Medical Uses of StatisticsJohn C. Bailar III, Frederick Mosteller CRC Press, 2019 M05 20 - 480 pages This work explains the purpose of statistical methods in medical studies and analyzes the statistical techniques used by clinical investigators, with special emphasis on studies published in "The New England Journal of Medicine". It clarifies fundamental concepts of statistical design and analysis, and facilitates the understanding of research results. |
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Page 8
... opportunity for constructing noncomparable treatment groups is ample. If evaluation of subjective end points is made by observers who know which treatment the patient received, then another potential source of bias 8 l Statistical Concepts.
... opportunity for constructing noncomparable treatment groups is ample. If evaluation of subjective end points is made by observers who know which treatment the patient received, then another potential source of bias 8 l Statistical Concepts.
Page 9
... groups or similar groups in different epochs, the problems are likely to be markedly more difficult to solve. For example, the record may not always contain sufficient information for the operational definition of crucial matters. In ...
... groups or similar groups in different epochs, the problems are likely to be markedly more difficult to solve. For example, the record may not always contain sufficient information for the operational definition of crucial matters. In ...
Page 10
... groups of subjects are appropriate for what aspects of the study at hand. Such thinking can also help to define ... group would be treated with current standard therapy. An infinite supply of data gathered in this way could at best ...
... groups of subjects are appropriate for what aspects of the study at hand. Such thinking can also help to define ... group would be treated with current standard therapy. An infinite supply of data gathered in this way could at best ...
Page 16
... group's measurements were made on instrument I and the control groups measurements on instrument II, any instrument bias would be confounded with treatment; large sample size would not reduce this bias. Bias can enter not only through ...
... group's measurements were made on instrument I and the control groups measurements on instrument II, any instrument bias would be confounded with treatment; large sample size would not reduce this bias. Bias can enter not only through ...
Page 17
... groups have not been constructed as random subsets of a single group of eligible patients but instead have simply been found to be similar in some ways, then one may still go through the motions of statistical methods, but the ...
... groups have not been constructed as random subsets of a single group of eligible patients but instead have simply been found to be similar in some ways, then one may still go through the motions of statistical methods, but the ...
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analysis applied assessment assigned authors average calculated called cancer Chapter clinical trials combined comparison considered crossover decision depends described determine discussed disease drug effects Engl England Journal error estimate example expected experiment Figure findings fitted four give given groups Health hospital hypothesis important improvement included increase indicated interpretation interval issues Journal less means measurements ment meta-analysis mortality multiple myocardial infarction N Engl observed original outcome patients percent period population possible present probability problems procedures published questions randomized readers reasons reduce REFERENCES regression relation reported requires response risk sample scientific selection shows significant sometimes specific standard statistical methods subjects Table techniques therapy tion treated treatment usually variables variance Yes Yes