H.C. 1907. I. 24 (n), 165; parties agree to furnish evidence, H.C. 1899. I. 12, 28; H.C. 1907. I. 23 (n), 164; par- ties may have agents or counsel, H.C. 1907. I. 14 (n), 161; parties must both be heard, H.C. 1907. I. 19 (n), 163; parties must communicate statement of facts to each other, H.C. 1907. I. 19 (n), 163; registry, functions of, H.C. 1907. I. 16 (n), 162; registry, inter- national bureau acts as, H.C. 1907. I. 15 (n), 162; report is limited to state- ment of facts, H.C. 1899. I. 14, 28; H.C. 1907. I. 35, 168; report is not arbitral award, H.C. 1899. I. 14, 28; H.C. 1907. I. 35, 168; report is read in public and copy given to each party, H.C. 1907. I. 34 (n), 168; report is signed by all members of commission, H.C. 1907. I. 33 (n), 168; if one member refuses to sign note is made thereof, H.C. 1907. I. 33 (n), 168; re- port is submitted to conflicting powers, H.C. 1899. I. 13, 28; rules, H.C. 1907. I. 17 (n), 162; if not deter- mined by convention shall be settled by commission, H.C. 1907. I. 18 (n), 163; termination of hearing, H.C. 1907. I. 32 (n), 167; vacancy, mode of filling, H.C. 1907. I. 13 (n), 161; witnesses, examination of, H.C. 1907. I. 26 (n), 166; witnesses may use notes, but may not read draft, H.C. 1907. I. 27 (n), 166; witnesses must sign testi- mony, H.C. 1907. I. 28 (n), 166; wit- nesses, summoning and hearing of, H.C. 1907. I. 25 (n), 165
International differences, convention for the peaceful adjustment of, H.C. 1899. I. 18, 21; disputes, convention for the pacific settlement of, H.C. 1907. I. (r), 135, 155; ratified (note), 193; prize court, see Prize court, inter- national; prize court, convention rela- tive to the creation of an, H.C. 1907. XII. 136, 288; not ratified (note), 315 Intern. See Interned.
Interned, belligerent war ship not leav-
ing port as it should, may be, H.C. 1907. XIII. 24, 326; in neutral ter- ritory, Geneva Convention applies to sick and wounded, D.B. LVI. 389; H.C. 1899. II. a. 60, 71; H.C. 1907. V. 15, 235; officers may be released on parole by neutral state, D.B. LIII. 388; O.M. II. 80, 399; H.C. 1899. II. a. 57, 70; H.C. 1907. V. II, 233; prisoners of war may be, D.B. XXIV. 385; H.C. 1899. II. a. 5, 52; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 5, 211; but only so long
as circumstances justify it, H.C. 1907. IV. a. 5 (m), 211; sick and wounded may be sent to neutral to be, G.C. 1906. 3, 404; troops may be guarded in camps or fortified places, D.B. LIII. 388; O.M. II. 80, 399; H.C. 1899. II. a. 57, 70; H.C. 1907. V. 11, 233; troops shall be maintained by neu- tral in default of special agreement, D.B. LIV. 389; O.M. II. 81, 399; H.C. 1899. II. a. 58, 70; H.C. 1907. V. 12, 234; but belligerent shall re- imburse neutral at conclusion of peace, D.B. LIV. 389; O.M. II. 81, 399; H.C. 1899. II. a. 58, 70; H.C. 1907. V. 12, 234.
Intervening powers. See under Arbitra- tion procedure
Invader. See Occupant
Invasion. See Occupied territory Inviolable, bearer of the flag of truce is, D.B. XLIII. 387; O.M. II. 26, 393; H.C. 1899. II. a. 32, 62; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 32, 222; bearer, unless he incites to treason is, D.B. XLV. 388; O.M. II. 30, 393; H.C. 1899. II. a. 34, 63; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 34, 223; bugler accom- panying flag of truce is, D.B. XLIII. 387; H.C. 1899. II. a. 32, 63; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 32, 222; color bearer ac- companying flag of truce is, D.B. XLIII. 387; O.M. II. 27, 393; H.C. 1899. II. a. 32, 63; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 32, 222; drummer accompanying flag of truce is, D.B. XLIII. 387; O.M. II. 27, 393; H.C. 1899. II. a. 32, 63; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 32, 222; guide accompany- ing flag of truce is, O.M. II. 27, 393; interpreter accompanying flag of truce is, O.M. II. 27, 399; H.C. 1899. II. a. 32, 63; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 32, 222; neutral territory is, H.C. 1907. V. 1, 2, 231; postal correspondence on neutral or enemy ship, unless intended for blockaded port in violation of blockade, is, H.C. 1907. XI. 1, 282; trumpeter accompanying flag of truce is, D.B. XLIII. 387; O.M. II. 27, 393; H.C. 1899. II. a. 32, 63; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 32, 222
Japan and Russia, note of secretary of state to U.S. representatives express- ing pleasure at general willingness to hold Second Conference, with excep- tion of (1904), 97
Japan, reservation to H.C. 1907. I. 340; to H.C. 1907. IV. 344; to H.C. 1907. IX. 346; to H.C. 1907. XIII. 348 Judges. See Arbitration procedure, In-
ternational prize court, Judicial arbi- tration court, Permanent court of arbi- tration
Judicial arbitration court. See Arbitra- tion court, judicial
Landsturm is part of armed force, O.M. I. 2, 389
Land warfare. See War on land Law, martial. See Martial law Laws and customs of war, see War pro- ject of an international declaration concerning the, adopted by the com ference of Brussels, 382; by land, con- vention regarding, H.C. 1899. II. 18, 45; on land, convention respecting, H.C. 1907. IV. (r), 135, 203; ratified (note), 229.
Laws of war on land (Oxford Manual),
389; rights and duties of war, see War Levies en masse, are belligerents, D.B. X. 384; H.C. 1899. II. a. 2, 51; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 2 (m) (if they carry arms openly), 210; are not brigands, L. III. 52, 360; are part of armed forces, O.M. I. 2, 390; may be made prisoners of war, L. III. 51, 360
Life of population, occupant of territory must respect, D.B. XXXVIII. 387;
O.M. II. 49, 395; H.C. 1899. II. a. 46, 66; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 46, 226 Limitation of armaments, H.C. 1899. 19; H.C. 1907. 138; Russian circular proposing conference regarding, 1; see Limitation of armed forces Limitation of war budgets, vou concern- ing, H.C. 1899. 20
Loans, it is not unneutral in all cases to make, H.C. 1907. V. 18, 236; right to levy forced, L. II. 37, 357 Local officials should be retained and
supported by occupying authority, O.M. II. 45, 395; who remain should be protected by occupying authority, D.B. IV. 382; O.M. II. 45, 395; may be compelled to take oath of allegiance, L. I. 26, 355; or to leave country, L.I. 26, 355; and they owe strict obedience to occupying authority, L. I. 26, 355
wear enemy uniform without dis- tinguishing, L. III. 63, 361 Martial law, affects chiefly police, reve- nues, taxes and support of army, L. I. 10, 352; ambassadors and minis- ters during, L. I. 9, 352; conclusion of, by special order, or treaty of peace, L. I. 2, 350; consuls under, L. I. 8, 352; execution of sen- tence of death under, L. I. 12, 352; extent of, L. I. 7, 351; how executed, L. I. 12, 13, 352; how pro- claimed by hostile army, L. I. 1, 350; local civil and penal law under, L. I. 6, 351; relationship between citizens of occupied country under, L. II. 32, 356; severity of its exercise, L. I. 5, 351; what is, L. I. 3, 4, 351; when a place is under, L. I. 1, 350 Matériel and buildings of fixed sanitary formations may not be used for other purposes unless sick and wounded are first taken care of, G.C. 1906. 15, 406; includes railway trains and vessels, return of, G.C. 1906. 17, 406; mobile sanitary formations in hands of enemy shall retain, G.C. 1906. 14, 406; of aid societies is private property but may be requisitioned, G.C. 1906. 16, 406; of mobile sanitary forma- tions may be used by enemy and returned, G.C. 1906. 14, 406 Mediation and good offices, before appeal to arms powers agree to have recourse to, H.C. 1899. I. 2, 24; H.C. 1907. I. 2 (m), 157; do not interfere with preparation for war, H.C. 1899. I. 7, 25; H.C. 1907. I. 7, 158; do not interrupt war, H.C. 1899. I. 7, 25; H.C. 1907. I. 7, 158; even during hostilities powers strangers to suit may offer good offices or mediation, H.C. 1899. I. 3, 24; H.C. 1907. I. 3 (m), 157; this is not un- friendly act, H.C. 1899. I. 3, 25; H.C. 1907. I. 3 (m), 157; have exclusively the character of advice, H.C. 1899. I. 6, 25; H.C. 1907. I. 6, 158; me- diator shall reconcile opposing claims, H.C. 1899. I. 4, 25; H.C. 1907. I. 4, 157; mediator's functions shall cease when it or one of the disputants an- nounces non-acceptance of mediation, H.C. 1899. I. 5, 25; H.C. 1907. I. 5, 158; special mediation, method of, H.C. 1899. I. 8, 26; H.C. 1907. I. 8 (m), 158 Medical staff of captured vessel are inviolable, G.C. 1868. Ad. VII. 379; H.C. 1899. III. 7, 76; H.C. 1907.
X. 10, 273; can not be made prisoners of war, H.C. 1899. III. 7, 76; H.C. 1907. X. 10, 273; may leave after removal of wounded, G.C. 1868. Ad. VIII. 379; may remain with boat, H.C. 1899. III. 7, 76; H.C. 1907. X. 10, 273; may re- move private property when they leave, G.C. 1868. Ad. VII. 379; H.C. 1899. III. 7, 76; H.C. 1907. X. 10, 273; shall receive usual salary after capture, G.C. 1868. Ad. VIII. 379; H.C. 1899. III. 7, 76; shall receive same salary as paid in the army of the captor, H.C. 1907. X. 10 (m), 273
Merchant ship converted into war ship, crew must be under military discipline, H.C. 1907. VII. 4, 248; master must be duly commissioned, H.C. 1907. VII. 3, 248; must be under control of power whose flag it flies, H.C. 1907. VII. 1, 247; must ob- serve laws and customs of war, H.C. 1907. VII. 5, 248; must show marks of nationality, H.C. 1907. VII. 2, 247 Merchant ship of enemy at the outbreak
of hostilities, convention relative to the status of, H.C. 1907. VI. 136, 240; not ratified (note), 246; crew are not made prisoners of war, when nationals of neutral state, H.C. 1907. XI. 5, 284; nor when nationals of enemy state, if they agree not to aid in operations of war, H.C. 1907. XI. 6, 284; when vessels take part in hostilities, rules as to crew do not apply, H.C. 1907. XI. 8, 285; enemy cargo thereon is detained under certain conditions, H.C. 1907. VI. 4, 242; ignorant of war, entering enemy port, should be allowed to depart, H.C. 1907. VI. 1, 241; in enemy port at outbreak of hostilities should be allowed to de- part, H.C. 1907. VI. 1, 241; intended for conversion into war ship, not covered by H.C. 1907. VI, H.C. 1907. VI. 5, 243; officers are not made prisoners of war when nationals of neutral state and promise not to serve on neutral vessel, H.C. 1907. XI. 5, 284; nor when nationals of enemy state if they agree not to aid in operations of war, H.C. 1907. XI. 6, 284; when vessels take part in hostilities, rules as to crew do not apply, H.C. 1907. XI. 8, 285; on high seas and ignorant of war, may be detained, destroyed, or requisi- tioned, upon payment of compensa-
tion, H.C. 1907. VI. 3, 242; the
names of those officers and members of the crew agreeing not to take part are notified to belligerent who must not employ them, H.C. 1907. XI. 7, 284; unable to leave the enemy port within the time limit can not be confiscated, H.C. 1907. VI. 2, 241; unable to leave the enemy port within the time limit may be detained, subject to restoration, or requisitioned and paid for, H.C. 1907. VI. 2, 242 Merchant ships into war ships, conven- tion relative to the conversion of, H.C. 1907. VII. 136, 246; not ratified (note), 251; removing sick and wounded are protected by neutrality, G.C. 1868. Ad. X. 379; validity of capture of, H.C. 1907. XII. 1, 290; will not be captured for saving sick and wounded and shipwrecked if no violation of neutrality occurred, H.C. 1907. X. 9 (n), 272
Messengers are not spies, D.B. XXII. 385; O.M. II. 23, 392; are prisoners of war, O.M. II. 20, 392; in balloon are not spies, D.B. XXII. 385; treat- ment of captured, L. V. 99, 100, 367 Military charges, vou concerning for- eigners in relation to, H.C. 1907. 139; discipline, crew on merchant ship con- verted into war ship must be subject to, H.C. 1907. VII. 4, 248; establish- ments may be bombarded, H.C. 1907. IX. 2, 260; commander must give no- tice to town, H.C. 1907. IX. 2, 260; protect town, H.C. 1907. IX. 2, 261; hospital ships, see Hospital ships; can not be captured, H.C. 1899. III. 1, 73; H.C. 1907. X. I, 267; come under martial law to a certain extent, G.C. 1868. Ad. IX. 379; do not come under rule of war ship in neutral port, H.C. 1899. III. 1, 73; H.C. 1907. X. 1, 268; shall be painted white with green band, H.C. 1899. III. 5, 75; H.C. 1907. X. 5, 270
Military hospitals see Hospitals, mili- tary; necessity allows: capture of enemy, L. I. 15, 353; deception, L. I. 15, 353; destruction of enemy, L. I. 15, 353; destruction of other persons, L. I. 15, 353; destruction of property, L. I. 15, 353; obstruction of commu- nication, L. I. 15, 353; and starving en- emy, L. I. 15, 353; defined, L. I. 14, 353; does not allow: perfidy, L. I. 16, 353; poison, L. I. 16, 353; cruelty, L. I. 16, 3535 newspaper reporter can be detained only so long as de-
manded by, O.M. II. 21, 392; occu- pant of territory can not levy additional money tax except for administration of territory or, H.C. 1899. II. a. 49, 67; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 49, 226; private property can be seized only under, L. II. 38, 357; property can not be de- stroyed or seized except under, D.B. XIII. (g), 384; O.M. II. 31, 393; H.C. 1899. II. a. 23, 60; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 23, 219
Military occupation. See Occupation of territory
Military vehicles may be captured, G.C. 1906. 17, 407
Militia is part of armed force, O.M. I. 2, 389
Mines, can not be laid unanchored unless
harmless after one hour, submarine, H.C. 1907. VIII. 1, 253; can not be laid with the sole object of intercept- ing commercial shipping off enemy's coast, submarine, H.C. 1907. VIII. 2, 253; convention relative to the laying of automatic submarine contact, H.C. 1907. VIII. 136, 252; ratified (note), 259; harmless in limited time and notify danger zores to shippers, bel- ligerent must render, H.C. 1907. VIII. 3, 253; laid off belligerent's coast must be removed by belligerent upon notification from power who laid them, submarine, H.C. 1907. VIII. 5, 254; must be laid so as to ensure security of peaceful shipping, anchored sub- marine, H.C. 1907. VIII. 3, 253; must be removed by powers laying them at end of war, submarine, H.C. 1907. VIII. 5, 254; must become harmless as soon as they break loose, subma- rine, H.C. 1907. VIII. 1, 253; neutral powers must notify shipowners where they have laid, H.C. 1907. VIII. 4, 254 powers not owning mines of kind mentioned agree to change their, H.C. 1907. VIII. 6, 255
Monarchs, when they are prisoners of war, L. III. 50, 360
Money, bombardment is forbidden for failure to pay, H.C. 1907. IX. 4, 262; can be claimed only under local law, prize, L. II. 45, 358; contributions must be levied by authority of high official in, D.B. XLI. 387; O.M. II. 58, 396; H.C. 1899. II. a. 51, 67; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 51, 227; extraordi- nary contributions can not be levied except in certain cases in, O.M. II. 58, 396; occupant can not levy addi- tional taxes, except for military neces-
sity or administration of territory, in, H.C. 1899. II. a. 49, 67; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 49, 226; occupant of territory shall take possession of, D.B. VI. 383; on prisoner is private property and its appropriation is forbidden, L. III. 72, 363; on prisoner in large sums may be appropriated after providing for pris- oner's support, L. III. 72, 363; vic- torious army seizes, L. II. 31, 356 Monroe Doctrine, reserve of United States to H.C. 1899. I. 90 Montenegro, reservation to H.C. 1907. IV. 344
Morality, protection in hostile country by United States of religion and, L. II. 37, 357
Municipal law of no effect on armies in the field, L. II. 41, 358
Museums not public property for appro- priation by victor, L. II. 34, 356
National flag, ambulances, hospitals, and evacuations must accompany red cross flag with, O.M. II. 40, 394; and red cross flag, hospital ships must carry, H.C. 1899. III. 5, 75; H.C. 1907. X. 5, 270; of belligerent to whom attached, sanitary formations must fly red cross flag and, G.C. 1906. 21, 407; it is forbidden to misuse the, O.M. II. 8 (d), 390; H.C. 1899. II. a. 23, 60; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 23, 219; or emblem, it is perfidy to misuse enemy's, L. III. 65, 362 National prize court, basis of appeal to international prize court from, H.C. 1907. XII. 3, 291; can deal in only two instances with case, H.C. 1907. XII. 6, 293; decision and record of case are sent from inter- national prize court to, H.C. 1907. XII. 45, 307; local law determines method of appeal to international prize court from, H.C. 1907. XII. 6, 293
Nationality, hospital ships shall afford relief independently of, H.C. 1899. III. 4, 74; H.C. 1907. X. 4, 269 Naval establishments may be bom- barded, H.C. 1907. IX. 2, 260; but commander must notify town, H.C. 1907. IX. 2, 261; and endeavor to protect town, H.C. 1907. IX. 2, 261 Naval forces, in time of war, convention respecting bombardment by, H.C. IX. 136, 259; ratified (note), 266; it is forbidden to bombard undefended towns with, H.C. 1907. IX. 1, 260; vœu concerning bombardment of towns
by, H.C. 1899, 21; guns and rifles, vœu concerning, H.C. 1899. 20; war, see War, naval; war, convention con- cerning the rights and duties of neutral powers in, H.C. 1907. XIII. 136, 317; ratified (note), 331; war, convention rel- ative to certain restrictions with regard to the exercise of right of capture in, H.C. I9o7. XI. 136, 281; ratified, (note), 288; war of the principles of the Geneva Convention, convention for the adaptation to, H.C. 1899. III. 18, 71; H.C. 1907. X. (r), 136, 267; ratified (note), 281; vœu concern- ing private property in, H.C. 1899. 20 Netherland minister to secretary of state making final arrangements for newly invited states to adhere to H.C. 1899. I. 110
Neutral, ambulances are see Ambu- lances; flag covers enemy's goods, Paris, 349; goods, except contraband of war, not liable to capture, Paris, 349; har- bor, see Neutral port; medical, reli- gious.and hospital staff of captured ves- sel are, G.C. 1868. Ad. VII. 379; see Medical, religious, and hospital; mer- chantmen, yachts, or vessels taking sick, wounded, or shipwrecked can not be captured therefor, H.C. 1899. III. 6, 76; H.C. 1907. X. 9, 272; merchant ships and yachts to take sick and wounded, belligerent may appeal to, X. 9(n), 272; military hospitals are, see Hospitals, military; persons can commit acts to aid belligerent without losing neutrality, H.C. 1907. V. 17, 235; places where sick and wounded are gathered are, O.M. II. 36, 394; port, belligerent can not have more than three war ships at once in, H.C. 1907. XIII. 15, 323; port, belligerent war ship can not increase armament, crew, or war material in, H.C. 1907. XIII. 18, 324; port, belligerent war ship may on account of damage or stress of weather remain longer than 24 hours in, H.C. 1907. XIII. 14, 322; port, belligerent war ship may, under certain conditions, take coal in, H.C. 1907. XIII. 19, 324; port, belligerent war ship must take only sufficient food to bring itself to peace standing while in, H.C. 1907. XIII. 19, 324; port, belligerent war ship shall remain but 24 hours in, H.C. 1907. XIII. 12, 322; port can not be used as base of naval operations, H.C. 1907. XIII. 5, 320; port, pending decision of prize court prize may be brought into,
H.C. 1907. XIII. 23, 326; port, prize, if not under H.C. 1907. XIII. 21, must be released when brought into, H.C. 1907. XIII. 22, 326; port, 24 hours must elapse between departure of merchant ship of one belligerent and of war ship of the other from, H.C. 1907. XIII. 16, 323; port, 24 hours must elapse between departures of war ships of both belligerents stopping at same, H.C. 1907. XIII. 16, 323; port, under certain conditions prize may be brought into, H.C. 1907. XIII. 21, 325; port, war ship of belligerent can not re-coal within three months in port of some neutral after coaling in, H.C. 1907. XIII. 20, 325; powers and persons in case of war on land, convention respecting the rights and duties of, H.C. 1907. V. 135, 230; ratified (note), 240; belligerent govern- ment shall pay for care taken of ship- wrecked, sick, or wounded by, H.C. 1907. X. 15 (n), 274; can resist by force attempts to violate neutrality, and this is not hostile act, H.C. 1907. V. 10, 233; can not supply ammuni- tion, war material of any kind to belligerents, H.C. 1907. XIII. 6, 320; if aware of war, can not plead lack of formal notice, H.C. 1907. III. 2, 199; powers in naval war, convention con- cerning the rights and duties of, H.C. 1907. XIII. 136, 317; ratified (note), 331; laying submarine mines must ob- serve same rules as belligerent, H.C. 1907. VIII. 4, 254; may allow belliger- ent war ships to use neutral pilots, H.C. 1907. XIII. 11, 322; may authorize car- riage of sick and wounded across neutral territory, D.B. LV. 389; H.C. 1899. II. a. 59, 70; H.C. 1907. V. 14, 234; may forbid belligerent who has violated laws regarding neutral ports from entering neutral waters, H.C. 1907. XIII. 9, 321; may release interned offi- cers on parole, D.B. LIII, 388; O.M. II. 80, 399; H.C. 1899. II. a. 57, 70; H.C. 1907. V. 11, 233; may use bellig- erent railway material to certain extent, H.C. 1907. V. 19, 236; may use such means as they deem best to enforce laws of neutrality, H.C. 1907. XIII. 25, 327; must guard sick and wounded brought into neutral territory to prevent their taking part in war again, H.C. 1899. II. a. 59, 71; H.C. 1907. V. 14, 234; must not allow belligerent war ships to remain in neutral harbor more than 24 hours, H.C. 1907. XIII. 12,
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