CLEAN AIR ACT [PUBLIC LAW 88-206,1 APPROVED DECEMBER 17, 1963] AN ACT To improve, strengthen, and accelerate programs for the prevention and abatement of air pollution. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Act of July 14, 1955, as amended (42 U.S.C. 1857-1857g), is hereby amended to read as follows: TITLE I-AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION AND FINDINGS AND PURPOSES SEC. 101. (a) The Congress finds— (1) that the predominant part of the Nation's population is located in its rapidly expanding metropolitan and other urban areas, which generally cross the boundary lines of local jurisdictions and often extend into two or more States; Clean Air Act 73 Stat. 646 69 Stat. 322; 77 Stat. 393 (2) that the growth in the amount and complexity 77 Stat. 392 of air pollution brought about by urbanization, industrial development, and the increasing use of motor vehicles, has resulted in mounting dangers to the public health and welfare, including injury to agricultural crops and livestock, damage to and the deterioration of property, and hazards to air and ground transportation; (3) that the prevention and control of air pollution at its source is the primary responsibility of States and local governments; and (4) that Federal financial assistance and leadership is essential for the development of cooperative Federal, State, regional, and local programs to prevent and control air pollution. (b) The purposes of this title are (1) to protect the Nation's air resources so as to promote the public health and welfare and the productive capacity of its population; (2) to initiate and accelerate a national research 1 This Act was amended by sec. 101 of P.L. 89-272 to add the heading for Title I, to change the words "this Act" wherever they appear in secs. 1 through 7 to "this title" and to redesignate secs. 1 through 7 and references thereto as secs. 101 through 107. 77 Stat. 393 77 Stat. 394 and development program to achieve the prevention and control of air pollution; (3) to provide technical and financial assistance to State and local governments in connection with the development and execution of their air pollution prevention and control programs; and (4) to encourage and assist the development and operation of regional air pollution control programs. COOPERATIVE ACTIVITIES AND UNIFORM LAWS SEC. 102. (a) The Secretary shall encourage cooperative activities by the States and local governments for the prevention and control of air pollution; encourage the enactment of improved and, so far as practicable in the light of varying conditions and needs, uniform State and local laws relating to the prevention and control of air pollution; and encourage the making of agreements and compacts between States for the prevention and control of air pollution. (b) The Secretary shall cooperate with and encourage cooperative activities by all Federal departments and agencies having functions relating to the prevention and control of air pollution, so as to assure the utilization in the Federal air pollution control program of all appropriate and available facilities and resources within the Federal Government. (c) The consent of the Congress is hereby given to two or more States to negotiate and enter into agreements or compacts, not in conflict with any law or treaty of the United States, for (1) cooperative effort and mutual as'sistance for the prevention and control of air pollution and the enforcement of their respective laws relating thereto, and (2) the establishment of such agencies, joint or otherwise, as they may deem desirable for making effective such agreements or compacts. No such agreement or compact shall be binding or obligatory upon any State a party thereto unless and until it has been approved by Congress. RESEARCH, INVESTIGATIONS, TRAINING, AND OTHER ACTIVITIES SEC. 103. (a) The Secretary shall establish a national research and development program for the prevention and control of air pollution and as part of such program shall (1) conduct, and promote the coordination and acceleration of, research, investigations, experiments, training, demonstrations, surveys, and studies relating to the causes, effects, extent, prevention, and control of air pollution; Subsec. 103 (a) amended by sec. 103 of P.L. 89-272 to add a new par. (5). (2) encourage, cooperate with, and render technical services and provide financial assistance to air pollution control agencies and other appropriate public or private agencies, institutions, and organizations, and individuals in the conduct of such activities; (3) conduct investigations and research and make surveys concerning any specific problem of air pollution in cooperation with any air pollution control agency with a view to recommending a solution of such problem, if he is requested to do so by such agency, or if, in his judgment, such problem may affect any community or communities in a State other than that in which the source of the matter causing or contributing to the pollution is located; (4) initiate and conduct a program of research directed toward the development of improved, low-cost techniques for extracting sulfur from fuels. (5) conduct and accelerate research programs (A) relating to the means of controlling hydrocarbon emissions resulting from the evaporation of gasoline in carburetors and fuel tanks, and the means of controlling emissions of oxides of nitrogen and aldehydes from gasoline-powered or diesel-powered vehicles, and to carry out such research the Secretary shall consult with the technical committee established under section 106 of this Act, and for research concerning diesel-powered vehicles he may add to such committee such representatives from the diesel-powered vehicle industry as he deems appropriate; and (B) directed toward the development of improved low-cost techniques designed to reduce emissions of oxides of sulfur produced by the combustion of sulfur-containing fuels; and (b) In carrying out the provisions of the preceding subsection the Secretary is authorized to (1) collect and make available, through publications and other appropriate means, the results of and other information, including appropriate recommendations by him in connection therewith, pertaining to such research and other activities; (2) cooperate with other Federal departments and agencies, with air pollution control agencies, with other public and private agencies, institutions, and organizations, and with any industries involved, in the preparation and conduct of such research and other activities; (3) make grants to air pollution control agencies, to other public or nonprofit private agencies, institutions, and organizations, and to individuals, for purposes stated in subsection (a) (1) of this section; (4) contract with public or private agencies, institutions, and organizations, and with individuals, without regard to sections 3648 and 3709 of the Revised Statutes (31 U.S.C. 529; 41 U.S.C. 5); (5) provide training for, and make training grants to, personnel of air pollution control agencies and other persons with suitable qualifications; (6) establish and maintain research fellowships, in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and at public or nonprofit private educational institutions or research organizations; (7) collect and disseminate, in cooperation with other Federal departments and agencies, and with other public or private agencies, institutions, and organizations having related responsibilities, basic data on chemical, physical, and biological effects of varying air quality and other information pertaining to air pollution and the prevention and control thereof; and (8) develop effective and practical processes, methods, and prototype devices for the prevention or control of air pollution. (c) (1) In carrying out the provisions of subsection (a) of this section the Secretary shall conduct research on, and survey the results of other scientific studies on, the harmful effects on the health or welfare of persons by the various known air pollution agents (or combinations of agents). (2) Whenever he determines that there is a particular air pollution agent (or combination of agents), present in the air in certain quantities, producing effects harmful to the health or welfare of persons, the Secretary shall compile and publish criteria reflecting accurately the latest scientific knowledge useful in indicating the kind and extent of such effects which may be expected from the presence of such air pollution agent (or combination of agents) in the air in varying quantities. Any such criteria shall be published for informational purposes and made available to municipal, State, and interstate air pollution control agencies. He shall revise and add to such criteria whenever necessary to reflect accurately developing scientific knowledge. (3) The Secretary may recommend to such air pollution control agencies and to other appropriate organizations such criteria of air quality as in his judgment may be necessary to protect the public health and welfare. (d) The Secretary is authorized to construct such facilities and staff and equip them as he determines to be necessary to carry out his functions under this Act. 3 3 (e) If, in the judgment of the Secretary, an air pollution problem of substantial significance may result from discharge or discharges into the atmosphere, he may call a conference concerning this potential air pollution prob 3 Subsecs. 103 (d) and (e) added by sec. 103 of P.L. 89-272. lem to be held in or near one or more of the places where such discharge or discharges are occurring or will occur. All interested persons shall be given an opportunity to be heard at such conference, either orally or in writing, and shall be permitted to appear in person or by representative in accordance with procedures prescribed by the Secretary. If the Secretary finds, on the basis of the evidence presented at such conference, that the discharge or discharges if permitted to take place or continue are likely to cause or contribute to air pollution subject to abatement under section 105 (a), he shall send such find- 42 U.S.C. 1857d ings, together with recommendations concerning the measures which he finds reasonable and suitable to prevent such pollution, to the person or persons whose actions will result in the discharge or discharges involved; to air pollution agencies of the State or States and of the municipality or municipalities where such discharge or discharges will originate; and to the interstate air pollution control agency, if any, in the jurisdictional area of which any such municipality is located. Such findings and recommendations shall be advisory only, but shall be admitted, together with the record of the conference, as part of the record of proceedings under subsections (c), (d), and (e) of section 105. GRANTS FOR SUPPORT OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAMS SEC. 104. (a) From the sums appropriated annually for the purposes of this Act but not to exceed 20 per centum of any such appropriation, the Secretary is authorized to make grants to air pollution control agencies in an amount up to two-thirds of the cost of developing, establishing, or improving programs for the prevention and control of air pollution: Provided, That the Secretary is authorized to make grants to intermunicipal or interstate air pollution control agencies (described in section 302 (b) (2) and (4)) in an amount up to three-fourths of the cost of developing, establishing, or improving, regional air pollution programs. As used in this subsection, the term 'regional air pollution control program' means a program for the prevention and control of air pollution in an area that includes the areas of two or more municipalities, whether in the same or different States. (b) From the sums available under subsection (a) of this section for any fiscal year, the Secretary shall from time to time make grants to air pollution control agencies upon such terms and conditions as the Secretary may find necessary to carry out the purpose of this section. In establishing regulations for the granting of such funds the Secretary shall, so far as practicable, give due consideration to (1) the population, (2) the extent of the actual or potential air pollution problem, and (3) the financial need of the respective agencies. No agency shall |