In still other programs, we are presently working with the Atlanta Housing Authority to set aside space in all major public housing facilities for libraries to be placed there and operated under a cooperative program with the tenants' association in each. We are also working closely with Economic Opportunity Atlanta and the recently established Postal Street Academy. We are in the final stages of negotiating contracts with the Postal Street Academy to operate libraries in connection with their educational programs. We were struck by the similarity of approach used by this innovative and successful program with that of the Library. In still another area, the Library mounted over the past year one of the most extensive film programs ever attempted through a city library and it's branches. To date in 1970, some 110,000 persons have viewed films and enjoyed corresponding programs through the Library. Over the past several weeks, I have met with representatives of the Academy Theatre, which recently received a major grant through the Ford Foundation for experimental theatre projects, and with the Youth Experimental Opera Workshop, working under grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the city schools. In these programs, young people will stage productions through branch libraries and intermingle with younger children to gain an appreciation for the spoken and written word. BIOGRAPHICAL DATA OF CARLTON ROCHELL Present Position: Director, Atlanta Public Library, Atlanta, Ga. Director of Public Libraries, Atlanta, Ga., Jan. 1968, to present. Director of Public Libraries, Anniston, Ala., 1963-65. Director of Public Libraries, Hattiesburg, Miss., 1961-63. Special Assistant to Director and Reference Librarian, Nashville Public Seminars Atlanta University-Public Library of the city, 1969 to present. Professional and Civic Activities: Member: American Library Association, Southeastern Library Association. Georgia Library Association, Metro Atlanta Library Association; Technical Advisory Board-Model Cities Atlanta, 1968 to date; Education Committee, Greater Atlanta Chamber of Commerce, 1968 to date; Chairman Public Information Committee of Citizens Advisory Committee for Urban Development, 1969–70; Arts Festival Atlanta Board, 1969 to date; Executive Board of various community action committees since 1964. Education: B.S. Mathematics, George Peabody College, Nashville, Tenn.; Masters (LS), Florida State University Tallahassee; currently studying toward Ph.D., Urban Life Center, Georgia State University. Mr. BRADEMAS. Thank you very much. Chairman Perkins, do you have any questions? Mr. PERKINS. No questions at this time. I am just delighted that the distinguished subcommittee chairman, Mr. Brademas, is moving this legislation. We want to make sure that we get a library bill in before the adjournment of the Congress. The library people it is a credit to their organization-have done much in recent years to improve the library programs. It has been a pleasure to work with the Library Association in seeing such progress. We want to continue to see more progress. Mr. Brademas and I will work together to see that we get a bill enacted before the adjournment of the Congress. Mr. BRADEMAS. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Hansen? Mr. HANSEN. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Let me also extend a welcome and our appreciation to both of you for your helpful testimony. I would only ask one question. Perhaps both of you could respond to it. That is, with respect to the consolidation features of the bill which were not really touched on to any extent in the prepared statements, could you give us some reaction to the principle of consolidation and the extent to which you think it might be effectively accomplished in this legislation? Mr. Doмs. Mr. Hansen, I certainly respect the goal of consolidation. However, I tend to view this as an ultimate goal. It seems to me that although libraries have been improved greatly over the last 15 years or so, there is a great distance to go before we come close to meeting our national standard for good library service. It is for that reason that I would personally favor retention of specific categorical titles for categorical aid. For example—and I am speaking now as an administrator of LSCA programs at the local level, not at the State level-I would find it quite acceptable to have titles IV-A and IV-B consolidated with title I ́as a service title. I should like to see title II continued as a separate title. And I think, for reasons that I mentioned earlier, that it makes great sense to retain title III as a separate title, if we are really to be effective in terms of developing and implementing significant programs of interlibrary cooperation. Mr. HANSEN. Thank you. Mr. ROCHELLE. The only thing I would add to that is, that I support basic provisions that Mr. Doms has outlined. I would remind you that, although this bill as far as support of public libraries dates back to 1956, title III, the interlibrary cooperation title, and the specialized services, titles IV-A and IV-B are relatively new. To me, the great potential is yet to be reached with title III. I would like to see this title kept separate. I would like to urge that it be funded at the 100 percent level by Federal funds. When we get into the business of anteing up matching proportions of funds through various types of libraries, it becomes almost an impossible situation. Also, the level of funding of this title has been such that we really haven't seen the potential or the possibilities under this title. So, I join Mr. Doms in suggesting that consolidation of IV-A and IV-B and title I would be acceptable, but hopefully we can retain titles II and III as separate titles. Mr. HANSEN. Thank you very much. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. BRADEMAS. Thank you very much, gentlemen. Can you tell me if it is the position, Mr. Doms, of the American Library Association to support the bill S. 3318 as represented by the committee print of August 18, 1970 from the Senate Labor and Public Welfare Committee? Mr. Doмs. I have been speaking as an individual with regard to consolidation. Miss Miller and Mr. McDonough, I think, as members of State libraries really were representing the official point of view of the American Library Association in behalf of the association. Mr. BRADEMAS. Do I understand you to be telling me that the ALA does support this Senate committee bill? I am not sure I understand. Mr. Doмs. It would be my interpretation that ALA, first of all, supports a 5-year extension of LSCA; that it would support increased fundings; that it recognizes the merits of the principle of consolidation, but at this point in time would look with favor only upon the type of consolidation I have just mentioned; namely, to create a service title I which would bring into it titles IV-A and IV-B, to retain title II as a separate title and to retain title III as a separate title supported by Federal funds to the extent of 100 percent. Mr. BRADEMAS. That is basically what the Senate Committee bill does as I understand it. Are you representing the ALA, sir? Mr. Doмs. Yes. Mr. BRADEMAS. What about the $200,000 allotment at issue? Mr. Doмs. I think that my colleagues, members of the American Library Association, would find this inadequate. Mr. BRADEMAS. I take it that you are sympathetic to the stress which I believe is contained in both of the bills we have been discussing on more attention to problems to provide library services to the disad vantaged. Mr. Doмs. Very much so, Mr. Chairman. Rather than having me talk about specific programs or describe further other programs that have a real impact in connection with service to the disadvantaged, I think you would be far more interested in knowing that, in my view, the American Library Association, which comprises citizen trustees, professional libraries and other interested parties, has assumed a very strong posture and indicated a firm commitment to give more and more of its effort and attention to the problems of serving the disadvantaged people of this country. They have indicated this by word and by deed, and I think I would not be going too far afield if I were to report that the public libraries of America are in the process of making a large-scale commitment to helping to ease these problems as libraries can best do so. Over the past years, it has been very clear to me that librarians have revised some of their attitudes, new techniques have been learned, publishers are beginning to come out with materials which have more relevance to the needs of the disadvantaged adults and children, but there is a crying need at this time for more money. In our towns of Atlanta and Philadelphia, it just is not available. Mr. BRADEMAS. That is the reason too, I take it, Mr. Rochell, that you drew attention to the need of providing funds for metropolitan public libraries that would serve as resources for entire regions of the country. Mr. ROCHELL. That is true. At this particular point there are a number of cities that are easily identified, and mainly these are the same cities that are facing insurmountable financial problems in every area. Yet they are responsible for maintaining the only major research collections to an entire region. What I am suggesting here is, that of all the areas we can point to that need some assistance from State and Federal sources, I think this would be one of the two top priorities, and the other, service to disadvantaged, which is also a city problem. Mr. BRADEMAS. Thank you very much. I would like to observe, before calling the next witness, that I have found, Mr. Rochell, your observations on some of the problems that would arise from a consolidation of construction with services very much on target. Thank you very much, gentlemen. There are two other witnesses this morning: Mr. Alex P. Allain, and Mrs. Margaret Warden. The Chair observes that present is our dis S tinguished colleague, Congressman Olsen. We would like at this time to call on Mr. Olsen to present a witness from his own State. Mr. Olsen, you may proceed. STATEMENT OF HON. ARNOLD OLSEN, A REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF MONTANA Mr. OLSEN. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. It is really a great pleasure to present this dear lady from the State of Montana and city of Great Falls, who is chairman of the board of trustees of our library at Great Falls. Our community of Great Falls has built a beautiful thing in their library. The building is great, but the contents are greater. She is one of the inspirations for this. She is one of those who went out and struggled on the streets to gather the money to build it and to continue to put the things in it that are necessary. The reason I have to vote in favor of all the legislation you have, Mr. Brademas, is that I can't offend this woman. I have to vote for everything you propose. I hope you propose something better for the libraries of America, because, if you don't, maybe I will lose her support. Mr. BRADEMAS. Well, that is not the least of the reasons that warrant serious consideration of the measure before us, Mr. Olsen. Mr. OLSEN. Mrs. Warden has with her this fine young gentleman. She will introduce him. Mr. BRADEMAS. Fine. Mrs. Warden, we are pleased to have you with us. You may proceed. STATEMENT OF MRS. MARGARET S. WARDEN, TRUSTEE, GREAT FALLS PUBLIC LIBRARY, GREAT FALLS, MONT. Mrs. WARDEN. It is a great pleasure to be here. I am Mrs. Margaret S. Warden, chairman of the board of trustees of the Great Falls Public Library, in Great Falls, Mont. Library trustees in Montana, as in other States, are charged with the control of free public libraries to give the people of the State the fullest opportunity to enrich and inform themselves through reading. I have been a trustee for 13 years, and regard my position as one of considerable responsibility. I am appearing today under the auspices of the American Library Association, to endorse the proposed legislation to amend and extend the Library Services and Construction Act. When I think of libraries, a kaleidoscope of memories sweeps over me. From the age of 5, I was a confirmed library user. It was exciting to me then to race 17 blocks to the public library to get a book for a special occasion; to skate with Hans Brinker; to race with Amundson toward the North Pole; to hide in the dark shadows with Poe; to share the love lyrics of Robert Browning. I was fortunate to be a child in a community which had a public library to give me those joys. Certainly not everyone has had the opportunity to grow up with libraries, but since the Library Services Act programs began in 1957, a wealth of opportunities has been made available for the first time to many people. I want to tell you that the Library Services and Construction Act has meant the difference between life and death to the libraries of Montana. 50-933-70-7 As a direct result of the stimulation of LSCA, almost 150,000 people have received public library service for the first time. This one fact alone would justify the cost in Montana, but there is more. Library service which has been poor to mediocre for many of those receiving it has had a new infusion of life. The increased resources have made it more vital, more stimulating, and more worthwhile than would have been possible without the help of LSCA. Our State is the fourth largest in the Union, encompassing 147,148 square miles, but it has only 682,000 people. Some three-tenths of 1 percent of the Nation's people live in this State, which makes up 4 percent of the total land area of the United States. I would like to support Miss Miller's statement that the $200,000 basic allotment in H.R. 16365 discriminates against those of us who live in States that have small populations and large areas. We need service points and services, but we can't compete on a per capita basis. I think we could compete on what we are providing for our people with the basic allotment we have in the existing law but not with the reduced basic allotment and greater per capita distribution proposed in H.R. 16365. Prior to 1956 and the passage of the Library Services Act, we had scattered municipal library service and a number of county libraries, but there were many people who had no library at all. Almost 200,000 lived in counties where there were no libraries, or in rural areas not served by city libraries. Our State library agency was a small agency trying to provide books to people throughout the State and to help local public libraries become better, subject to the limits imposed by a $21,000 annual appropriation in 1956-57 from the State legislature (now increased to $161,600 for 1970-71). The Library Services Act and its successor, Library Services and Construction Act, have stimulated the development of public library service in Montana, the growth of the State library in strength, and fostered a spirit of genuine cooperation between libraries to make resources available to more people. With the incentive of Federal matching funds which increased from $40,000 in 1957 to $315,354 in 1969, the State and local governments were encouraged to increase their library support by nearly $1 million-almost quadrupling their effort. Where prior to this legislation we had no instance of library service crossing county lines, Montana now has five multicounty federations of libraries, one encompassing seven large counties and the others growing toward this number. (See map No. 1.) The residents of 18 counties in these federations have access to all of the public libraries, broadening the range of material available to them almost beyond measure. We have accomplished this only because funds under title I of the Library Services and Construction Act were available to assist these counties in the formation of federations. Bookmobiles have been purchased, books and other library materials have enriched limited local collections, staff members have been trained, and service has expanded. Each month, bookmobiles in these 18 counties visit 229 communities to bring library service to people who are quite remote from any library building. In one instance, in the town of Capitol, residents would have to drive more than 80 miles to the nearest library if it |