Medical Uses of StatisticsJohn C. Bailar III, Frederick Mosteller CRC Press, 2019 M05 20 - 480 pages This work explains the purpose of statistical methods in medical studies and analyzes the statistical techniques used by clinical investigators, with special emphasis on studies published in "The New England Journal of Medicine". It clarifies fundamental concepts of statistical design and analysis, and facilitates the understanding of research results. |
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Page 8
... cancer patients, and the Mini Mental State Examination for cognitive function in the elderly. Treatments are often not what investigators believe and intend them to be, and careful operational definition can require subtle distinctions ...
... cancer patients, and the Mini Mental State Examination for cognitive function in the elderly. Treatments are often not what investigators believe and intend them to be, and careful operational definition can require subtle distinctions ...
Page 11
... cancer and smoking, without resolving questions of cause and effect. For example, an extensive study of adult men might show strong and roughly equal positive associations between height and weight and between girth and weight. We must ...
... cancer and smoking, without resolving questions of cause and effect. For example, an extensive study of adult men might show strong and roughly equal positive associations between height and weight and between girth and weight. We must ...
Page 18
... cancer and cigarette smoking, for instance, was achieved through a host of studies stretching over years. For each study that found an adverse effect of smoking, it was possible to suggest biases that had not been controlled, thus ...
... cancer and cigarette smoking, for instance, was achieved through a host of studies stretching over years. For each study that found an adverse effect of smoking, it was possible to suggest biases that had not been controlled, thus ...
Page 19
... cancer seven key observational (nonrandomized) studies published in 1954 (their references 38, 84, 138, 158, 175, 268, and 365). In that same year, 1954, the poliovaccine trial, a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled experiment ...
... cancer seven key observational (nonrandomized) studies published in 1954 (their references 38, 84, 138, 158, 175, 268, and 365). In that same year, 1954, the poliovaccine trial, a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled experiment ...
Page 30
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analysis applied assessment assigned authors average calculated called cancer Chapter clinical trials combined comparison considered crossover decision depends described determine discussed disease drug effects Engl England Journal error estimate example expected experiment Figure findings fitted four give given groups Health hospital hypothesis important improvement included increase indicated interpretation interval issues Journal less means measurements ment meta-analysis mortality multiple myocardial infarction N Engl observed original outcome patients percent period population possible present probability problems procedures published questions randomized readers reasons reduce REFERENCES regression relation reported requires response risk sample scientific selection shows significant sometimes specific standard statistical methods subjects Table techniques therapy tion treated treatment usually variables variance Yes Yes