and reinterpreted, from the fields of comparative, abnormal, and child psychology. Rasmussen (34) and Drummond (7, 8) contribute many interesting notes on child life, though their works are popular rather than scientific in nature. Fenton (11) attempts to systematize the familiar but difficult method of home observation. Myers (29), summing up in article form his observations of inhibition in his two infants to the beginning of the third year, finds that inhibition occurs at first in connection with the fixing of attention due to each new sensory stimulus, and later without the overt stimulus. His conclusions amount to a formulation of the processes of social control, the secret being "to lead the other person to want to do what we want him to do-in other words, to make our wishes his" (p. 294).

CONCLUSION

This rapid survey merely indicates the amount and sort of activity at present manifested in the field of preschool child psychology. A trend can be distinguished toward the study of children, not as isolated individual facts, but in relation to the social groups which receive them at birth. Tutyshkin defines the child-which, by the way, no one else seems to have thought of doing—as a dynamic process of personality development. What other task can social psychology have than the description of this dynamic process as revealed in specific situations? We are beginning to think of intelligence in terms of adjustment rather than of innate capacity. Those minute differences which distinguish the environment and therefore the adjustment-problem of one infant from that of another have not yet been made the goal of serious research, nor has any objective classification been attempted on the basis of common aspects. Our "common-sense" grouping of environments remains impressionistic and inconceivably clumsy. Social stimuli, family structure, the social situation, personality makeup, motivation, are still obscure notions. Psychiatrists, psychologists, and educators alike recognize the need for further knowledge, but are hampered by the lack of any adequate technique. Verry (42, p. 645) says: "The importance of the family is due not so much to sexconditioned complexes as to the type of social image of himself

which the child gets from this his first group." Faris (10, p. 194) has stated his viewpoint as follows:

The social psychologist should fasten his attention on the facts of human nature which lie all around us in the form of attitudes, desires, and wishes which can be recorded, studied, collected, classified, and explained, and which are open to no such objection as the instincts, which in the nature of the case are always hypothetical components of a complex form of behavior. . . . . Genetic psychology would be not only defensible, but in the highest degree valuable, if it abandoned its attempt to explain human nature as a whole and confined itself to the study of particular groups.

There can be little doubt that we are already past the threshold of this new era.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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— "Personality Trends in Children," The Child, the Clinic, and the Court, New York: New Republic, Inc. (1925), pp. 53-65.

ALBION WOODBURY SMALL, 1854–1926

Albion W. Small passed away March 24. Although he had been in failing health for several months, he was engaged in the activities in which he was interested until the last. Religious services were held in Mandel Hall on March 26. It is planned to hold, June 8, a Commemorative Service in which recognition will be given of his contributions to higher education and to social science.

With the foundation of the University of Chicago in 1892, President Harper appointed Dr. Small head of the first department of sociology in this country, or indeed in any country, a position which he held until his retirement last July. He has been the editor in charge of the American Journal of Sociology since its beginning in 1895. He was president of the American Sociological Society in 1912-13, and of the International Institute of Sociology (Paris) in 1922.

In the July issue of the Journal it is planned to publish articles giving the history of his life and an estimate of his contribution to sociology.