whole practically fire-proof. These wards are located within sixty feet of the extreme ends of the main building, and it is contemplated to connect both with corridors one-story high, to facilitate communication with all parts of the hospital.

The expenditures for the last two years for betterments have been about $10,000. The state has acquired title to 673 acres of land in connection with this hospital. The value of produce raised on the farm for 1888 was valued at $11,678 and in 1889, at $12,369.

The total inventory of the hospital property foots up to $780,000.

The demand for betterments for the next two years is figured at $25,000.

The total number of inmates connected with the hospital on July 31, 1889, was 973, of which number 68 were out on trial with their friends.

On July 31, 1890, there were connected with the hospital 1,034, of which number 67 were out on trial visits to their friends.

THE SECOND MINNESOTA HOSPITAL FOR INSANE.

RESIDENT OFFICERS.

Arthur F. Kilbourne, M. D., Medical Superintendent.
Robert M. Phelps, M. D., First Assistant Physician.

N. M. Baker, M. D., Assistant Physician.

Sarah V. Linton, M. D., Assistant Physician.

W. H. Knapp, Steward.

Union National Rank of Rochester, Treasurer.

This institution is located at Rochester, Olmsted county, and the history of its organization is as follows:

By a special law passed by the legislature of 1873, and amended in 1874, a tax of $10 on all liquor dealers was assessed to raise a fund for the establishment of a state inebriate asylum, and when completed it was to be maintained by a continuation of the same tax. As soon as a sufficient fund was accumulated the inebriate asylum board purchased a farm of 160 acres within a mile and a half of the city of Rochester for $9,000. They secured plans and began building in 1877. Strong opposition was raised by the liquor dealers against this tax as discrimin

ating and unjust. Test cases were tried in the courts and the constitutionality of the law was sustained. But at the same time it became apparent and was admitted generally that room was much more urgently needed for the care of the rapidly increasing insane of the state than for inebriates. The legislature of 1878, considering this point and in view of the determined opposition to the inebriate asylum to be built and maintained on this plan, repealed the act levying the tax and changed it into the second Minnesota hospital for insane, with the proviso, however, that inebriates should be admitted into the institution, and cared for and treated at the expense of the state, on the same basis as the insane.

The building was in an unfinished condition, consisting of a centre and small east wing which were only under roof without inside finish, and without any out-buildings, such as laundry and engine house.

The trustees examined the property and recognized the unsuitableness of the structure for the purposes of an insane hospital, and the fact that it would necessarily require many changes to adapt it to this new object. Owing to these objections the hospital trustees (being the same board as for the hospital at St. Peter) hesitated to accept the transfer; but the urgency for room was so great that they reluctantly accepted it, to do the best they could with it. An appropriation of $15,000 accompanied the transfer as a fund to be used in preparing the buildings for the accommodation of patients. This was done in the summer of 1878.

Dr. J. E. Bowers, with over ten years experience as first assistant physician at St. Peter, was elected superintendent, and the Rev. A. H. Kerr, who had been a trustee from the beginning of the hospital, was chosen steward. On January 1, 1879, the institution was opened for the reception of patients. Transfers were made from St. Peter, and new cases were admitted, and the accommodations for one hundred men were soon filled.

The legislature of 1880 granted $20,000 for the erection of a wing on the west side for women. This was put up in the summer of 1880, and was just ready for the furniture and heating apparatus when the terrible fire occurred at St. Peter. The means for furnishing and heating were immediately provided.

The building was hastily completed, and furnished room for over one hundred women, who were transferred to relieve the crowded condition of the first hospital. In 1882 a large extension was built on the men's side, making room for two hundred, and costing when furnished $76,000. In 1883 and 1884 a similar wing was built on the west side for women, costing when furnished $83,000, thus completing the design of the main structure, with a capacity for six hundred patients. All additions made subsequent to the sad experience at St. Peter have been built on a fire-proof plan. While all the buildings erected prior to that date are of ordinary construction, of a dangerous and inflammable character, with hollow floors, lath and plaster partitions and shingle roof, economy, safety and humanity demand that these original parts of the structure for which the hospital trustees are not responsible, should be reconstructed on a fire-proof plan. This portion of the hospital buildings is reported in such dangerous condition that the trustees are now making an urgent demand for an appropriation of $100,000 to rebuild the same in a proper manner. The building of the detached ward, authorized by the legislature of 1887, was completed and accepted for occupancy on the 12th of February, 1890.

In addition to the main buildings there have been erected an engine house and chimney, coal house, gas house, ice house, laundry, carpenter shop, green house, and hose house. The hospital is provided with a system of water works, consisting of a large well near the engine house, capable of affording 100,000 gallons per day, with two Worthington duplex pumps to force the water into a reservoir on the bluff, holding 250,000 gallons.

A cave cellar has been excavated in the sandrock bluff, with bins capable of holding thousands of bushels of vegetables, and a chamber for the storage of butter, and another that holds two car loads of apples. Aside from being a curiosity it is unexcelled for usefulness.

The hospital farm contains 480 acres, and the trustees report that a larger amount of land could be profitably used in furnishing employment to inmates. The total value of products raised on the farm for 1888-9 is $12,260, and for 1889-90, $14,732.

The total inventory of all property, independent of food, on July 31, 1890, was about $480,000.