Medical Uses of StatisticsJohn C. Bailar III, Frederick Mosteller CRC Press, 2019 M05 20 - 480 pages This work explains the purpose of statistical methods in medical studies and analyzes the statistical techniques used by clinical investigators, with special emphasis on studies published in "The New England Journal of Medicine". It clarifies fundamental concepts of statistical design and analysis, and facilitates the understanding of research results. |
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Page 7
... effects of all four concepts on study design and statistical reporting. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION Many medical investigations follow a characteristic pattern: the investigator imposes one or more treatments on subjects of certain kinds ...
... effects of all four concepts on study design and statistical reporting. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION Many medical investigations follow a characteristic pattern: the investigator imposes one or more treatments on subjects of certain kinds ...
Page 8
... effects on well-being each may entail. Here we see highlighted the need for carefully devising (and operationally defining) any control treatment. PHASES IN A STUDY A comparative trial of treatments typically comprises several ...
... effects on well-being each may entail. Here we see highlighted the need for carefully devising (and operationally defining) any control treatment. PHASES IN A STUDY A comparative trial of treatments typically comprises several ...
Page 10
... effects from prospective new drugs. If a drug is intended to treat a disease affecting mainly elderly patients, and if younger subjects are expected to be used in a clinical trial, this question should arise before the study begins ...
... effects from prospective new drugs. If a drug is intended to treat a disease affecting mainly elderly patients, and if younger subjects are expected to be used in a clinical trial, this question should arise before the study begins ...
Page 11
... effects. A useful way to make this idea of a statistical relationship more amenable to quantitative treatment is the ... effect. For example, an extensive study of adult men might show strong and roughly equal positive associations ...
... effects. A useful way to make this idea of a statistical relationship more amenable to quantitative treatment is the ... effect. For example, an extensive study of adult men might show strong and roughly equal positive associations ...
Page 12
... effects cannot be distinguished. A common, often subtle, and sometimes ruinous form of confounding occurs when the personal choice of a patient (or physician or other key participant) can affect either side of a treatment comparison ...
... effects cannot be distinguished. A common, often subtle, and sometimes ruinous form of confounding occurs when the personal choice of a patient (or physician or other key participant) can affect either side of a treatment comparison ...
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analysis applied assessment assigned authors average calculated called cancer Chapter clinical trials combined comparison considered crossover decision depends described determine discussed disease drug effects Engl England Journal error estimate example expected experiment Figure findings fitted four give given groups Health hospital hypothesis important improvement included increase indicated interpretation interval issues Journal less means measurements ment meta-analysis mortality multiple myocardial infarction N Engl observed original outcome patients percent period population possible present probability problems procedures published questions randomized readers reasons reduce REFERENCES regression relation reported requires response risk sample scientific selection shows significant sometimes specific standard statistical methods subjects Table techniques therapy tion treated treatment usually variables variance Yes Yes