893, amount expended during fiscal year... 110, 125. 33 33,959.38 July 1, 1893, balance unexpended July 1, 1893, outstanding liabilities... 76, 165.95 $830.91 July 1, 1893, amount covered by uncompleted contracts..... July 1, 1893, balance available...... 16, 733. 09 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1895 115, 000. 00 Submitted in compliance with requirements of sections 2 of river and harbor acts of 1866 and 1867 and of sundry civil act of March 3, 1893. (See Appendix M M 7.) 8. Muskegon Harbor, Michigan.-Muskegon is the largest of the interior lakes which are scattered along the east shore of Lake Michigan. The river of the same name discharges through it, and the city of Muskegon, with a population of over 30,000, is built on its shores. With these advantages, three lines of railway, and numerous steamers, the harbor is an important one and its commerce large. The entrance was originally deepened, at private cost, to about 7 feet. The project of 1866, amended in 1869, 1873, 1881, and 1884, called for a 13-foot channel with an entrance width of 300 feet. The revision of 1890 was to close a gap in the north pier and that of 1892 to deepen the navagation to 15 feet, through from lake to lake, and extend both piers 800 feet. With the increasing draft of lake vessels, the necessity becomes the greater to maintain a safe navigable depth at the entrances to all the important harbors if the needs of commerce are to be met. For this purpose the piers must reach a depth in the lake greater than that to be maintained between them, the banks of the channel inside the piers should be revetted to prevent inflow of sand to the channel, and from time to time dredging is necessary to remove shoals due to drift from the lake shores and bed. The total expenditures to July 1, 1892, were $317,796.53. The piers are respectively 1,544 and 1,180 feet in length and need 800 feet to complete them, of which 250 and 300 feet are now under contract, leaving 550 and 500 feet to be appropriated for. The expenditures for the fiscal year were $15,567.17. The navigation has been fairly maintained, but at the end of April, 1893, there was only 11.8 feet near the entrance, and dredging was imperative. The United States plant being engaged elsewhere, a con tractor's dredge was employed, and, beginning work May 18, by June 30 had removed 13,855 cubic yards, making a cut 1,000 feet long, 75 feet wide, to a depth of 18 feet. The work will be completed early in July. Repairs to the revetments were made October to December, 1892, and the work should be continued. During June, 1893, three of the contract cribs were sunk in place, two on the north and one on the south pier, leaving three more to be placed. The estimate for 1895 is for pier extension, to complete the project, $126,000; and for stone filling, sheet piling, repairs, and dredging, $13,520, which with contingencies makes $154,000. July 1, 1893, amount covered by uncompleted contracts.. 54, 014. 14 54,637.64 July 1, 1893, balance available..... 15,998.66 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1895 154, 000. 00 Submitted in compliance with requirements of sections 2 of river and harbor acts of 1866 and 1867 and of sundry civil act of March 3, 1893. (See Appendix M M 8.) 9. White Lake Harbor, Michigan.-White Lake is a broad and capacious body of water, the outlet of which was originally improved at local expense to about 5 feet. The project of 1866 is to increase this to 12 feet, with an entrance width between piers and revetments of 200 feet. The full depth proposed has never been attained. The piers lack 200 and 250 feet respectively of the projected length, and to reach the 15-foot contour should extend about as far again. The outer crib of the south pier has for some years been settling into the lake, and a new crib outside is required to sustain it. Large amounts of sand pass around the end of the north pier, which terminates at about the 8-foot contour in the lake, and repeated dredging is needed to remove the deposits in the entrance. The pier should be extended to its full length, but only 150 feet is estimated for at this time. The expenditures to July 1, 1892, were $262,914.18, and for the fiscal year, $9,241.45. The extensive repairs to piers and revetments, begun in June, 1892, were continued until the end of November, closing gaps, refilling piers, renewing decking, sheet piling to prevent seepage of sand into the channel, and rebuilding rotten superstructure. A considerable further amount of repairing is needed, as some of the work over twenty years old is approaching its limit of endurance. In May, 1893, there was but 10.5 feet in the entrance channel, and a dredge will be sent there. The balance unexpended July 1, 1893, is held for necessary dredging and minor repairs. The estimate for 1895 is for 150 feet of new north pier and 100 feet of new south pier, $28,000; for rebuilding 367 feet of south pier above water, $3,670; total, with contingencies, $35,000. Amount (estimated) required for completion of existing project.... Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1895 35,000.00 Submitted in compliance with requirements of sections 2 of river and harbor acts of 1866 and 1867 and of sundry civil act of March 3, 1893. (See Appendix M M 9.) 10. Pentwater Harbor, Michigan.-Pentwater is one of the smaller of the interior lakes along the west Michigan coast, and its entrance was originally a mere drain, later improved to about 4 feet by slab piers built by private interests. The project of 1866, amended in 1873 and 1884, calls for 12 feet depth between piers and revetments 150 feet apart. The south pier still lacks 200 feet of its projected length and should be completed, as the outer ends of the piers only reach the 10-foot contour in the lake, and the 15-foot contour is 400 feet farther out. Meanwhile the navigation is kept at about 10 feet by occasional dredging. The total expenditure to July 1, 1892, was $231,393.89, and for the fiscal year $973.38. In July, 1892, the channel depth had diminished to 9 feet and was restored in July and August by a cut 40 feet wide, 15 to 16 feet deep, reaching from 13 feet inside to deeper water at the ends of the piers. The material removed measured 11,674 cubic yards. By November the entrance had again shoaled to 10 feet, but this held during the winter and in May, 1893, was 11.3 feet, the lake having risen a foot or more, The balance unexpended July 1, 1893, is reserved for necessary dredging and minor repairs. Much of the older work is badly dilapidated, and especially the inner revetments which are in urgent need of repair. The estimate for 1895 is for 200 feet of south pier to complete the project, $24,000; for rebuilding and refilling with stone 1,557 feet of old revetment, $15,570; for dredging, $3,000, making, with contingencies, $45,000, Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1895 45,000.00 Submitted in compliance with requirements of sections 2 of river and harbor acts of 1866 and 1867 and of sundry civil act of March 3, 1893. (See Appendix M M 10.) 11. Eudington Harbor, Michigan.-Ludington is a terminal of the Flint and Pere Marquette Railway, and steamer service is maintained throughout the year, with heavy shipments of salt and receipts of flour and wheat. The inner harbor is Pere Marquette Lake, on which the city is built. The natural outlet had about 6 feet of water. The project of 1867 called for 12 feet, with an entrance width between piers and revetments of 200 feet. In 1885, the scope of the project was enlarged in order to create a "harbor of refuge" for general lake commerce, with width of 400 feet and channel depth of 18 feet. In 1890, however, local circumstances indicated a preferable retention of the original width. The harbor works, as completed in 1890, have a total length of 1,450 and 2,300 feet, respectively, the south pier being 350 feet the longer; while generally in good and effective condition much of the older work is in need of repair. With occasional dredging to remove deposits between the piers, a satisfactory navigation of from 14 to 16 feet is maintained. The total expenditures to July 1, 1892, were $349,216.57 and for the fiscal year, $758.44. The channel depth continued at about 14.5 feet during the season of 1892. In November, 13.6 feet was found, but in June, 1893, the least channel depth was 14.5 feet, the lake having risen a foot. The dredge began work June 25 to widen and deepen the fairway and by July 1 had taken out 4,858 cubic yards. The stone filling in the outer portion of the south pier having settled considerably, provision was made for refilling it. The cribs are provided with partly open bottoms, in order that as erosion of the lake bed may take place from the action of the waves and currents the stone ballast shall pass down and maintain the solidity of the work upon the aggregate mass of which its service and security depend. The estimate for 1895 is as follows: Rebuilding two sections of north pier, $8,470, and two sections of south pier, $13,100; general repairs and filling, $5,000; dredging, $4,000; which, with contingencies, makes $34,000. Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1895 34,000.00 Submitted in compliance with requirements of sections 2 of river and harbor acts of 1866 and 1867 and of sundry civil act of March 3, 1893. (See Appendix M M 11.) 12. Manistee Harbor, Michigan.-The commerce of Manistee is large and is maintained throughout the year, the Flint and Pere Marquette Railway Company having a terminal here, as well as at Ludington, and the salt and lumber shipments are heavy. Manistee River enters the lake of same name and thence flows to Lake Michigan about 8,000 feet distant. As originally deepened by lumber industries, the entrance had 7 or 8 feet of water. The project of 1867, revised in 1871, 1873, and 1875, called for 12 feet between piers 180 feet apart. As again revised in 1890, the depth was to be increased to 15 feet and the improvement to extend through the river from lake to lake, the natural depth being from 10 to 11 feet only. The work was done in 1891, but in May, 1892, the river channel had shoaled to 13 feet, owing to the narrowness of the stream, the unprotected state of the banks, and the large number of vessels passing. The act of July 13, 1892, took cognizance of this and provided that further dredging in the river should be contingent on proper bank protection. The entrance piers have a length of 1,251 feet and 1,129 feet, respectively, with 350 feet of extension required for each. Much of the older work is in need of repair. The total expenditures to July, 1892, were $222,669.31, and for the fiscal year $9,440.84. The outer north cribs, needing ballast, were refilled and riprapped. Contract was made December, 1892, for 350 feet of pier on the north side to complete it. The work is in progress and will be completed this season, the first crib having been sunk June 23. In May, 1893, repairs were begun on the portions of older work most in need of them, and continued to the end of the year, cutting down and rebuilding, overhauling, filling, removing broken timber and closing gaps. The navigation was fairly good during 1892, but this spring further dredging was required, which was done in May and June, making a cut 60 feet wide and 18 feet deep for a distance of 980 feet. Between the piers a 13-foot shoal was deepened to 18 feet with a width of 80 feet. The total amount dredged was 24,970 cubic yards. The south pier should be completed by building an additional 350 feet and the repairs continued. The estimate for 1895 is: To complete the south pier, $42,000; for repairs and sheet piling, $9,300, and for dredging, $4,000; total, with contingencies, $61,000. July 1, 1893, amount covered by uncompleted contracts... 29, 863. 34 31, 335.36 July 1, 1893, balance available..... 14,554. 49 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1895 Submitted in compliance with requirements of sections 2 of river and harbor acts of 1866 and 1867 and of sundry civil act of March 3, 1893. (See Appendix M M 12.) 61,000.00 13. Harbor of refuge at Portage Lake, Manistee County, Mich.-There is but one harbor of refuge on the eastern shore of Lake Michigan, that at Grand Haven, and another is needed in the north middle section of the lake. Portage Lake was adopted in 1879 as a favorable location and the project of that date, modified in 1880 and 1881, provided for an entrance depth of 18 feet and width of 370. The appropriations made for this purpose have been so disproportionate that no practical result has been attained. The entrance is choked with sand and the half-built piers are almost in ruins. The navigable depth is only from 7 to 9 feet. The total expenditures to July 1, 1892, were $95,055.92, and for the fiscal year, $1,558.69. The entrance was dredged in June, 1892, to 13 feet, which gradually diminished to 84 feet at the end of the season. June, 1893, the depth was 8.8 feet. |