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The Department of Energy's missions are linked by the common thread of science. Our public investment in energy research and development is a key catalyst for insights and advances on many fronts -- increasing our energy security, private sector innovation, and expanding markets. In addition, these same resources contribute to expanding our future options by reducing environmental impacts of energy use -- locally, regionally, and globally.

This Administration and the Department of Energy, with the support of the Congress, can provide a large measure of the scientific and technological leadership our nation needs to maintain its preeminence in the global marketplace and our commitments to a cleaner, safer world.

I look forward to working with the Committee to advance our nation's key energy R&D programs. Thank you for your attention and I would be pleased to address any questions.

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Dr. Ernest J. Moniz was unanimously confirmed by the U.S. Senate as the Department of Energy's new Under Secretary on October 28, 1997. As the Under Secretary, Dr. Moniz advises the Secretary regarding science and technology research and development, including energy efficiency, environmental technologies, national security, and fundamental research. Dr. Moniz's research and development expertise serves the Department well in its vital missions of stockpile stewardship, environmental preservation, energy security and scientific innovation.

Dr. Moniz is committed to excellence in science education and comes from an academic background himself. Most recently, he was a Professor of Physics and Head of the Department of Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he was responsible for the research and educational programs of the department. 'Prior to that, he served as the Associate Director for Science in the Office of Science and Technology Policy at the Executive Office of the President. He was nominated to this position by President Clinton in June 1995 and was responsible for overseeing matters relating to science education and university-government partnerships. In addition, Dr. Moniz advised the President regarding physical, life, social and behavioral sciences. Dr. Moniz also consulted on the Clinton Administration's 1994 science policy statement, Science in the National Interest.

Dr. Moniz's principal research interests are in theoretical nuclear physics. He joined the MIT faculty in 1973 and served as the Director of the Bates Linear Accelerator Center from 1983 to 1991. The Center is a nuclear physics research facility operated by MIT for the Department of Energy. Dr. Moniz is widely recognized for his work in describing the interaction of pions with nuclei.

Dr. Moniz has served numerous universities, national laboratories, professional societies, and govemment agencies in advisory roles. For example, he served on the American Physical Society Study Panel for Nuclear Fuel Cycles and Waste Management. He has provided scientific program advice for several particle accelerator laboratories in both the United States and Europe and served as Chairman of the Director's External Review Committee for the Los Alamos National Laboratory Physics Division. From 1992 to 1995, Dr. Moniz served the Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation as the Chairman of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee, leading long-range planning for American nuclear physics.

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Dr. Moniz received a Bachelor of Science degree in physics from Boston College in 1966 and a doctorate in theoretical physics from Stanford University in 1971. With a postdoctoral

fellowship from the National Science Foundation, Dr. Moniz performed research at the Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay in Gif-sur-Yvette, France and at the University of Pennsylvania during 1971 to 1973.

Dr. Moniz is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the
Humboldt Foundation, and the American Physical Society.

November 1997

Chairman SENSENBRENNER. Thank you very much. The next witness is the Honorable David M. Gardiner, Assistant Administrator for Policy, Planning, and Evaluation of the EPA. Mr. Gardiner, I would appreciate it if you could confine your remarks to 5 minutes so that we will have time for questions by members of the Committee.

TESTIMONY OF THE HONORABLE DAVID M. GARDINER, ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR FOR POLICY, PLANNING AND EVALUATION, U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, WASHINGTON, DC

Mr. GARDINER. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I appreciate the opportunity to be here this morning.

I think you have heard already from Dr. Gibbons about the compelling view that we have of the science on this issue and the potential impacts of climate change. And because those effects are potentially so serious and so costly to us and to others around the world, and to help the country meet the challenge of global warming, the President, as you all know, proposed in October that we launch an initiative to invest in research and development. And, specifically in the budget, he has now proposed a Climate Change Technology Initiative that will invest $6.3 billion in R&D and targeted tax cuts over the next 5 years and lead to multiple environmental and economic benefits. The Administration's-I would also note that the Administration's current climate change program is already reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and the President's initiative will do even more.

I wanted to make two fairly straightforward points this morning, the first of which is that the investments proposed by the President will bring economic benefits beyond those associated with the control of global warming. They will provide incentives for American businesses and communities to cut greenhouse gases now, in ways that make economic sense now. They will speed the adoption of today's cost-effective, energy-efficient, low-carbon technologies throughout the economy and hasten the development of even more advanced technologies in the future. Using energy more efficiently in our businesses, homes, and vehicles will save money and make our overall economy far more productive, while at the same time reducing emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants.

We've already seen how effective these kinds of incentives can be. Under our current climate change programs, the Administration has negotiated voluntary partnerships and I would emphasize voluntary partnerships-with thousands of U.S. businesses and others that will cut greenhouse gas emissions while at the same time slashing annual U.S. energy costs. Dozens of companies like General Motors, IBM, Motorola, and Lockhead Martin are cutting energy use, saving money, and reducing their emissions of greenhouse gases.

Just to pick one example, the Dupont Company alone has taken steps to cut energy use that has saved the company $31 million in 1995 alone while reducing their greenhouse gas emissions by 18 million tons by the Year 2000.

These voluntary programs will be continued and expanded under

ronmental Protection Agency, we'll have a particular focus on the building sector, the industrial sector, transportation, and a number of cross-cutting issues.

All of these investments will help enhance the productivity of the American economy. All of these investments will help American businesses compete more effectively in the global economy. All of these investments will reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and move us closer to the goals of reducing the threat of global warming.

And while as good as that sounds, it's not as good as it gets. And this is the second point I wanted to make, and that is that every dollar we invest to improve energy efficiency and to reduce the emissions that cause greenhouse gases or the greenhouse problem-will control other pollutants beyond greenhouse gases.

The combustion of fossil fuels is also a major source of conventional air pollutants like particulates, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and carbon monoxide. These pollutants, as you know, have been linked conclusively to heightened risks of mortality, chronic bronchitis, congestive heart failure, heart disease, and other serious illnesses. Children and the elderly are most vulnerable to these pollution-related illnesses. Thus, many of the actions that we take to combat climate change in the short term and in the long term will bring immediate public health benefits in the form of cleaner air and cleaner water. One peer-reviewed study estimates that in the Year 2010, greenhouse gas controls could save 20,000 lives in the United States, and more than 200,000 lives worldwide, because of related reductions in particulate emissions alone. Controls on greenhouse gases could lead to improved viability, more and better recreational opportunity, and reduced nitrogen deposition in vulnerable water bodies like the Chesapeake Bay.

In 1999, alone, EPA's global warming programs are expected to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions by 90,000 tons per year, thus improving both air and water quality. And we would expect under the Climate Change Technology Initiative even greater emission reductions in the future.

So what we're talking about here is a cost-effective, commonsense approach to a serious problem. The tax credits and other programs in the President's proposed Global Warming Initiative will reduce the health and ecological problems caused by the greenhouse effect, they will help the economy to grow by making it more energy efficient, and position the United States to prosper even more in the global market place as other countries look for technologies to reduce these emissions, and they will bring substantial ancillary health benefits by reducing emissions of conventional pollutants like particulates and nitrogen oxides.

This is an economically sound and environmentally sensible approach. And we look forward to working with the Congress, the business community, and the American people as we move forward in our efforts to control climate change and provide a better quality of life for all of our people.

Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

[Mr. Gardiner's prepared statement and biography follow:]

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