Mr. Chairman, my name is William H. Draper, Jr., and I serve as national chairman of the Population Crisis Committee, as honorary vice chairman of Planned Parenthood in this country and as special representative of the International Planned Parenthood Federation. However, I am testifying today as an interested individual who has been working in this field on a purely voluntary basis for a number of years and not as an official spokesman for any organization.

I am honored, indeed, to be appearing for the third time before the Foreign Relations Committee. The time given the world to solve the population explosion before it is too late is growing shorter and shorter. I believe that the highest priority in our foreign aid program must be given as a matter of critical urgency to helping the developing world solve that problem.

POPULATION CRISIS RECOGNIZED

I pay tribute to the far-sighted wisdom with which this committee and the Congress and I notice Senator Javits here who has been in the forefront of this work and you yourself, Mr. Chairman, but the Congress and this committee have recognized the population crisis by specifically earmarking $35 million for population and family planning programs in fiscal year 1968. The earmarked funds were increased to $50 million in 1969. As a result, our Government has begun to provide substantial help to those countries with high population growth rates which are ready to help themselves. I was delighted to read a few days ago that Secretary of State Rogers and AID Administrator Hannah, in testifying before this committee, have withdrawn the objection formerly raised by the executive branch to the earmarking of population funds. I strongly recommend that $100 million be so earmarked for fiscal year 1970, and will discuss the need for this amount later in this statement.

Apollo 11 is now nearing the moon in mankind's greatest and most ambitious exploration ever.

Last Tuesday, I appeared before a congressional task force concerned with the world population explosion. Col. Frank Borman, commander of Apollo 10, who so recently circled the moon and has just returned from a friendly visit to Russia, was a guest of honor and spoke briefly to the group. After reporting on the great good will displayed by all the Russians he had just met toward America and Americans generally, he recalled the Apollo 10 flight and commented on how very small the world had appeared from 240,000 miles away.

"The world is finite," he said, "and its resources are limited. Our human population is now growing so fast that it is already taxing those resources. Unless population growth can be soon brought under control, quantities of people will downgrade their quality, resources will be insufficient, and before long our world and our civilization will distintegrate."

I am convinced myself that this is not an exaggeration.

POPULATION EXPLOSION-THREAT TO HUMAN RACE

Former President Johnson and the late General Eisenhower both termed the population explosion-aside from the danger of nuclear war as the greatest threat to the future of the human race.

Next month Russia and the United States begin discussing ways and means of controlling the arms race and, hopefully, of reducing tensions and the threat of nuclear war. I would also hope that soon Russia and the United States might hold discussions looking toward the launching of a cooperative effort to assist the developing countries of the world jointly and through the United Nations in dealing with their burgeon. ing and overwhelming population growth.

Last year our own rate of population growth was 1 percent, including immigration; Russia's rate of growth was 1.1 percent. The people of both countries have recognized that smaller families are better for all concerned and for the nation as a whole. Both countries have been reducing their birth and their growth rates during the past decade by about one-tenth of 1 percent each year. Western Europe, Canada, Australia, and Japan also average out at about a 1-percent annual population increase. If this general trend in the developed, industrialized countries, so-called, continues, they will be well on their way toward solving their internal population problems.

But Asia, aside from Japan, Africa, and Latin America-the continents already afflicted with poverty, illiteracy, and unsatisfactory economic development, those areas least able to cope with more and more people to feed and house and educate are growing at rates between 212 and 3 percent each year-several times the rate of increase here or in Russia. If Russia and the United States-in their own economic and political interests would together offer the necessary leadership, technical assistance, and sufficient resources-this seemingly insoluble problem can certainly be solved.

Otherwise, neither Russia nor the United States can long prosper in peace and tranquility if two-thirds of mankind continue to gradually sink deeper and deeper in poverty and despair. The population crisis and its devastating effect is not something far off in the future—it is here today.

SERIOUSNESS OF PROBLEM REALIZED

It is true that the world is now beginning to understand the seriousness of the problem, and that it has already started to do something about it. Several countries-Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, and our own Puerto Rico have begun to reduce their rates of growth and have proved it can be done. These are developing countries. The developed countries have already done that but until a few years ago it was not clear at all that the so-called developing countries could do this. But only a bare beginning has so far been made. Ironically it is the success of science, the miracles of medicine, and of technology bringing better individual health that have thrown the developing world's death rates and birth rates so far out of balance and that now threaten world catastrophe.

Only massive birth control operating effectively throughout the developing world can possibly restore the balance and save what is today a deteriorating situation.

PROBLEM CRITICAL IN ASIA

Throughout much of Asia the problem is already critical and whole nations are faced with social, economic, and political breakdown. Early

this year I visited Dacca in East Pakistan where serious rioting was just getting underway which soon spread to nearly every city in East and West Pakistan and which finally caused the resignation of President Ayub Khan. A week later, I visited India where somewhat similar rioting and political instability were also taking place. I fear that the frustrations of the past 20 years of freedom for India and Pakistan, during which rapid population growth has prevented any substantial improvement in the per capita standard of living, are beginning to take their toll. The hundreds of millions who exist in the Indian subcontinent under conditions of such grinding poverty need our greatly increased technical and financial support and must themselves devote much greater resources and trained personnel if their officially sponsored family planning programs are to succeed.

Only a few weeks ago I was in the Philippines and in Indonesia. These are two poverty-stricken countries that are beginning to recognize that their own economic development depends on lower rates of population growth. I discussed the problem with both President Marcos in the Philippines and President Suharto in Indonesia. In both countries active preparations are underway for national family planning programs which, when gotten underway, will sorely tax their meager resources. These poverty stricken countries, too, will need increasing help from our foreign aid program for technical assistance, for contraceptives, for vehicles, for medical equipment, and for moving-picture machines and loudspeakers to tell their people about the economic and health benefits of the smaller family.

These two island nations, with a combined population nearly as great as our own, are just beginning to recognize that their greatest economic handicap is too rapid population growth. This awakening interest in these two countries illustrates why our help in dealing with the population problem must double, and double again, if our whole economic aid program is to be meaningful.

Everywhere this concern is growing. Everywhere in the developing countries the need and desire for assistance in dealing with the population explosion is increasing. Experience in this new field of endeavor, plus new research and new knowledge are constantly expanding our capacity to provide effective help.

PROGRESS MADE IN AWARENESS AND UNDERSTANDING OF PROBLEM

Last year I reported that great progress had been made in spreading an awareness and understanding of the meaning of too rapid population growth, and that a considerable share of this progress could be credited to the increased interest and activity of the U.S. Government's AID program. I have found the AID program and our embassies in many parts of the world making more and more progress in giving help in this field. A sum of $35 million had been earmarked for programs relating to population growth by the Congress for fiscal 1968 and had all been obligated last year, with $50 million earmarked for 1969. This progress has continued and I understand that most of these earmarked funds have also now been obligated.

The developing world has made a good start. As more and more people learn about family planning and its possibilities for a better life,

the need for greater local and U.S. resources follows as the night follows the day.

I suggest and strongly recommend in our best interest, and in the interest of our children and our grandchildren, that $100 million be earmarked for programs of population and family planning for fiscal 1970. Solving the population problem will not solve all other problems. Economic development, increased agricultural production, and industrial growth are all essential, but unless the population problem in any country becomes manageable, economic development in that country will certainly fail. The highest priority in the entire foreign aid program should go to population programs to the full extent such aid can be effectively employed. With added personnel-two or three times the present number are certainly needed-and under the enlightened leadership of John Hannah and Rutherford Poats in AID, the $100 million can be put to effective use.

POPULATION PROGRAMS NEED MORE MONEY

I am convinced that the normal growth of this third year of active population programs will require $70 or $75 million rather than the $50 of last year. In addition I am convinced that $10 or $15 million can be effectively employed in assisting 30 or 40 developing countries prepare for their 1970 and 1971 census taking-on which the world's demographic forecasts and decisions will necessarily be made. I am convinced that $10 or $15 million should also be made available for the population programs of the United Nations and its associated agencies. The World Health Organization, which is carrying on an assembly in Boston at the present time, UNICEF, UNESCO, the International Labor Organization, and the Food and Agriculture Organization, to say nothing of the World Bank which has taken an active part recently, all have population programs in the planning stage. They need substantial financing from us and from other donor countries. Multilateral programs in population planning and control, sensitive areas everywhere, are far more welcome and far more effective in many countries than in bilateral assistance.

Finally, I am convinced-in fact, I am certain-that $10 or $15 million invested in contraceptive research-looking for contraceptives better adapted to the needs of the largely illiterate village populations of so many developing countries, and carried on by scientists of those countries themselves, but in conjunction with similar research activities in our own American laboratories and universities, can almost certainly hasten contraceptive breakthroughs and bring about greatly improved birth control practices better adapted to the communities and the nations in which the most serious problems exist.

Doubling last year's earmarked allocation for population programs still means a very small percentage of our total aid, 5 or 6 percent, something of that kind, but one which is vital to all other aid programs.

PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE ON POPULATION

I was delayed by going to the White House. I have with me copies for the Senators of the President's Message to Congress being delivered today. I would like to just quote one paragraph which I think

strongly highlights what I have been trying to say. The President says, and the entire message is on population.

Senator MCGEE. Perhaps it would be appropriate if we put the President's message in the record of hearings.

Mr. DRAPER. Yes; may I introduce it, I have copies here, I will quote this one paragraph. The President has often spoken of this problem, in fact I discussed this problem with him 10 years ago when I was chairman of President Eisenhower's committee when we recommended that foreign aid be given in population matters to President Eisenhower. The then Vice President Nixon was completely in favor at that time and has been ever since, but he says this morning to Congress, in the first public statement since he came into office:

"I have asked the Secretary of State and the Administrator of the Agency for International Development to give population and family planning high priority for attention, personnel, research, and funding"-I think I mentioned all of those without knowing the President was going to steal my thunder-"among our several aid programs. Similarly, I am asking the Secretaries"--and this shows how broadly the President is looking at this question now-"of Commerce, and Health, Education and Welfare, and the Directors of the Peace Corps and the U.S. Information Agency to give close attention to population matters as they plan their overseas operation. I also call on the Department of Agriculture and the Agency for International Development to investigate ways of adapting and extending our agricultural experience and capabilities to improve food production and distribution in developing countries. In all of these international efforts, our programs should give further recognition to the important resources of private organizations and university research centers. As we increase our population and family planning efforts abroad, we also call upon other nations to enlarge their programs in this area."

I won't read the rest of the address which is a remarkable document. He covers domestic problems, of course, in detail as well as the foreign problem. I thank the committee for the opportunity to appear. (The press release follows:)

[From the Office of the White House Press Secretary, July 18, 1969]

To the Congress of the United States:

In 1830 there were one billion people on the planet earth. By 1930 there were two billion, and by 1960 there were three billion. Today the world population is three and one-half billion persons.

These statistics illustrate the dramatically increasing rate of population growth. It took many thousands of years to produce the first billion people; the next billion took a century, the third came after thirty years; the fourth will be produced in just fifteen.

If this rate of population growth continues, it is likely that the earth will contain over seven billion human beings by the end of this century. Over the next thirty years, in other words, the world's population could double. And at the end of that time, each new addition of one billion persons would not come over the millenia nor over a century nor even over a decade. If present trends were to continue until the year 2000, the eighth billion would be added in only five years and each additional billion in an even shorter period.

While there are a variety of opinions as to precisely now fast population will grow in the coming decades, most informed observers have a similar response to all such projections. They agree that population growth is among the most important issues we face. They agree that it can be met only if there is a great deal of advance planning. And they agree that the time for such planning is growing very short. It is for all these reasons that I address myself to the population 32-308-69-13