Answers to Post-Hearing Questions Submitted by Members of the Committee
on Science
The Honorable John H. Gibbons, Assistant to the President for Science
and Technology, and Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy ..
Answers to Post-Hearing Questions Submitted by Chairman F. James
Sensenbrenner, Jr.:
"Clear and Compelling Evidence” That Human Activities Are Caus-
ing Climate Change
Climate Change and Extreme Events
Documentation of 1997 Temperature Statistics
"1997 Warmest Year of Century, NOAA Reports," U.S. Depart-
ment of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-
istration (NOAA) Press Release, NOAA 98-1, January 8, 1998
"Global Temperature Trends,” National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) Goddard Institute for Space Studies
D.E. Parker, E.B. Norton, and M. Gordon, "Global and Regional
Climate in 1997," Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and
Research, Meteorological Office, February 5, 1998.
Rob Quayle, Tom Peterson, Catherine Godfrey, and Alan Basist
"The Climate of 1997 Global Temperature Index: 1997 Warm-
est Year of the Century," NOAA Ñational Climatic Data Cen-
ter, January 12, 1998
Land- and Sea-Based Versus Satellite Temperature Measurements
David R. Easterling et al., “Maximum and Minimum Tempera-
ture Trends for the Globe," Science 277, July 18, 1997, pp.
364-367
Evidence for Significant Regional Ecosystem Response to Warming
Experienced During the Period 1981-1991
R.B. Myneni et al., “Increased plant growth in the northern
high latitudes from 1981 to 1991,” Nature 386, April 17, 1997,
pp. 698-702
Records of Total Rainfall and Extreme Rainfall of the United States
Over the Last Century
Thomas R. Karl and Richard W. Knight, "Secular Trends of
Precipitation Amount, Frequency, and Intensity in the United
States," Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 79,
February, 1998, pp. 231-241
Kevin E. Trenberth, "Conceptual Framework for Changes of Ex-
tremes of the Hydrological Cycle with Climate Change," Cli-
matic Change 36, 1998
IPCC "Business As Usual" Scenario
J. Leggett, W.J. Pepper, and R.J. Smart, "Emissions Scenarios
for the IPCC: an Update," in Climate Change 1992: The Sup-
plementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment, Report
prepared for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC) by Working Group I, J.T. Houghton, B.A. Callender
and S.K. Varney, eds. (New York: Cambridge University Press,
1992), pp. 69-95
Robert Constanza et al., “The value of the world's ecosystem
services and natural capital,” Nature 387, May 15, 1997, pp.
253-260
Objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change
Impacts on Global Agricultural Activity
Cynthia Rosenzweig, Martin L. Perry, and Günther Fischer,
"World Food Supply," in As Climate Change: International Im-
pacts and Implications, Kenneth M. Strzepek and Joel B.
Smith, eds. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995),
Answers to Post-Hearing Questions Submitted by Members of the Committee
on Science Continued
Answers to Post-Hearing Questions Submitted by Chairman F. James
Sensenbrenner, Jr.-Continued
Impacts on Global Agricultural Activity-Continued
John Reilly et al., "Agriculture in a Changing Climate: Impacts
and Implications," in Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adapta-
tions and Mitigation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical
Analyses, Contribution of Working Group II to the Second As-
sessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change, Robert T. Watson, Marufu Z. Zinyowera, and Richard
H. Moss, eds. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996),
pp. 427-467
Letters Signed by Thousands of Scientists Urging Action
"Scientists' Statement on Global Climatic Disruption," Ozone Ac-
tion, June 1997
"Ecologists' Statement on the Consequences of Rapid Climatic
Change," May 21, 1997
Similar Letters Urging Action from the Economic Community
"Economists' Statement on Climate Change
Regional Vulnerabilities
Health Effects
Anthony J. McMichael_et_al., “Human Population Health,” in
Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptations and Mitigation
of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses, Contribution
of Working Group II to the Second Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Robert T. Wat-
son, Marufu C. Zinyowera, and Richard H. Moss, eds. (New
York: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 561-584...
Laurence S. Kalkstein and J. Scott Greene, "An Evaluation of
Climate/Mortality Relationships in Large U.S. Cities and the
Possible Impacts of a Climate Change," Environmental Health
Perspectives 105, January, 1997, pp. 84-93
Impacts on Water Resources
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Zdzislaw Kaczmarek et al., "Water Resources Management," in
Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptations and Mitigation
of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses, Contribution
of Working Group II to the Second Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Robert T. Wat-
son, Marufu C. Zinyowera, and Richard H. Moss, eds. (New
York: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 469-486
Impacts on Forests.....
Miko U.F. Kirschbaum et al., "Climate Change Impacts on For-
ests," in Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptations and Miti-
gation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses, Con-
tribution of Working Group II to the Second Assessment Re-
port of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Rob-
ert T. Watson, Marufu C. Zinyowera, and Richard H. Moss,
eds. (New York: Cambridge Univerity Press, 1996), pp. 95-
486
Impacts on Other Natural Areas
M.G. Oquist et al., "Non-Tidal Wetlands," in Climate Change
1995: Impacts, Adaptations and Mitigation of Climate Change:
Scientific-Technical Analyses, Contribution of Working Group
II to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change, Robert T. Watson, Marufu C.
Zinyowera, and Richard H. Moss, eds. (New York: Cambridge
University Press, 1996), pp. 215-239
Luitzun Bijlsma et al., "Coastal Zones and Small Islands," in Climate
Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptations and Mitigation of Climate
Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses, Contribution of Working
Group II to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovern-
mental Panel on Climate Change, Robert T. Watson, Marufu C.
Zinyowera, and Richard H. Moss, eds. (New York: Cambridge Uni-
versity Press, 1996), pp. 289-324
Answers to Post-Hearing Questions Submitted by Members of the Committee
on Science Continued
Answers to Post-Hearing Questions Submitted by Chairman F. James
Sensenbrenner, Jr.-Continued
Unresolved Scientific Issues Relating to the Modeling of the Impact
of Future Potential Greenhouse Gas Emissions on Global Tempera-
Unresolved Scientific Issues Involved in Projecting Future Tempera-
ture Increases and the Impacts Thereof
Process of Preparing and Reviewing the U.S. Global Change Re-
search Program Budgets and Projects
Answers to Post-Hearing Questions Submitted by Representative Mike
Doyle (PA18):
The Honorable Ernest J. Moniz, Under Secretary of Energy, U.S. Department
of Energy
Answers to Post-Hearing Questions Submitted by Chairman F. James
Sensenbrenner, Jr.:
"Enhanced Energy R&D Investments Provided for in DOE's FY 1999
Budget Request Will Indeed Result in Lower Greenhosue Gas
Emissions"
1997 R&D 100 Awards
U.S. Energy Expenditures
U.S. Energy Use Per Dollar of GNP
Global Market for Energy Supply Equipment
Projections for Global Energy Use and Implications for Global Carbon
Emissions
Projection of DOE's Current Oil and Gas Program to Stimulate Addi-
tional Liquids Projection
Competing the M&O Contract for the National Renewable Energy
Laboratory
Updating the Way DOE Selects R&D Performers
FY 1999 Budget Request for the Million Solar Roofs Initiative
FY 1999 Budget Request for Fundamental Solar Photovoltaic Re
FY 1999 Budget Request for Solar Market Promotion Activities
FY 1999 Budget Request for Nuclear
FY 1999 Budget Request for the Climate Change Technology Initia-
tive
Answers to Post-Hearing Questions Submitted by Representative Mike
Doyle (PA-18):
Clean Coal Technology Demonstration Program
The Kyoto Accord and Electricity Deregulation
Ratio of Funding Between DOE's Climate Change-Related R&D Ef-
forts Reared Towards Energy Production and Energy End-Use
Nuclear Power
The Honorable David M. Gardiner Assistant Administrator for Policy, Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Answers to Post-Hearing Questions Submitted by Chairman F. James
Sensenbrenner, Jr.:
Global Warming and Americans' Health
The Honorable David M. Gardiner Assistant Administrator for Policy, Plan-
ning and Evaluation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-Continued
Answers to Post-Hearing Questions Submitted by Chairman F. James
Sensenbrenner, Jr.-Continued
New "Energy Star" Partnership with Major TV and VCR Manufac-
turers
EPA's Existing Climate Change Action Plan (CCAP) Programs, Re-
ductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Reduction in Annual
U.S. Energy Expenditures
Aluminum Industry Partnership
Metal Finishers Agreement
Green Lights and Energy Star Buildings
Climate Change Technology Initiative Tax Credits
Transportation Initiatives
Crosscutting Analysis and Approaches
The Lancet Study on Particulate Matter-Related Health Impacts of
Fine Particulate Standard and Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions
Legislative/Regulatory Initiatives to Reduce Greenhouse Gases
Mr. Gary R. Bachula, Acting Under Secretary for Technology, U.S. Depart-
ment of Commerce
Answers to Post-Hearing Questions Submitted by Chairman F. James
Sensenbrenner, Jr.:
U.S. Environmental Industry Revenues and Employment
Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV)
FY 1999 Climate Change Technology Initiative (CCTI) Funding De-
tails
Kyoto Protocol and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
FCCC/CP/1997/7, "Report of the Conference of the Parties on its
Third Session, held at Kyoto from 1 to 11 December 1997, Part
One: Proceedings," March 18, 1998
FCCC/CP/1997/7/Corr. 1, "Report of the Conference of the Parties
on its Third Session, held at Kyoto from 1 to 11 December 1997,
Corrigendum," June 9, 1988
FCCC/CP/1997/7/Add. 1, "Report of the Conference of the Parties
on its Third Session, held at Kyoto from 1 to 11 December 1997,
Part Two: Actions Taken by the Conference of the Parties at its
Third Session," March 18, 1998 (The Kyoto Protocol is part of
this document. The Protocol should be read together with decisions
1/CP.3, 2/CP.3 and 3/CP.3 which are also contained herein.)
Text of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change, as amended by the Conference of the Parties at its Third
Session
Congressional Research Service Documents
Salvatore Lazzari, Global Climate Change: The Energy Tax Incentives
in the President's FY 1999 Budget, Congressional Research Service,
Library of Congress, CRS Report 98-193 E, March 4, 1998
Michael M. Simpson, Global Climate Change: Research and Develop-
ment Provisions in the President's Climate Change Technology Ini-
tiative, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, CRS
Report 98-408 STM, April 27, 1998
Susan R. Fletcher, Global Climate Change Treaty: The Kyoto Pro-
tocol, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, CRS
Additional Materials for the Record-Continued
General Accounting Office (GAO) Documents
Global Warming: Information on the Results of Four of EPA's Vol-
untary Climate Change Programs, U.S. General Accounting Office,
(GAO/RCED-97-163, June 30, 1997)
Department of Energy: Proposed Budget in Support of the President's
Climate Change Technology Initiative, U.S. General Accounting Of-
fice (GAO/RCED-98–147, April 10, 1998)
Climate Change: Information on the U.S. Initiative on Joint Imple-
mentation, U.S. General Accounting Office, (GAO/RCED-98–154,
June 29, 1998)
Climate Change: Information on Limitations and Assumptions of
DOE's Five-Lab Study, U.S. General Accounting Office, (GAO/
RCED-98-239, September 8, 1998)
Climate Change and the Federal Budget, Congressional Budget Of-
fice, CBO Memorandum, August 1998
"The Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change," Fact Sheet released by
the Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Sci-
entific Affairs, January 15, 1998
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