General Sutton, of course, was loathe to see the Army Reserve units terminated because it was his direct responsibility to run them. He was very loathe to see that done.

I recognize the obligation of a military man to support and implement a final decision by his civilian superiors. However, since the Congress has not yet acted on this proposal, it is not now a final decision. The Congress, in carrying out its constitutional functions, is entitled to obtain the arguments on both sides of the question and is not and must not be restricted solely to the position taken by higher civilian authority.

We have heard testimony, as I have said, in favor of the merger plan. General, I want to say to you if you disagree in any respect with this proposal, it is your obligation to this Subcommittee to make this disagreement known. Do you understand it that way?

General SUTTON. Yes, sir.

Senator STENNIS. All right.

We expect frank and candid testimony from you and feel certain that we will get it. You should not feel inhibited or restricted in any manner because of the fact that your civilian superiors have given this plan their endorsement.

In this connection I point out to you that the Secretary of the Army has already told us that you did make some recommendations on this plan but that since you were going to testify he would not state them but would let you do so when you appeared.

Our sole purpose here is to learn the facts and on the basis of the facts to reach the decision which is best for the national strength and welfare of the country. General Sutton, your testimony on these important points involved will, I believe, be of real assistance to us. Members of the subcommittee, as I said in the beginning, this is Maj. Gen. W. J. Sutton, Chief of the Army Reserve, Department of the Army, who has a prepared statement which I will now ask him to present. I believe you said your statement was seven pages plus exhibits, is that correct?

General SUTTON. Yes, sir.

Senator STENNIS. All right, if you will read your statement, we will pass on the exhibits when you get through with your statement. Mr. Reporter we will insert the biography of General Sutton in the record at this point.

(The biography referred to is as follows:)

BIOGRAPHY OF MAJ. GEN. WILLIAM J. SUTTON

Maj. Gen. William J. Sutton was appointed Chief, Army Reserve by the Secretary of the Army, September 1, 1963, for a 4-year term.

Enlisting in the Texas National Guard in 1926, he was commissioned a first lieutenant of Infantry in 1929, and entered active duty with his unit in November 1940.

During World War II, General Sutton served in the Europe theater of Operations with the 84th Infantry Division. He was wounded in action in April 1945 and later evacuated to the United States. After a tour with the 2d Infantry Division he returned to the ETO in June 1946, was integrated in the Regular Army, and served with the U.S. constabulary in Germany.

Returning to the United States in 1949, he was assigned as Chief, Training Branch, Intelligence Division, Army General Staff. He terminated his active service in September 1949 to enter private business as an insurance executive. As a reservist, he served as a regimental commander, chief of staff, and assistant division commander of the 90th Infantry Division, in Texas.

A graduate of the basic and advanced courses at the Infantry School, the Command and General Staff College, Strategic Intelligence School, United Kingdom Land/Air Warfare School, U.S. Air Force Air-Ground Operation School indoctrination course, and others, General Sutton's mobilization assignment, prior to being recalled to active duty to assume his present post, was assistant deputy commanding general for Reserve Forces, U.S. Continental Army Command, Fort Monroe, Va.

Active in civil and military affairs, he has served as chapter officer in the Reserve Officers Association; as national vice president and on council of trustees of the Association of the U.S. Army; as a member of the Military Affairs Committee of San Antonio Chamber of Commerce; and is a life member of the National Rifle Association.

General Sutton's decorations and awards include the Silver Star, Bronze Star with oak leaf cluster, Army Commendation Medal, Purple Heart, Combat Infantryman Badge, and Distinguished Marksman's Badge.

STATEMENT OF MAJ. GEN. W. J. SUTTON, CHIEF, ARMY RESERVE, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

General SUTTON. Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, it is a privilege to appear before you to present my statement as Chief of Army Reserve.

My presentation will cover four general areas the assessment of the impact on USAR units and personnel; the Ready Reserve mobilization reinforcement pool, its method of administration, training, promotion, points and retirement; the reservist career under the new concept, its attractiveness and motivation; and finally, assessment of the size of the Ready Reserve mobilization pool in the years ahead of

us.

It is extremely difficult at this time to make an accurate assessment of the impact of the proposed realinement plan on the U.S. Army Reserve.

Nevertheless a certain appreciation of the impact can be made at this time by analyzing the plans developed by the working groups and reviewed by the steering group. In this connection I have undertaken such an analysis and the results are as shown on this chart (chart No. 1) which you have in your paper.

(The chart referred to is as follows:)

General SUTTON. This chart which we have combined into one chart, shows the number of U.S. Army Reserve units currently in each State, the number of U.S. Army Reserve units that would remain as is "doing what they are doing today"; the number of reorganizations or consolidations within the same branch; the number converted to a new branch; and finally the number of units inactivated in those columns across the chart.

The impact varies within each State; however the average shown by the totals at the bottom of the chart show 1,614 units or 38.2 percent of the units remain unaffected provided all assigned individuals volunteer for the Guard; 1,659 units or 39.3 percent of the units will have turbulence and will require some retraining within branch because of reorganization and consolidation of units; 302 or 7.2 percent will require major retraining and MOS qualification because of conversion to a new branch; 646 or 15.3 percent will be surplus and activated. Undoubtedly a number of additional changes will be required in the troop lists when the States develop their detailed plans. This is true because the working group could not match units by locations within parent organizations and due to the accommodation to available facilities.

The impact on individual Army reservists will of course be related to the nature of the disposition of their units and will vary in different parts of the Nation. While it is not anticipated that many of the obligors, mandatorily or voluntarily assigned to units, will join the National Guard, acceptance by other reservists will depend upon their reaction to the merits and attractiveness of the plan. Provision has been made for attachment of individuals in their Reserve status where required, and for carrying volunteer members of National Guard units in a temporary overstrength status where appropriate vacancies are not available.

Where Army Reserve units are to be included in the new structure in an unchanged role, their members may volunteer to go with the unit. Where Army Reserve units are to be combined with other units or undergo a change of branch in the new structure, individuals may volunteer for membership in the new unit subject to qualification in their new position, or be carried as overstrength. Where Army Reserve units are excess to requirements in the new structure, individuals may volunteer for other units in the area or be given an appropriate assignment in the Ready, Standby, or Retired Reserve along with others remaining in the Army Reserve.

Under the merger concept the Army Reserve will consist of individual officers and enlisted men and women in the nonunit Ready Reserve, Standby Reserve, and Retired Reserve, with no change in the later two categories.

At the beginning of this fiscal year the pool of Ready reservists numbered 71,789 officers and 381,707 enlisted members (total 453,496). It is currently administered by the CONUS Armies and Corps. Records of Ready Reserve personnel are to be centralized to the U.S. Army Administration Center in St. Louis on a phased basis beginning in September 1965 under the supervision of the Adjutant General, Department of the Army.

The Ready Reserve pool is to provide trained individual reinforcements, officer, warrant officer, and enlisted, in sufficient numbers as required by current mobilization plans, for the purpose of replacing unit losses, reinforcing active Army units, providing trained reinforcements for Reserve component units, and providing personnel for activating new Army of the United States units, upon mobilization. A study is now being initiated within the Department of the Army staff to determine what numbers, in what skills and at what grades, are required for these purposes. This study will address the policies and procedures necessary to insure adequate means by which pool personnel can maintain their professional competence. This will necessarily consider the adequacy of current policies governing promotion, service school training, retirement, the achievement or credit toward retirement and other incentives required to encourage members of the U.S. Army Reserve to continue their participation in the U.S. Army Reserve program.

Training opportunities for nonunit individuals in the Army Reserve already in effect are discussed in detail in enclosure 1. While training for these individuals is performed mainly on a nonpay basis, provision is made for certain schools, special tours, and attachment for annual active duty for training on a pay basis.

Nonunit reservists may participate in Reserve duty and active duty for training, in a pay or a nonpay status as authorized by the appropriate commander. Such training includes, but is not limited to, the following:

(a) Attachment to appropriate Reserve component troop program units.

(b) Attachment to Active Army units (except STRAC units). (c) Attachment to appropriate reinforcement training units or mobilization designation detachments.

(d) Assignment or attachment to appropriate U.S. Army Reserve schools.

(e) Training performed at service or Army area schools.

(f) Participation in approved training projects.

(g) Enrollment in appropriate extension courses.

(h) Aerial flights performed by rated aviators on flying status. (i) Service performed as a member of a duly authorized board. (1) Inspections directed by competent authority.

(e) Command and staff duties such as planning and supervising training of units.

(1) Conducting military instruction when approved by competent authority.

(m) Conducting medical examinations. (n) Reviewing medical examinations.

(0) Individual mobilization designees.

(p) Duties performed as a member of the military affiliate radio system.

(9) Serving as assistant instructors at ROTC and NDCC institutions if participation is satisfactory as determined by PMS's.

For the above training, individuals are authorized retirement points but not pay for Reserve duty training performed in a nonpay status. For the active duty for training included above, the individual is authorized 1 day's pay and one retirement credit point for each day of training.

The earning and the award of retirement point credit for members in an active status in the Army Reserve is authorized by title 10, United States Code, sections 1331-1337. Retirement point credits are not authorized reservists in an inactive status. A maximum of 60 retirement points can be credited for retirement during a retirement year for Reserve duty training. A minimum of 50 retirement points is required for a qualifying year creditable for retirement.

In estimating the size of the Ready Reserve pool for the future we attempted a projection based on estimates of the number to be rendered surplus by the proposed merger, normal attrition from the National Guard, obligors from the Active Army, and Reserve Officers' Training Corps officer obligors. The grade structure was estimated by applying the present percentage ratio by grade and extending a similar ratio through 1970. After that period the percentage ratio is decreased in the higher grades with a corresponding increase in the lower grades. Such a forecast is projected on raw estimates and assumptions based on the best possible information available.

(The chart referred to is as follows:)