Professional instruction, is still more largely under private management. Of the 55-7 medical, law, and theological students per 100,000 persons, only 7.4, or 13-2 per cent of the whole, are in public institutions, mostly departments of State universities. The proportion of public students of this class also largely increases westward. There is no professional instruction given by the state in the North Atlantic States, while in the Western Division the proportion slightly exceeds one-half (51-6 per cent), though the whole amount in this division is small.

As regards normal instruction, the geographical distribution of the percentage of public students is curiously reversed. The North Atlantic States have taken the lead in the matter of public normal schools. These States not only have the highest number of normal students (88.4 per 100,000), but educate 97.4 per cent of them, all but a trifling portion, in public schools. Private normal schools in that section that merit the name are almost nonexistent. The number of private normal-school pupils per 100,000 persons increases westward, it being 22.3 in the Western Division, or 31-2 per cent of the whole number.

TABLE 8.-Number of higher students to each 100,000 of the population, classified as public and private.

TABLE 9.-Percentage of public and private students in the different departments of higher

DIAGRAM 5.-Showing the number of higher students to each 100,000 persons of the population, classified as public and private; being a graphic representation of the data contained in Table 8.

DISTRIBUTION OF STUDENTS IN PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS.

Table 10 gives the number of professional students attending schools of medicine, law, and theology, and elassifies them as public and private.

Of the 22,263 medical students in the United States 2,525, or about 1 in 9, are found in public institutions. The number of public law students is somewhat less, viz, 2,243, yet the proportion to the total number of law students is much greater, being about that of 3 to 8. This results from there being so few private law schools. In the North Central States there are 1,621 public law students to 525 private, or more than 3 to 1, while in the Western Division there are 147 public to only 5 private.

Theological instruction is given entirely in institutions under private management, and, with the present multiplicity of denominational creeds and beliefs, this practice, for obvious reasons, is likely to continue.*

The total number of medical, law, and theological students stand very nearly in the proportion of 15, 4, and 5, respectively.

TABLE 10.-Distribution of students in professional schools.

The sex of pupils under secondary instruction is given in Table 11. The relative proportion or percentage of each sex has been computed for Table 12; this latter table is further illustrated by Diagram 6.

The feature of this diagram that chiefly attracts attention, perhaps, is the predominance of girls in public schools and of boys in private schools; 40-6 per cent of the pupils receiving secondary instruction in public schools, principally in public high schools (see Table 2), are boys, "scientific

The University of Michigan is announced (1893) to have established a nonsectarian department" for the more thorough training of young men for the ministry. The University of Colorado had such a department more than a year previously. "In neither case is there any organic connection of the department with the institution, but it is so situated as to extend special privileges and advantages to this class of students." (Col. School Jour., Dec., 1893.)

DIAGRAM 6.-Showing the per cent of male and female secondary pupils in public and in private schools; being a graphic representation of the data in Table 12.

while 59.4 per cent are girls, so that there are about 3 girls to every 2 boys. This excess of girls receiving public secondary instruction is confined to no particular section of the Union, but characterizes each of the geographical divisions.

On the other hand, 55 per cent of the private secondary pupils are boys, and only 45 per cent girls. The excess of boys occurs in all the geographical divisions except the South Central, where the boys and girls are about evenly balanced.

In attempting to assign a reason for this contrast of sex of secondary pupils in public and private schools, it will probably be found that the public high schools fail to receive a due proportion of boys because so many of them are obliged or prefer to go to work after finishing their elementary school course; the more ambitious of them enter mercantile establishments or the offices of business men, or continue their educa tion in commercial colleges, instead of going to public high schools. With the girls, especially those of the more well-to-do families, the case is different; fewer of them are pressed to engage in active employment at an early age, and more are left free to pursue the course of liberal culture that the public high school affords, or if they desire to prepare themselves to become teachers, the high school is right in the line to second their efforts.

Private secondary pupils, on the other hand, are largely found in schools especially designed to prepare for college, or in the preparatory departments of colleges themselves; and the fact that collegiate education is still principally confined to men would seem to be instrumental in determining the sex of the pupils preparing for it.

It may be that the present tendency to organize business and manualtraining courses in high schools, as well as to establish high schools specifically designed to make business instruction or manual training predominating features, will be instrumental in inducing more boys to pursue a course of public secondary instruction.

TABLE 11.-Sex of pupils receiving secondary instruction. (a)