past, let us return to the first principles of the Government, and unfurling the banner of our country, inscribe upon it in ineffaceable characters, "The Constitution and the Union, one and inseparable." ANDREW JOHNSON.

WASHINGTON, D. C., March 4, 1869.

CHAPTER XX.

THE WHITE HOUSE UNDER THE JOHNSONS-MR. JOHNSON AT GREENVILLE-IN CONGRESS-DEATH-THE

ELIZ

CLOSING SCENE - A MONUMENT - THE

MAN HIS WORK.

LIZA MCCARDLE, the wife of President Johnson, does not appear among the women whose good fortune made them mistresses of the historic White House. This privilege, in her husband's term of office, fell to the lot of her daughter, Mrs. Patterson. Mrs. Johnson's poor health rendered her unfit to bear the burden which custom, fashion, and perhaps folly, have attached to the "Lady of the White House." Her inclinations, too, entirely unfitted her for such duties, as did also her lack of experience in the fashionable world. She was wholly domestic in her disposition, having devoted her life almost entirely to the quiet of her home and the care of her family. During her husband's public services before the war, both at Washington and in the State Capital, she remained in her home at Greenville, only once, for a month or two, visiting Washington in the spring of 1861. She had been a beautiful woman, but it was in her mind and character that she was a source of untold wealth to her husband. His uncultured and stern nature had received many a refining touch from her hand

and society. Not until 1854 did her own mother die, and two years subsequently her husband's mother. During all her married life these two old people had been the objects of her care, and with her children and the other responsibilities of her home she had occupied her time and affections. Her own children were Martha, Mary, Charles, Robert, and Andrew, and these were all living, the daughters married, when the war for the first time separated her by force from her husband. Early in the spring of 1862, she was notified by Kirby Smith, then commanding the rebels in East Tennessee, to pass in a few hours beyond his lines with her family. But she was unable to comply with the demand, and did not reach her husband, who was then Military Governor, at Nashville, until in October. Here she remained until the removal of the whole family to Washington City in the spring of 1865.

Their son Charles, graduating as a physician, was appointed surgeon of the "First Tennessee Infantry," but was soon afterwards thrown from his horse and killed. Robert, who also became an officer in the Union army and had studied to be a lawyer, died suddenly in his father's house immediately after the family returned to Greenville in the spring of 1869. The other son married, but also died not long after his parents, leaving no children.

In June, 1865, the Johnsons took possession of the White House, where Mrs. Johnson remained, as unknown to the fashionable and frivolous race of flatterers that gathered around the place, as if she had

never been, until the end of her husband's troublesome Administration, when she was carried home with the hope of spending a few quiet years under circumstances more congenial to her character and physical infirmities.

In 1852, Mary, the second daughter of President Johnson, married Daniel Stover, a prosperous farmer of East Tennessee. Like his father-in-law, Stover attached himself to the Union cause, and was distinguished early in the war as one of its most daring defenders. He raised a regiment in Kentucky, known as the Fourth Tennessee Infantry," but he died in 1864 of disease contracted in his early efforts to maintain the Union authority in East Tennessee. Mrs. Stover had three children, and these were with her in the White House during the greater part of her father's Presidency. She was attached to her mountain home and friends, and was utterly destitute of sympathy with any of the usages of fashionable society at the National Capital. No woman who ever aided in "doing the honors" of the President's Mansion, perhaps, acted so mechanically, or took so little real interest or delight in the work. She had no disposition or qualifications for such a position, and some time before the rest of the family left the White House she withdrew with her children to her home in Tennessee. But for this step she had an extraordinary inducement, which may appear in the fact that on the 20th of April, 1869, she was married to William R. Brown, of Greenville, and is still living. Her daughter, Lilly, who was a bright child in her

grandfather's time at the White House, is now the wife of a Greenville lawyer.

Mrs. Martha Patterson, the oldest child of President Johnson, and the wife of David T. Patterson, who made some figure in the politics of his State, and represented Tennessee in the United States Senate, was, properly speaking, the "Lady of the White House" during her father's term of office. Mrs. Patterson was not a beauty, but she possessed much of her father's strength of character, had very considerable managing ability, was a careful and successful housekeeper, and was not without some knowledge of social affairs, although she cared little for the fuss and folly of fashionable life. She received a fair education, partially gained in a school in Georgetown while her father was attending the sessions of Congress. This was during the official term of President Polk, by whose request she spent some time in the White House, acquiring a familiarity with its affairs which was not without benefit to her at a later period. In 1856 she was married to Mr. Patterson, and when she entered the White House as its mistress in June, 1865, she added her two children to the merry family of little ones whose voices for a long time broke the quietness of the stately old mansion.

By reckless usage in the last years of the war, and especially in the lamentable events which led to her father's Presidency, the furniture of the Executive Mansion was badly scuffed, and the not very attractive old place made barely inhabitable. Congress made a small appropriation for renewing and