Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Third Assessment Report: Hearing Before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session, May 1, 2001, Volume 4U.S. Government Printing Office, 2004 - 87 pages |
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Page 6
... causing global warming . In his report las August , he found that mandate emissions of carbon dioxide have already been falling . They shrank in 1998 and 1999 . In his report , he stated that other greenhouse gases such as methane ...
... causing global warming . In his report las August , he found that mandate emissions of carbon dioxide have already been falling . They shrank in 1998 and 1999 . In his report , he stated that other greenhouse gases such as methane ...
Page 10
... causes of the observed warming ? To analyze this issue , IPCC resorts to model simulations . Based on analysis of both the observed record and climate model simulations using the var- ious forcing agents , it is seen that there is now ...
... causes of the observed warming ? To analyze this issue , IPCC resorts to model simulations . Based on analysis of both the observed record and climate model simulations using the var- ious forcing agents , it is seen that there is now ...
Page 12
... cause of this increase in carbon dioxide is the combustion of fossil fuels and the burning of forests . Further , methane abundance has doubled over the In- dustrial Era . Other heat - trapping gases are also increasing as a result of ...
... cause of this increase in carbon dioxide is the combustion of fossil fuels and the burning of forests . Further , methane abundance has doubled over the In- dustrial Era . Other heat - trapping gases are also increasing as a result of ...
Page 13
... caused by these emissions is projected to still be in the atmosphere . Additionally , global average temperature increases and rising sea level are projected to continue for hundreds of years after a stabilization of greenhouse gas ...
... caused by these emissions is projected to still be in the atmosphere . Additionally , global average temperature increases and rising sea level are projected to continue for hundreds of years after a stabilization of greenhouse gas ...
Page 17
... causes of the major changes . A climate model can be used to simulate the temperature changes that occur both from natural and anthropogenic causes . The simulations represented by the band in ( a ) were done with only natural forcings ...
... causes of the major changes . A climate model can be used to simulate the temperature changes that occur both from natural and anthropogenic causes . The simulations represented by the band in ( a ) were done with only natural forcings ...
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21st century achieve aerosols air pollution alternative scenario Arctic assessment black carbon business-as-usual carbon dioxide Chairman Chapter climate change climate forcing climate models climate sensitivity climate system CO₂ CO2 emissions coal Committee concentrations coordinating lead authors decades developing countries direct costs economic effects emission reductions emission scenarios emissions trading energy efficiency energy sources estimates feedback Figure forcing agents fossil fuels future climate global climate global warming greenhouse gas emissions greenhouse gases growth rate Hansen heat impacts improved increase Intergovernmental Panel IPCC report issue Kyoto Protocol Lindzen long-term mate change McCarthy measurements methane model simulations National natural non-CO₂ observations ocean options Panel on Climate past potential projected question radiative forcing RAMASWAMY range recent reduce regions response SATHAYE scientific scientists Senator BROWNBACK stratospheric studies Summary for Policymakers surface temperature technologies testimony Thank tion tropical tropospheric ozone uncertainties understanding variability W/m²
Popular passages
Page 27 - I often say that when you can measure what you are speaking about and express it in numbers you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meagre and unsatisfactory kind...
Page 12 - the balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on global climate' [5], and was sufficiently confident by the time of the Third Assessment Report to conclude that 'there is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities...
Page 30 - In the light of new evidence and taking into account the remaining uncertainties, most of the observed warming over the last 50 years is likely 7 to have been due to the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations.
Page 12 - Emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols due to human activities continue to alter the atmosphere in ways that are expected to affect the climate.
Page 12 - ... likely to have been a reduction of about two weeks in the annual duration of lake and river ice cover in the mid- and high latitudes of the northern hemisphere, over the 20th century.
Page 14 - ... for urbanisation over the land. Over both the last 140 years and 100 years, the best estimate is that the global average surface temperature has increased by 0.6 ± 0.2°C. (b) Additionally, the year by year (blue curve) and 50 year average (black curve) variations of the average surface temperature of the Northern Hemisphere for the past 1 000 years have been reconstructed from "proxy" data calibrated against thermometer data (see list of the main proxy data in the diagram).
Page 11 - US scientific agencies and international scientific agencies such as the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). The scientific assessments have been conducted and written by the best scientists in the world.
Page 14 - Earths surface temperature is shown year by year (red bars) and approximately decade by decade (black line, a filtered annual curve suppressing fluctuations below near decadal time-scales). There are uncertainties in the annual data (thin black whisker bars represent the 95% confidence range) due to data gaps, random instrumental errors and uncertainties, uncertainties in bias corrections in the ocean surface temperature data and also in adjustments for urbanisation over the land.
Page 14 - Hemisphere for the past 1 000 years have been reconstructed from "proxy" data calibrated against thermometer data (see list of the main proxy data in the diagram). The 95% confidence range in the annual data is represented by the grey region. These uncertainties increase in more distant times and are always much larger than in the instrumental record due to the use of relatively sparse proxy data.
Page 15 - Indicators of the human influence on the atmosphere during the Industrial era (a...