Medical Uses of StatisticsJohn C. Bailar III, Frederick Mosteller CRC Press, 2019 M05 20 - 480 pages This work explains the purpose of statistical methods in medical studies and analyzes the statistical techniques used by clinical investigators, with special emphasis on studies published in "The New England Journal of Medicine". It clarifies fundamental concepts of statistical design and analysis, and facilitates the understanding of research results. |
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Page 9
... reduce the risk that knowledge of treatment assignment or results may lead to contamination of the conclusions. INTEGRITY OF OPERATIONAL DEFINITION When we move from studies where the investigators impose treatments to those where they ...
... reduce the risk that knowledge of treatment assignment or results may lead to contamination of the conclusions. INTEGRITY OF OPERATIONAL DEFINITION When we move from studies where the investigators impose treatments to those where they ...
Page 15
... reduced by using larger samples, so long as the processes of acquiring the data are not degraded in the effort to enlarge the sample. (There are important practical issues here. Doubling the sample size by allowing a particle counter to ...
... reduced by using larger samples, so long as the processes of acquiring the data are not degraded in the effort to enlarge the sample. (There are important practical issues here. Doubling the sample size by allowing a particle counter to ...
Page 16
... reduce this bias. Bias can enter not only through equipment but in follow-up, identification of disease stages, treatment, history taking, record keeping, and patient responses. Patients referred from different sources often differ ...
... reduce this bias. Bias can enter not only through equipment but in follow-up, identification of disease stages, treatment, history taking, record keeping, and patient responses. Patients referred from different sources often differ ...
Page 21
... reduce statistical variation. One device exploits knowledge about interfering variables by applying regression methods (analysis of covariance). Another chooses closely similar subsets of the eligible population within which to compare ...
... reduce statistical variation. One device exploits knowledge about interfering variables by applying regression methods (analysis of covariance). Another chooses closely similar subsets of the eligible population within which to compare ...
Page 26
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analysis applied assessment assigned authors average calculated called cancer Chapter clinical trials combined comparison considered crossover decision depends described determine discussed disease drug effects Engl England Journal error estimate example expected experiment Figure findings fitted four give given groups Health hospital hypothesis important improvement included increase indicated interpretation interval issues Journal less means measurements ment meta-analysis mortality multiple myocardial infarction N Engl observed original outcome patients percent period population possible present probability problems procedures published questions randomized readers reasons reduce REFERENCES regression relation reported requires response risk sample scientific selection shows significant sometimes specific standard statistical methods subjects Table techniques therapy tion treated treatment usually variables variance Yes Yes