H.C. 1907. I. 24 (n), 165; parties
agree to furnish evidence, H.C. 1899. I.
12, 28; H.C. 1907. I. 23 (n), 164; par-
ties may have agents or counsel, H.C.
1907. I. 14 (n), 161; parties must both
be heard, H.C. 1907. I. 19 (n), 163;
parties must communicate statement of
facts to each other, H.C. 1907. I. 19
(n), 163; registry, functions of, H.C.
1907. I. 16 (n), 162; registry, inter-
national bureau acts as, H.C. 1907. I.
15 (n), 162; report is limited to state-
ment of facts, H.C. 1899. I. 14, 28;
H.C. 1907. I. 35, 168; report is not
arbitral award, H.C. 1899. I. 14, 28;
H.C. 1907. I. 35, 168; report is read in
public and copy given to each party,
H.C. 1907. I. 34 (n), 168; report is
signed by all members of commission,
H.C. 1907. I. 33 (n), 168; if one
member refuses to sign note is made
thereof, H.C. 1907. I. 33 (n), 168; re-
port is submitted to conflicting powers,
H.C. 1899. I. 13, 28; rules, H.C.
1907. I. 17 (n), 162; if not deter-
mined by convention shall be settled
by commission, H.C. 1907. I. 18 (n),
163; termination of hearing, H.C.
1907. I. 32 (n), 167; vacancy, mode
of filling, H.C. 1907. I. 13 (n), 161;
witnesses, examination of, H.C. 1907.
I. 26 (n), 166; witnesses may use notes,
but may not read draft, H.C. 1907. I.
27 (n), 166; witnesses must sign testi-
mony, H.C. 1907. I. 28 (n), 166; wit-
nesses, summoning and hearing of, H.C.
1907. I. 25 (n), 165

International differences, convention for
the peaceful adjustment of, H.C. 1899.
I. 18, 21; disputes, convention for
the pacific settlement of, H.C. 1907.
I. (r), 135, 155; ratified (note), 193;
prize court, see Prize court, inter-
national; prize court, convention rela-
tive to the creation of an, H.C. 1907.
XII. 136, 288; not ratified (note), 315
Intern. See Interned.

Interned, belligerent war ship not leav-

ing port as it should, may be, H.C.
1907. XIII. 24, 326; in neutral ter-
ritory, Geneva Convention applies to
sick and wounded, D.B. LVI. 389;
H.C. 1899. II. a. 60, 71; H.C. 1907.
V. 15, 235; officers may be released
on parole by neutral state, D.B. LIII.
388; O.M. II. 80, 399; H.C. 1899.
II. a. 57, 70; H.C. 1907. V. II, 233;
prisoners of war may be, D.B. XXIV.
385; H.C. 1899. II. a. 5, 52; H.C.
1907. IV. a. 5, 211; but only so long

as circumstances justify it, H.C. 1907.
IV. a. 5 (m), 211; sick and wounded
may be sent to neutral to be, G.C.
1906. 3, 404; troops may be guarded
in camps or fortified places, D.B.
LIII. 388; O.M. II. 80, 399; H.C.
1899. II. a. 57, 70; H.C. 1907. V. 11,
233; troops shall be maintained by neu-
tral in default of special agreement,
D.B. LIV. 389; O.M. II. 81, 399;
H.C. 1899. II. a. 58, 70; H.C. 1907.
V. 12, 234; but belligerent shall re-
imburse neutral at conclusion of peace,
D.B. LIV. 389; O.M. II. 81, 399;
H.C. 1899. II. a. 58, 70; H.C. 1907.
V. 12, 234.

Intervening powers. See under Arbitra-
tion procedure

Invader. See Occupant

Invasion. See Occupied territory
Inviolable, bearer of the flag of truce is,
D.B. XLIII. 387; O.M. II. 26, 393;
H.C. 1899. II. a. 32, 62; H.C. 1907.
IV. a. 32, 222; bearer, unless he incites
to treason is, D.B. XLV. 388; O.M. II.
30, 393; H.C. 1899. II. a. 34, 63; H.C.
1907. IV. a. 34, 223; bugler accom-
panying flag of truce is, D.B. XLIII.
387; H.C. 1899. II. a. 32, 63; H.C.
1907. IV. a. 32, 222; color bearer ac-
companying flag of truce is, D.B.
XLIII. 387; O.M. II. 27, 393; H.C.
1899. II. a. 32, 63; H.C. 1907. IV.
a. 32, 222; drummer accompanying flag
of truce is, D.B. XLIII. 387; O.M. II.
27, 393; H.C. 1899. II. a. 32, 63; H.C.
1907. IV. a. 32, 222; guide accompany-
ing flag of truce is, O.M. II. 27, 393;
interpreter accompanying flag of truce
is, O.M. II. 27, 399; H.C. 1899. II.
a. 32, 63; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 32, 222;
neutral territory is, H.C. 1907. V. 1, 2,
231; postal correspondence on neutral
or enemy ship, unless intended for
blockaded port in violation of blockade,
is, H.C. 1907. XI. 1, 282; trumpeter
accompanying flag of truce is, D.B.
XLIII. 387; O.M. II. 27, 393; H.C.
1899. II. a. 32, 63; H.C. 1907. IV. a.
32, 222

Japan and Russia, note of secretary of
state to U.S. representatives express-
ing pleasure at general willingness to
hold Second Conference, with excep-
tion of (1904), 97

Japan, reservation to H.C. 1907. I. 340;
to H.C. 1907. IV. 344; to H.C. 1907.
IX. 346; to H.C. 1907. XIII. 348
Judges. See Arbitration procedure, In-

ternational prize court, Judicial arbi-
tration court, Permanent court of arbi-
tration

Judicial arbitration court. See Arbitra-
tion court, judicial

Landsturm is part of armed force, O.M.
I. 2, 389

Land warfare. See War on land
Law, martial. See Martial law
Laws and customs of war, see War pro-
ject of an international declaration
concerning the, adopted by the com
ference of Brussels, 382; by land, con-
vention regarding, H.C. 1899. II. 18,
45; on land, convention respecting, H.C.
1907. IV. (r), 135, 203; ratified (note),
229.

Laws of war on land (Oxford Manual),

389; rights and duties of war, see War
Levies en masse, are belligerents, D.B. X.
384; H.C. 1899. II. a. 2, 51; H.C. 1907.
IV. a. 2 (m) (if they carry arms openly),
210; are not brigands, L. III. 52, 360;
are part of armed forces, O.M. I. 2, 390;
may be made prisoners of war, L. III.
51, 360

Life of population, occupant of territory
must respect, D.B. XXXVIII. 387;

O.M. II. 49, 395; H.C. 1899. II. a.
46, 66; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 46, 226
Limitation of armaments, H.C. 1899.
19; H.C. 1907. 138; Russian circular
proposing conference regarding, 1;
see Limitation of armed forces
Limitation of war budgets, vou concern-
ing, H.C. 1899. 20

Loans, it is not unneutral in all cases to
make, H.C. 1907. V. 18, 236; right to
levy forced, L. II. 37, 357
Local officials should be retained and

supported by occupying authority,
O.M. II. 45, 395; who remain should
be protected by occupying authority,
D.B. IV. 382; O.M. II. 45, 395; may
be compelled to take oath of allegiance,
L. I. 26, 355; or to leave country, L.I.
26, 355; and they owe strict obedience
to occupying authority, L. I. 26, 355

wear enemy uniform without dis-
tinguishing, L. III. 63, 361
Martial law, affects chiefly police, reve-
nues, taxes and support of army,
L. I. 10, 352; ambassadors and minis-
ters during, L. I. 9, 352; conclusion
of, by special order, or treaty of
peace, L. I. 2, 350; consuls under,
L. I. 8, 352; execution of sen-
tence of death under, L. I. 12,
352; extent of, L. I. 7, 351; how
executed, L. I. 12, 13, 352; how pro-
claimed by hostile army, L. I. 1, 350;
local civil and penal law under, L. I.
6, 351; relationship between citizens
of occupied country under, L. II. 32,
356; severity of its exercise, L. I. 5,
351; what is, L. I. 3, 4, 351; when
a place is under, L. I. 1, 350
Matériel and buildings of fixed sanitary
formations may not be used for other
purposes unless sick and wounded
are first taken care of, G.C. 1906. 15,
406; includes railway trains and vessels,
return of, G.C. 1906. 17, 406; mobile
sanitary formations in hands of enemy
shall retain, G.C. 1906. 14, 406;
of aid societies is private property
but may be requisitioned, G.C. 1906.
16, 406; of mobile sanitary forma-
tions may be used by enemy and
returned, G.C. 1906. 14, 406
Mediation and good offices, before
appeal to arms powers agree to have
recourse to, H.C. 1899. I. 2, 24;
H.C. 1907. I. 2 (m), 157; do not
interfere with preparation for war,
H.C. 1899. I. 7, 25; H.C. 1907. I.
7, 158; do not interrupt war, H.C.
1899. I. 7, 25; H.C. 1907. I. 7, 158;
even during hostilities powers strangers
to suit may offer good offices or
mediation, H.C. 1899. I. 3, 24; H.C.
1907. I. 3 (m), 157; this is not un-
friendly act, H.C. 1899. I. 3, 25; H.C.
1907. I. 3 (m), 157; have exclusively
the character of advice, H.C. 1899.
I. 6, 25; H.C. 1907. I. 6, 158; me-
diator shall reconcile opposing claims,
H.C. 1899. I. 4, 25; H.C. 1907. I. 4,
157; mediator's functions shall cease
when it or one of the disputants an-
nounces non-acceptance of mediation,
H.C. 1899. I. 5, 25; H.C. 1907. I. 5,
158; special mediation, method of, H.C.
1899. I. 8, 26; H.C. 1907. I. 8 (m),
158
Medical staff of captured vessel are
inviolable, G.C. 1868. Ad. VII. 379;
H.C. 1899. III. 7, 76; H.C. 1907.

X. 10, 273; can not be made
prisoners of war, H.C. 1899. III.
7, 76; H.C. 1907.
X. 10, 273;
may leave after removal of wounded,
G.C. 1868. Ad. VIII. 379; may
remain with boat, H.C. 1899. III. 7,
76; H.C. 1907. X. 10, 273; may re-
move private property when they
leave, G.C. 1868. Ad. VII. 379; H.C.
1899. III. 7, 76; H.C. 1907. X. 10,
273; shall receive usual salary after
capture, G.C. 1868. Ad. VIII. 379;
H.C. 1899. III. 7, 76; shall receive
same salary as paid in the army of
the captor, H.C. 1907. X. 10 (m),
273

Merchant ship converted into war ship,
crew must be under military discipline,
H.C. 1907. VII. 4, 248; master
must be duly commissioned, H.C.
1907. VII. 3, 248; must be under
control of power whose flag it flies,
H.C. 1907. VII. 1, 247; must ob-
serve laws and customs of war, H.C.
1907. VII. 5, 248; must show marks
of nationality, H.C. 1907. VII. 2, 247
Merchant ship of enemy at the outbreak

of hostilities, convention relative to the
status of, H.C. 1907. VI. 136, 240; not
ratified (note), 246; crew are not made
prisoners of war, when nationals of
neutral state, H.C. 1907. XI. 5, 284;
nor when nationals of enemy state,
if they agree not to aid in operations
of war, H.C. 1907. XI. 6, 284; when
vessels take part in hostilities, rules
as to crew do not apply, H.C. 1907.
XI. 8, 285; enemy cargo thereon is
detained under certain conditions,
H.C. 1907. VI. 4, 242; ignorant of
war, entering enemy port, should
be allowed to depart, H.C. 1907. VI. 1,
241; in enemy port at outbreak of
hostilities should be allowed to de-
part, H.C. 1907. VI. 1, 241; intended
for conversion into war ship, not
covered by H.C. 1907. VI, H.C.
1907. VI. 5, 243; officers are not
made prisoners of war when nationals
of neutral state and promise not to serve
on neutral vessel, H.C. 1907. XI. 5,
284; nor when nationals of enemy
state if they agree not to aid in
operations of war, H.C. 1907. XI.
6, 284; when vessels take part in
hostilities, rules as to crew do not
apply, H.C. 1907. XI. 8, 285; on
high seas and ignorant of war, may
be detained, destroyed, or requisi-
tioned, upon payment of compensa-

tion, H.C. 1907. VI. 3, 242; the

names of those officers and members
of the crew agreeing not to take part
are notified to belligerent who must
not employ them, H.C. 1907. XI.
7, 284; unable to leave the enemy
port within the time limit can not
be confiscated, H.C. 1907. VI. 2, 241;
unable to leave the enemy port within
the time limit may be detained, subject
to restoration, or requisitioned and
paid for, H.C. 1907. VI. 2, 242
Merchant ships into war ships, conven-
tion relative to the conversion of, H.C.
1907. VII. 136, 246; not ratified (note),
251; removing sick and wounded are
protected by neutrality, G.C. 1868.
Ad. X. 379; validity of capture of,
H.C. 1907. XII. 1, 290; will not be
captured for saving sick and wounded
and shipwrecked if no violation of
neutrality occurred, H.C. 1907. X. 9
(n), 272

Messengers are not spies, D.B. XXII.
385; O.M. II. 23, 392; are prisoners
of war, O.M. II. 20, 392; in balloon
are not spies, D.B. XXII. 385; treat-
ment of captured, L. V. 99, 100, 367
Military charges, vou concerning for-
eigners in relation to, H.C. 1907. 139;
discipline, crew on merchant ship con-
verted into war ship must be subject
to, H.C. 1907. VII. 4, 248; establish-
ments may be bombarded, H.C. 1907.
IX. 2, 260; commander must give no-
tice to town, H.C. 1907. IX. 2, 260;
protect town, H.C. 1907. IX. 2, 261;
hospital ships, see Hospital ships; can
not be captured, H.C. 1899. III. 1, 73;
H.C. 1907. X. I, 267; come under
martial law to a certain extent, G.C.
1868. Ad. IX. 379; do not come under
rule of war ship in neutral port, H.C.
1899. III. 1, 73; H.C. 1907. X. 1, 268;
shall be painted white with green band,
H.C. 1899. III. 5, 75; H.C. 1907. X. 5,
270

-

Military hospitals see Hospitals, mili-
tary; necessity allows: capture of
enemy, L. I. 15, 353; deception, L. I.
15, 353; destruction of enemy, L. I.
15, 353; destruction of other persons,
L. I. 15, 353; destruction of property,
L. I. 15, 353; obstruction of commu-
nication, L. I. 15, 353; and starving en-
emy, L. I. 15, 353; defined, L. I. 14,
353; does not allow: perfidy, L. I. 16,
353; poison, L. I. 16, 353; cruelty,
L. I. 16, 3535 newspaper reporter
can be detained only so long as de-

manded by, O.M. II. 21, 392; occu-
pant of territory can not levy additional
money tax except for administration of
territory or, H.C. 1899. II. a. 49, 67;
H.C. 1907. IV. a. 49, 226; private
property can be seized only under, L.
II. 38, 357; property can not be de-
stroyed or seized except under, D.B.
XIII. (g), 384; O.M. II. 31, 393;
H.C. 1899. II. a. 23, 60; H.C. 1907.
IV. a. 23, 219

Military occupation. See Occupation of
territory

Military vehicles may be captured, G.C.
1906. 17, 407

Militia is part of armed force, O.M. I. 2,
389

Mines, can not be laid unanchored unless

harmless after one hour, submarine,
H.C. 1907. VIII. 1, 253; can not be
laid with the sole object of intercept-
ing commercial shipping off enemy's
coast, submarine, H.C. 1907. VIII. 2,
253; convention relative to the laying
of automatic submarine contact, H.C.
1907. VIII. 136, 252; ratified (note),
259; harmless in limited time and
notify danger zores to shippers, bel-
ligerent must render, H.C. 1907. VIII.
3, 253; laid off belligerent's coast
must be removed by belligerent upon
notification from power who laid them,
submarine, H.C. 1907. VIII. 5, 254;
must be laid so as to ensure security
of peaceful shipping, anchored sub-
marine, H.C. 1907. VIII. 3, 253; must
be removed by powers laying them
at end of war, submarine, H.C. 1907.
VIII. 5, 254; must become harmless
as soon as they break loose, subma-
rine, H.C. 1907. VIII. 1, 253; neutral
powers must notify shipowners where
they have laid, H.C. 1907. VIII. 4,
254 powers not owning mines of
kind mentioned agree to change their,
H.C. 1907. VIII. 6, 255

Monarchs, when they are prisoners of
war, L. III. 50, 360

Money, bombardment is forbidden for
failure to pay, H.C. 1907. IX. 4, 262;
can be claimed only under local law,
prize, L. II. 45, 358; contributions
must be levied by authority of high
official in, D.B. XLI. 387; O.M. II.
58, 396; H.C. 1899. II. a. 51, 67;
H.C. 1907. IV. a. 51, 227; extraordi-
nary contributions can not be levied
except in certain cases in, O.M. II.
58, 396; occupant can not levy addi-
tional taxes, except for military neces-

sity or administration of territory, in,
H.C. 1899. II. a. 49, 67; H.C. 1907.
IV. a. 49, 226; occupant of territory
shall take possession of, D.B. VI. 383;
on prisoner is private property and its
appropriation is forbidden, L. III. 72,
363; on prisoner in large sums may be
appropriated after providing for pris-
oner's support, L. III. 72, 363; vic-
torious army seizes, L. II. 31, 356
Monroe Doctrine, reserve of United
States to H.C. 1899. I. 90
Montenegro, reservation to H.C. 1907.
IV. 344

Morality, protection in hostile country
by United States of religion and, L.
II. 37, 357

Municipal law of no effect on armies in
the field, L. II. 41, 358

Museums not public property for appro-
priation by victor, L. II. 34, 356

National flag, ambulances, hospitals, and
evacuations must accompany red cross
flag with, O.M. II. 40, 394; and red
cross flag, hospital ships must carry,
H.C. 1899. III. 5, 75; H.C. 1907.
X. 5, 270; of belligerent to whom
attached, sanitary formations must
fly red cross flag and, G.C. 1906. 21,
407; it is forbidden to misuse the,
O.M. II. 8 (d), 390; H.C. 1899. II.
a. 23, 60; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 23, 219;
or emblem, it is perfidy to misuse
enemy's, L. III. 65, 362
National prize court, basis of appeal
to international prize court from,
H.C. 1907. XII. 3, 291; can deal
in only two instances with case, H.C.
1907. XII. 6, 293; decision and
record of case are sent from inter-
national prize court to, H.C. 1907.
XII. 45, 307; local law determines
method of appeal to international
prize court from, H.C. 1907. XII.
6, 293

Nationality, hospital ships shall afford
relief independently of, H.C. 1899.
III. 4, 74; H.C. 1907. X. 4, 269
Naval establishments
may be bom-
barded, H.C. 1907. IX. 2, 260; but
commander must notify town, H.C.
1907. IX. 2, 261; and endeavor to
protect town, H.C. 1907. IX. 2, 261
Naval forces, in time of war, convention
respecting bombardment by, H.C.
IX. 136, 259; ratified (note), 266;
it is forbidden to bombard undefended
towns with, H.C. 1907. IX. 1, 260;
vœu concerning bombardment of towns

by, H.C. 1899, 21; guns and rifles,
vœu concerning, H.C. 1899. 20; war,
see War, naval; war, convention con-
cerning the rights and duties of neutral
powers in, H.C. 1907. XIII. 136, 317;
ratified (note), 331; war, convention rel-
ative to certain restrictions with regard
to the exercise of right of capture in,
H.C. I9o7. XI. 136, 281; ratified,
(note), 288; war of the principles of the
Geneva Convention, convention for
the adaptation to, H.C. 1899. III.
18, 71; H.C. 1907. X. (r), 136, 267;
ratified (note), 281; vœu concern-
ing private property in, H.C. 1899. 20
Netherland minister to secretary of state
making final arrangements for newly
invited states to adhere to H.C. 1899.
I. 110

not

Neutral, ambulances are see Ambu-
lances; flag covers enemy's goods, Paris,
349; goods, except contraband of war,
not liable to capture, Paris, 349; har-
bor, see Neutral port; medical, reli-
gious.and hospital staff of captured ves-
sel are, G.C. 1868. Ad. VII. 379; see
Medical, religious, and hospital; mer-
chantmen, yachts, or vessels taking sick,
wounded, or shipwrecked can not be
captured therefor, H.C. 1899. III. 6,
76; H.C. 1907. X. 9, 272; merchant
ships and yachts to take sick and
wounded, belligerent may appeal to, X.
9(n), 272; military hospitals are, see
Hospitals, military; persons can
commit acts to aid belligerent without
losing neutrality, H.C. 1907. V. 17, 235;
places where sick and wounded are
gathered are, O.M. II. 36, 394;
port, belligerent can not have more
than three war ships at once in, H.C.
1907. XIII. 15, 323; port, belligerent
war ship can not increase armament,
crew, or war material in, H.C. 1907.
XIII. 18, 324; port, belligerent war ship
may on account of damage or stress
of weather remain longer than 24
hours in, H.C. 1907. XIII. 14, 322;
port, belligerent war ship may, under
certain conditions, take coal in, H.C.
1907. XIII. 19, 324; port, belligerent
war ship must take only sufficient
food to bring itself to peace standing
while in, H.C. 1907. XIII. 19, 324;
port, belligerent war ship shall remain
but 24 hours in, H.C. 1907. XIII.
12, 322; port can not be used as base
of naval operations, H.C. 1907. XIII.
5, 320; port, pending decision of prize
court prize may be brought into,

H.C. 1907. XIII. 23, 326; port, prize,
if not under H.C. 1907. XIII. 21, must
be released when brought into, H.C.
1907. XIII. 22, 326; port, 24 hours
must elapse between departure of
merchant ship of one belligerent and
of war ship of the other from, H.C.
1907. XIII. 16, 323; port, 24 hours
must elapse between departures of
war ships of both belligerents stopping
at same, H.C. 1907. XIII. 16, 323;
port, under certain conditions prize may
be brought into, H.C. 1907. XIII.
21, 325; port, war ship of belligerent
can not re-coal within three months in
port of some neutral after coaling in,
H.C. 1907. XIII. 20, 325; powers
and persons in case of war on land,
convention respecting the rights and
duties of, H.C. 1907. V. 135, 230;
ratified (note), 240; belligerent govern-
ment shall pay for care taken of ship-
wrecked, sick, or wounded by, H.C.
1907. X. 15 (n), 274; can resist by
force attempts to violate neutrality,
and this is not hostile act, H.C. 1907.
V. 10, 233; can not supply ammuni-
tion, war material of any kind to
belligerents, H.C. 1907. XIII. 6, 320;
if aware of war, can not plead lack of
formal notice, H.C. 1907. III. 2, 199;
powers in naval war, convention con-
cerning the rights and duties of, H.C.
1907. XIII. 136, 317; ratified (note),
331; laying submarine mines must ob-
serve same rules as belligerent, H.C.
1907. VIII. 4, 254; may allow belliger-
ent war ships to use neutral pilots, H.C.
1907. XIII. 11, 322; may authorize car-
riage of sick and wounded across neutral
territory, D.B. LV. 389; H.C. 1899.
II. a. 59, 70; H.C. 1907. V. 14, 234;
may forbid belligerent who has violated
laws regarding neutral ports from
entering neutral waters, H.C. 1907.
XIII. 9, 321; may release interned offi-
cers on parole, D.B. LIII, 388; O.M.
II. 80, 399; H.C. 1899. II. a. 57, 70;
H.C. 1907. V. 11, 233; may use bellig-
erent railway material to certain extent,
H.C. 1907. V. 19, 236; may use such
means as they deem best to enforce
laws of neutrality, H.C. 1907. XIII. 25,
327; must guard sick and wounded
brought into neutral territory to prevent
their taking part in war again, H.C.
1899. II. a. 59, 71; H.C. 1907. V. 14,
234; must not allow belligerent war
ships to remain in neutral harbor more
than 24 hours, H.C. 1907. XIII. 12,