must be 9 ft. throughout 2/3 their area and not less than 5 ft. throughout the other 1/3.

Water-Closets. Every water-closet

compartment

must be so constructed that one of its sides is an external wall, and contains a window opening directly to the external air and of not less dimensions than two feet by one foot, exclusive of the frame. In addition the closet itself must be adequately ventilated.

Cellars. Every cellar floor in a dwelling house must be constructed of hard durable and impervious material, and so sloped to a properly constructed channel as to carry off effectually all waste water from such cellar.

Notices, Plans, Etc. Every person before erecting a building must give written notice to the City Architect, and furnish him with plans of the building, also a block plan showing the surrounding properties, drains. etc. The City Architect must also be notified when work is to be started, and before any sewers, drains, or foundations are covered up. Notice must also be given of the completion of a building. The necessary inspections are made by the City Surveyor or City Architect. They have access at all times to any work, and may cause work done in contravention of the bylaws to be undone.

Enforcement. No person shall let, occupy or inhabit any new dwelling house until the drainage thereof shall have been made and completed nor until such dwelling-house shall, after examination has been certified by the proper officer of the Corporation to be in every respect fit for habitation.

Liverpool

The building regulations of Liverpool are contained in the Liverpool Building Act of 1842 and its amendments, Liverpool Sanitary Acts of 1846 and 1864, Liverpool Improvement Act of 1882, and the Liverpool Corporation Acts of 1889, 1893, 1902 and 1908, and the By-laws of the City Council.

Height of Tenements. Tenements facing on a street must not exceed in height the width of the street. Houses built on a court must not exceed 30 ft. in height, nor contain more than two stories above the ground floor. Liverpool also adopts the same plan asLondon with reference to the height of buildings in relation to the space at the rear.

Yards. Every house must have at the rear an open: space at least 150 sq. ft. in area, and the distance across such space must not be less than the height of the wall above the ground floor. and never less than 5 feet.. For houses 20 to 30 ft. high this least dimension must be 10 ft. and where a house exceeds 30 ft. in height it must be 15 ft. The open space must extend throughout the entire width of the house.

Rooms. Every house (apartment) must have at least one living room which contains 120 superficial feet, and at least half in number of the sleeping-rooms containing 108 sq. ft., provided that in the case of dwelling houses "with a frontage of 15 ft. and containing six rooms, the rooms used as bedrooms, shall not be less than in the case of the first bedroom, 120 sq. ft. in the case of the second, 95 sq. ft. and in the case of the third, 72 sq. ft. All rooms must be nine feet high from floor to ceiling.

Cellar Rooms. "From and after December 31st, 1912, it will be unlawful to occupy or permit to be occupied as a separate dwelling any room or place whereof the floor or any part thereof is more than two feet below the surface of the adjacent ground."

Overcrowding. Every sleeping room must have 400 cu. ft. of space for every occupant. Two children under 10 years of age count as one person.

Registration. Liverpool has passed by-laws requiring the registration of common lodging houses and houses let in lodgings or occupied by the members of more than one family, and providing for the inspection of the same.

The Corporation is also authorized to remove dilapidated or neglected buildings and to make by-laws as to the demolition of buildings.

Enforcement. Tenements may be inspected by the Medical Officer of Health, the Inspector of Nuisances, or the Surveyor of the Council. If any owner fails to comply with orders of the City Council after notice has been given him to execute work in conformity of building or sanitary regulations, the occupier of the apartment may cause the work to be done with the approval of the Corporation, and the expense may be deducted from the rent.

(Liverpool owns sixteen tenements containing a total of 2170 apartments with 5295 rooms. From these it receives an annual rental of $103,310. All are under the Dwellings Sub-Committee of the Housing Committee of the City Council. With the exception of four, the tenements are reserved for the housing of persons who have been dispossessed through the demolition of

property by the Corporation, persons occupying insanitary or overcrowded houses or cellars.)

Dundee

The building regulations of Dundee are contained in the Dundee Police and Improvement Consolidation Act, 1882 and By-laws passed by the town council.

Height of Tenements. "No dwelling house to be occupied separately in flats shall be erected on the side of or abutting on any street, exceeding four stories in height," provided that when the street is over 50 ft. wide the Commissioners may allow one additional story in height.

Height of Rooms. Every habitable room on the ground floor must be at least 9 ft. 6 in. in height from floor to ceiling, and every other habitable room, except attic rooms, 9 ft. Every habitable attic room must be at least 8 ft. in height from floor to ceiling throughout not less than one-third the area of the room. The Commissioners may make exception where the attic room is used in connection with the flat below.

Windows In Rooms. Every habitable room must have at least one window, and the total area of glass in the windows must be at least one-tenth of the area of the room. The top of one window must be not less than seven feet six inches above the floor, and one-half must be made to open. There can be but one habitable

story in the roof.

Ventilation. Every habitable room less than 100 sq. ft. in area, and without a fireplace, shall be provided with special means of ventilation.

Yards. Every new building intended to be used as

a dwelling house must have in the rear an open space co-extensive with the breadth of the entire building to the extent of at least one-third of the whole site, free from any erections thereon above the level of the ground, other than ash pits, coal houses or other conveniences for the use of such dwelling houses.

Cellar Rooms. No cellar room shall be used as a dwelling unless it is at least 7 ft. high from floor to ceiling, and at least one-third its height above the street level, and has a separate water-closet, a window not less than 9 sq. ft. in area, and a fireplace and chimney or ventilating flue.

Stairs. The owners of common stairs and passages anust have the same provided with proper means of ventilation to the satisfaction of the inspector of cleansing, and must whitewash or paint the same as often as required, and at least once each year.

The occupiers of dwelling houses in common must "sweep, wash and cleanse" the landing places and the steps leading to the flat below at least once each week.

Inspectors of cleansing may cleanse tenements when necessary at the expense of the owners.

Water-Closets. The owners of every house or part of a house occupied by a separate family must provide the same with a water-closet, properly trapped and ventilated. The situation, dimensions and materials of every water-closet must be subject to the approval of the Commissioners.

Overcrowding. The number of persons occupying any room shall not exceed the proportion of one person to 400 cu. ft. of space contained in the room, two chil