They cannot expect anybody, whether he is white or Indian or other nationality, to exist in those conditions.

We bought this stuff high and they squeezed us out. And that is what they call relocation. But some of us are held down very closely We have some Federal employees out there on our reservation who are called Federal employees. They are bus drivers, and some work around these different schools. They are members of the three affiliated tribes. They have every right to participate in any loan system. They have been deprived. They have big families. They have children going to high schools and some to colleges, coming back.

They tell us the Bureau policy. A lot of those Bureau policies should be adjusted for the year of 1957 instead of 1910. A lot of those came in the 1910 act. They are still using them. They are old stuff. They should remodel their Bureau policies.

I think that relocation, as I told you, should be looked into. The relocation of the Garrison Dam we call it-just houses set up. The foundations are falling away. Cats and stuff are going through the foundation. An old couple just before I left came to my place. They were weeping that their foundation was so bad they had 3 feet of water there. They lost all their potatoes and all their stuff that they had down in the cellar. And that was supposed to be supervised by the Bureau. And the Army engineers were supposed to have looked after it. They were paid for it.

But those are the things.

And adjustment inasfar as the cattle program is concerned is of vital importance-to consolidate our holdings, put our lands together, buy up more lands and put them together so we can again operate as cattle operators.

We have to pay more due to the fact that all our timber is gone. We have to buy all the material. And sheds have to be built.

One more thing, Senator, is our hospital. Our hospital and health service is bad. Some people have to go 150 miles to get to our local agency. That is 150 miles around either way. From there to the hospital is about, say, 70, 75 miles again from there. Emergency cases

are bad.

So, therefore, we need a hospital close to our reservation, some good hospital.

That is all I have.

Senator DOUGLAS. Thank you.

Little Soldier?

Mr. LITTLE SOLDIER. Senator Douglas, my name is Nathan Little Soldier, secretary of the tribal business council, also a member of the stock association.

I think Mr. Whitman and Mr. Youngbird covered most of the points that want to be brought up. And I think it has been mentioned that we are back of your bill S. 964 and we know it is going to assist the Indians.

I was not here this morning to get in on the discussion, but this Mr. X man that is in the Bureau, what will happen to him if you found

out who he was?

Senator DOUGLAS. Well, we have not yet identified him.

Mr. LITTLE SOLDIER. If this tribe, not only as a tribe, but I think if there was an organization between all of the Indians at present, if

91201-57-pt. 1—53

we could pinpoint Mr. X-maybe there are a few X's-but I think it will all boil down to one Mr. X, and if we could be of any assistance in locating this individual certainly we would be glad.

Senator DOUGLAS. Do you have suspicions as to who Mr. X is? Mr. LITTLE SOLDIER. Yes, I have. I think

Senator DOUGLAS. After the meeting is adjourned, I would appreciate it if you would come up and whisper in my ear.

Mr. LITTLE SOLDIER. I do not think we have to be alone in that. Maybe our feeling might be a little prejudiced and you do not want to take my remark too seriously. I think it would weigh a lot more if a lot of Indians would come along and whisper.

Senator DOUGLAS. Very good. I will sit up here and you can come and whisper in turn.

Mr. LITTLE SOLDIER. It has been stated that the Garrison Reservoir was located outside the reservation and segregated our reservation into five segments and sort of broke up our organization as far as the Indians were concerned. The companies are digging a ditch, an irrigation ditch, that runs approximately 150 to 200 miles east of the reservoir. The water will be tapped all the way up to Grand Forks, which is very rich country farmland. I think it is a perfect and a wonderful setup in showing no assistance there to the reservation.

We have irrigable land. I am interested in farming. But because of the water rights that were lost there, in order for us to try and irrigate our land-the Army engineers have a token line which varies from half a mile to a mile bordering the reservoir-we run into difficulties in trying to get the water over to our own land.

I think it would be of some assistance if we could get that water on our reservation and pay for it just like anyone else. I think that will help the Indian farmers and ranchers.

I ranch out there myself. I was in the Army, and I wanted to make a career in the Army. But after I got over to the countries that I read so much about and heard so much about and had great respect forEngland, France, Germany-and saw the conditions there of the working laborers, I told this Indian: "Mr. Indian, you have a reservation back at home. I think it would be a lot better if you quit the Army and go back and try to make a living back on the reservation."

I did that, and I have been fortunate enough to hit it lucky. I have approximately two and a half sections of consolidated land which the reservoir paid me for, and I had to relocate up in a residual area, running a few cows out there and doing quite well. But I guess I am not the normal Indian. I am just a little above average-not too high, but just a little above average.

If we could get some assistance out there and get these boys started using different ones as an example, I think it would be very much of an assistance there.

Senator DOUGLAS. You have read S. 964?

Mr. LITTLE SOLDIER. Yes, I have, Senator.

Senator DOUGLAS. You favor it, Mr. Little Soldier?

Mr. LITTLE SOLDIER. I certainly do, sir.

Senator DOUGLAS. Thank you very much. Do you have anything else you want to say?

Mr. LITTLE SOLDIER. No. I will just keep our date in mind. I am going to whisper in your ear. Thank you, Senator.

Senator DOUGLAS. Thank you.

Mr. WHITMAN. Senator, I had one other thing I wanted to say, but I missed out. And that is this, the attitude of our various industries in the county. One of the things I sort of opposed about this relocation was because of letting some of our older people go. And that actually was the attitude of these people-because they don't like to hire anybody over 35 years of age.

Senator DOUGLAS. In other words, this does not take care of the middle aged.

Mr. WHITMAN. No.

Senator DOUGLAS. Or older young people, or younger middle-aged people, or middle-aged people.

Mr. WHITMAN. What I am getting at-if the industries were close to the reservation, they would afford an opportunity for some of them. But if they have to relocate, because that is the only choice they have, then that is not the answer, either.

Senator DOUGLAS. Yes, sir. I think that is very good.

Mr. WHITMAN. I just hate to find some of our old Indians in the skid rows of Chicago. I like your city, Senator.

Senator DOUGLAS. It depresses me, too, I may say.

Mr. WHITMAN. We just want to be able to do what we would really like to do, though. Thank you.

Mr. YOUNGBIRD. I have one more. On this big lake that is in the reservation, the Garrison Dam, we would like a juvenile camp and the commissioner of law and order there at the reservation would like two jail houses and a good juvenile camp which would take away their leisure time, fishing and boating.

Senator DOUGLAS. And two jails?

Mr. YOUNGBIRD. Yes. We are short of jails. We have got to travel almost 200 miles in order to take our prisoners in at the present time. Senator DOUGLAS. I'm a little puzzled by your request for two more jails. I had not thought that was the most pressing need amongst the Indians.

Mr. YOUNGBIRD. We have one jail in what they call the Mandry area. That is a long distance, about 150 miles around each way. That is the only one jail in the county. We want one at the extreme east and one at the extreme south, for law and order. But this juvenile camp is on the Missouri bottom there, where the big lake is, so we can have some camp for our boys when they come out of the school.

Senator DOUGLAS. So they won't have to go to jail.

Mr. YOUNGBIRD. That is right.

Senator DOUGLAS. Thank you.

This morning I called the names of certain witneses who were scheduled. They did not respond to their names. I shall call them again.

If they are here and wish to, they may testify briefly.
Mr. Raine, Mr. Martin Vigil, Mrs. Leah Manning.
Mr. VIGIL. Mr. Chairman, I would like to testify.

STATEMENT OF MARTIN VIGIL, ALL PUEBLO COUNCIL,
NEW MEXICO

Mr. VIGIL. My name is Martin Vigil. I am chairman of the All Pueblo Council, the 19 Pueblos. And I want to make a little state

ment here. I want you to excuse my language. I really had no schooling.

Senator DOUGLAS. You are doing all right. Make no apologies. Mr. VIGIL. Well, we have been hearing about this relocation. Some of our Pueblo Indians, they are all farmers along the Rio Grande. Since 1950, up to date, we have had a very dry drought, and the young boys have to force themselves to go to relocate. So they go and make a little money to help their parents. Now at least this year we have a little rain, which will help.

We have a Government school, two boarding schools, and then some of us Indians send their children to the mission school, the Catholic school. The boys and girls that go to the Catholic school, we are not entitled to get a loan for education. I would like to see this go through, because I think they are entitled just as well as any other boarding school or high school or any other mission school. Because it happened with my own family. So I would like, please, Senator, for your help to push this through.

Last year we were told that we were going to be helped by the Government on this drought situation; that the man that couldn't leave his home, stayed home to farm, didn't raise anything, that they are going to have community work, like fences and roads and some other community work, that they were supposed to get jobs. And that has been dropped. We would like to see this continue. Because I have told all my Indian people that they will have a job, because I was promised that, but now my promise is no good. So we would like to see that money so we can help our Indians.

Senator DOUGLAS. So you favor S. 964, is that correct?
Mr. VIGIL. Yes.

Senator DOUGLAS. Thank you very much.

Mr. VIGIL. I was asked to speak especially for that one Pueblo, that they have been asking permission to take the Blue Lake area. They want to use that, because they have been complaining for years. And we would like to see a bill go through to help the Taw Indians get this land.

Senator DOUGLAS. Thank you very much.
Mr. VIGIL. That is all I want to say.

Senator DOUGLAS. Thank you very much.

Mr. Teddy James, Dora John, Mrs. Gloria Wells, Mrs. Grace Par sons, Mrs. Grace Potter, George Owl, Jarrett Blythe, Jay R. Marago. Jr., Woodrow Wilson, Joe Pedro, Mrs. Cadue, Mrs. Minerva Spoon, Walter Voorhees. The names of these individuals have been called twice, and they do not respond.

I am informed that there are two representatives of the Yakima Tribal Council who are here, Mr. Eagle Seelatsee and Mr. Watson Totus, accompanied by their counsel, Mr. Paul M. Niebell. I wonder if they would come forward.

STATEMENTS OF PAUL M. NIEBELL, ATTORNEY FOR THE YAKIMA TRIBE; EAGLE SEELATSEE, SECRETARY, YAKIMA TRIBAL COUN CIL; AND WATSON TOTUS, MEMBER, YAKIMA TRIBAL COUNCIL Mr. NIEBELL. Gentlemen, I would like to introduce to you Mr. Eagle Seelatsee, who is secretary of the Yakima Tribal Council, and Mr.

Watson Totus, who is a member. Before they begin, if the chairman please, Mr. Robert Burnette asked me to request the committee to incorporate at the end of his testimony a pamphlet on Arrow, Inc. I think he mentioned that.

Senator DOUGLAS. That will be done. (See p. 807.)

Would you proceed, gentlemen. We are very glad to have you. Mr. SEELATSEE. Mr. Chairman, I am a member of the Yakima Tribe, a member of the tribal council and secretary. It happened here recently, a few days ago, the Tribal Council went on record, selecting myself, and Totus here, to be official delegates to these hearings held in Washington, D. C.

From what I understand in regard to this bill in discussion, S. 964, what we are confronted with on the reservation is this. We, the Yakima Indians, and the leaders of that tribe, advocate to our young people to obtain an education whereby when they have obtained an education, they can get out in the world and protect themselves and take care of themselves. But right at the present time, we have a peculiar situation there. And it amounts to this.

That area in there is agricultural. The farmers of that area, rather than to accommodate the local race of people, the Indians, they turn around and import Mexican labor. That puts out the work for our own local Indians, and they roam around on the reservation. And also the people that obtain a high school education, they cannot go anywhere to obtain any kind of work. So that makes a rather kind of bad situation. And it falls back to the Tribal Council. What are the tribal councils going to do in order to help the people on the reservation?

The program comes in in regard to relocation. At first there was a relocation by the Government a while back, when they were relocated to these areas in different cities. It seemed like there never was a followup. The people returned. The leaders asked them "Why do you come back?" "Well, there was no more work after we got there."

The same goes to the present program. We find our young people coming back, and we ask them the reason. "Well, my work was done, and it seemed like I was through." Most of the young people are coming back.

Of course, there are others that are fortunate to have obtained a higher education. Those are the ones that are really accommodated by this program. But you take the people that haven't had the education, and they get a job with a pick and shovel, what you may call it. So those are the ones that return to the reservation. Then they are a burden upon their own people in order to live-what little income they get out of the lease rentals.

So I think this bill that is being proposed at this time may help the situation among our tribes of that reservation.

I thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Senator DOUGLAS. Mr. Totus, did you have anything you wished to add?

Mr. Torus. Yes, Mr. Chairman. This S. 964 we favor. It will develop our resources and timbered area and the grazing. Besides, Yakima is not a rich people like others. We have a lot of people that are landless Indians. They didn't get land when they were allotting the allotments.