Living the Policy ProcessOxford University Press, 2008 M04 2 - 432 pages Policymaking in large bureaucracies is hardly a simple process. Even the most respected policymakers have to contend with obstacles that seemingly have little to do with the issue at hand--office politics, work structure, and shifting political environments. Yet learning to manage such complex environments is necessary for good policymaking. In Living the Policy Process, Philip Heymann outlines the complex thought processes of policymakers as they struggle to influence both foreign and domestic policy decisions from within the United States government bureaucracy. Focusing on three critical situations to illuminate the politics of policy choice-the successful attempt to sell missiles to the Mujahideen in Afghanistan in the 1980s; the Iran-Contra scandal; and the FDA's attempt to regulate smoking as well as the efforts to do the same by an outside lobbyist-Heymann dissects the intuitive yet rigorous framework that highly skilled policymakers follow to influence government outcomes. Throughout, he offers detailed accounts of the policy process at work in the Reagan, first Bush, and Clinton administrations, from the cabinet level down to the middle tiers of the federal bureaucracy. Heymann deftly describes the shifting real-world conditions that government officials face as they struggle to shape the policy agenda. Ultimately, Living the Policy Process offers a clear, incisive look at the complex considerations involved from all perspectives, with concrete examples, and enriches the understanding of the overall policy process for students, scholars, and practitioners. |
Contents
3 | |
19 | |
Loyalty and Respect | 125 |
Nicotine for Teens | 171 |
Conclusion Interrogation and Foresight | 281 |
The Caulkins Matrix | 353 |
Cast of Characters | 357 |
Suggested Readings | 365 |
Notes | 367 |
Index | 393 |
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Abramowitz addictive administration Afghan Afghan rebels Afghanistan agency agency’s Al Qaeda American anti-smoking Attorney authority bill Bush Casey CIA’s cigarette companies Clinton coalition coercive interrogation committee concerns Congress congressional Counsel covert action David Kessler decision maker Defense Department detainees Director drug effects Esther Scott FDA’s federal Glantz Goldstone hostages Iklé important industry’s intelligence Iran issue John Yoo Joint Chiefs Koop legislation loyalty McCaffrey McCain memo memorandum ment military Mujahideen Myers National Security needle exchange programs negotiations nicotine NSDD officials operation organization Pakistan parties Pillsbury players political President President’s proposal public health Qaeda Reagan regulation regulatory Republican resources of influence responsibility role rules Secretary Senate settlement Shultz smoking Soviet Union staff Stinger missile subordinate superior Taliban terrorists tion tobacco companies tobacco industry torture United wanted War on Terror Washington Post weapons White House
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Page 296 - ... a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity.
Page 295 - To this end, the following acts are and shall remain prohibited at any time and in any place whatsoever with respect to the abovementioned persons: (a) violence to life and person, in particular murder of all kinds, mutilation, cruel treatment and torture; (b) taking of hostages; (c) outrages upon personal dignity, in particular, humiliating and degrading treatment; (d) the passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous judgment pronounced by a regularly constituted court,...
Page 296 - torture" means any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind...
Page 295 - In the case of armed conflict not of an international character occurring in the territory of one of the High Contracting Parties, each Party to the conflict shall be bound to apply, as a minimum, the following provisions.
Page 295 - Persons taking no active part in the hostilities, including members of armed forces who have laid down their arms and those placed hors de combat by sickness, wounds, detention, or any other cause, shall in all circumstances be treated humanely, without any adverse distinction founded on race, colour, religion or faith, sex, birth or wealth, or any other similar criteria. To this end the following acts are and shall remain prohibited at any time and in any place whatsoever...
Page 299 - ... the threat that another person will imminently be subjected to death, severe physical pain or suffering, or the administration or application of mind altering substances or other procedures calculated to disrupt profoundly the senses or personality.
Page 295 - Cross, may offer its services to the Parties to the conflict. The Parties to the conflict should further endeavour to bring into force, by means of special agreements, all or part of the other provisions of the present Convention.
Page 295 - ... taking of hostages ; (c) outrages upon personal dignity, in particular humiliating and degrading treatment ; ( d ) the passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous judgment pronounced by a regularly constituted court, affording all the judicial guarantees which are recognized as indispensable by civilized peoples. 2. The wounded and sick shall be collected and cared for. An impartial humanitarian body, such as the International Committee of the Red Cross, may offer...
Page 296 - Each State Party shall undertake to prevent in any territory under its jurisdiction other acts of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment which do not amount to torture...