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lower low water. A shorter jetty on the north was proposed in the project for future consideration.

Of three natural channels of a best depth of 7 to 9 feet reduced, two of them are obstructed by dangerous rocks. The mean rise of tide above the plane of reduction of soundings is 7.1 feet.

The amount expended on the project to June 30, 1885, is $152,247.41. Two thousand five hundred and seventeen feet of jetty to average halftide and 450 feet of high spur-jetty for shore protection have been constructed thereby, the former south channel closed, and the middle channel deepened to give, in last year, from 9 to 12 feet.

The appropriation estimated for next year is for continuing the jetty on the present plan, and is expected to make the best depths already obtained more permanent.

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July 1, 1885, amount expended during fiscal year, exclusive of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1884.

$45,569 27

July 1, 1885, outstanding liabilities

265 00

45,834 27

July 1, 1885, amount available......

4,180 72

Amount (estimated) required for completion of existing project.
Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1887
Submitted in compliance with requirements of section 2 of river and
harbor acts of 1866 and 1567.

(See Appendix S S 4.)

305,000 00 160,000 00

5. Mouth of the Coquille River, Oregon.-The plan of this improvement, adopted in 1880, is to afford a direct free channel 10 feet deep at mean lower low water, by a half-tide jetty about 3,400 feet long, built from the left bank and passing 800 feet south of the Rackliff Rock. The natural channel was tortuous, greatly obstructed by rocks, somewhat shifting, and rarely carried more than 3 feet at mean lower low water.

The amount expended on the project to June 30, 1885, is $27,455.28. With this amount 1,523 feet of low jetty have been built, crossing the former channel, which has filled to above high water, and causing, by June, 1883, a direct channel, free from rocks, to form through the north cape of the entrance, and with a depth about double that of the old channel.

The amount estimated for next fiscal year is to be applied to solidifying and extending the present jetty to a near completion of the present project, and to commencing a short work on the north side of the entrance; it is expected that the very satisfactory improvement now obtained may be made permanent.

July 1, 1884, amount available.....

Amount appropriated by act approved July 5, 1884.

July 1, 1885, amount expended during fiscal year, exclusive of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1-84.

July 1, 1885, outstanding liabilities

July 1, 1885, amount available..

$10 13 10,000 00

10,010 13

$9,371 13
309 19

9, 6-0 32

329 81

$134,200 00

(Amount (estimated) required for completion of existing project.... Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1887 75,000 00 Submitted in compliance with requirements of section 2 of river and

harbor acts of 1866 and 1867.

(See Appendix S S 5.)

6. Skagit, Steilaquamish, Nootsack, Snohomish, and Snoqualmie rivers, Washington Territory.-The project of these improvements, adopted in 1882, consists in annual snagging and moderate bar-scraping by a regularly equipped snag boat, for a light-draught navigation to the natural heads thereof, being an aggregate length of river of about 250 miles. The natural channels are deep in the tidal sections, shoal and generally rapid in the upper portions, and much obstruted by drift throughout.

The amount expended on the project is $30,212.33. With this amount a snag-boat has been built with temporary quarters for the crew, and although without some appliances, was operated during the year on two of the rivers to the present desired heads of navigation, and on a connecting channel. A small boat-party in the previous year had worked upon a third river, and a land party during the year upon the Nootsack jain.

The appropriation asked for next year is to complete the construction and appliances of the snag-boat, operate her on each of the rivers named, reserving $2,000 as a fund for rebuilding the boat at the end of ten years.

July 1, 1884, amount available

Amount received by transfer of property to other improvements..
Amount appropriated by act approved July 5, 1884..

$6.79 227 94 10,000 00

10,234 73

July 1, 1885, amount expended during fiscal year, exclusive of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1884.

July 1, 1885, outstanding liabilities.

$10,219 12
15.00

10, 234 12

July 1, 1885, amount available...

61

Amount (estimated) required for continuing existing project..
Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1887
Submitted in compliance with requirements of section 2 of river and
harbor acts of 1866 and 1867.

(See Appendix SS 6.)

22.000 00 22,000 00

7. Chehalis River, Washington Territory.-The plan of this improvement, adopted in 1882, consists in annual snagging operations below Claquato, 82 miles from the river's mouth, and at an estimated cost of $5,000. The amount expended thereon to June 30, 1885, is $5,004.93. The natural channel is good from the mouth to Montesano, 12 miles and the head of coasting navigation. Above Elma, 6 miles further, the river is shoal for ordinary sized steamboats at low stages, and was much obstructed by snags and entirely blocked at three places.

In the previous years the largest of these jams was cut through, being the one next below the Chehalis Reservation landing, about 30 miles above Montesano; the worst snags below the landing were also removed. During the year a passage was made through the upper jams near the landing, and some suags and lodged drift removed down-stream to Black River.

On account of the limited work and drift accumulation the river above Elma is not safely navigable, although a passage is open from above the railroad stations, Chehalis and Centralia, in the upper valley.

The amount asked for is the cost of one year's work according to the project.

July 1, 1884, amount available....

Amount appropriated by act approved July 5, 1884.

$17 56

2,500 00

July 1, 1885, amount expended during fiscal year, exclusive of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1884..

2,517 56

2,022 49

July 1, 1885, amount available....

495 07

Amount (estimated) required for continuing existing project...
Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1887
Submitted in compliance with requirements of section 2 of river and
harbor act of 1866 and 1867.

5,000 00

5,000 00

(See Appendix S S 7.)

8. Gauging waters of the Columbia River and principal tributaries.— The object here is to operate an automatic gauge at Astoria and maintain staff gauges above, for pilots' information, and for record of tides and stages of river, one service of the Astoria gauge being to show the condition of the bar at the mouth of the Columbia River with regard to roughness. It is also intended to measure the tidal and the river volumes. The amount expended therefor to June 30, 1885, is $1,289.76 The Astoria gauge was operated from September 22 to the end of the year.

Data was accumulated for continuing the study of the relation between secondary movement of the gauge-pencil and the bar condi tion as to roughness, and to determine a scale for closely reading such curve indications.

Four standard staff water-gauges were established near bars on the Lower Columbia River.

The amount estimated as of profitable expenditure is for the year's application of the project.

July 1, 1884, amount available

Amount appropriated by act approved July 5, 1884.

$0 19 1,000 00

July 1, 1885, amount expended during fiscal year, exclusive of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1884..

1,000 1

789 9

July 1, 1885, amount available

210 2

harbor acts of 1866 and 1867.

Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1887
Submitted in compliance with requirements of section 2 of river and

5,000 0

(See Appendix S S 8.)

EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS FOR IMPROVEMENT TO COMPLY WITH REQUIREMENTS OF THE RIVER AND

1884.

HARBOR ACT OF JULY 5

The following locality was examined by the local engineer in charge and not recommended for improvement:

1. Bar at the mouth of the entrance to Nehalim Bay and River, Oregon.The report of this examination was transmitted to Congress at its last session and printed in House Ex. Doc. No. 71, Forty-eighth Congress second session. (See also Appendix S S 9.)

And it appearing, after preliminary examination by the local engi neer, that the localities were worthy of improvement by the Genera

Government, Captain Powell was charged with and completed the following:

1. Olympia Harbor, Washington Territory.-(See Appendix S S 10.) 2. Puyallup River, Washington Territory.-Report transmitted to Congress and printed as House Ex. Doc. No. 172, Forty-eighth Congress, second session. (See also Appendix S S 11.)

3. Willapah River, Washington Territory.-Report transmitted to Congress and printed as House Ex. Doc. No. 173, Forty-eighth Congress, second session. (See also Appendix S S 12.)

IMPROVEMENT OF THE WILLAMETTE RIVER ABOVE PORTLAND, OREGON-CONSTRUCTION OF CASCADES CANAL, COLUMBIA RIVER—IMPROVEMENT OF UPPER COLUMBIA, SNAKE, AND COWLITZ RIVERS, OREGON OR WASHINGTON TERRITORY, AND OF LOWER CLEARWATER RIVER, IDAHO.

Officer in charge, Maj. W. A. Jones, Corps of Engineers, with Lieut. W. Young, Corps of Engineers, under his immediate orders. [These works were in charge of Capt. C. F. Powell, Corps of Engineers, to August 5, 1884.] Supervising engineer, Lieut. Col. G. H. Mendell, Corps of Engineers.

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1. Upper Willamette River, Oregon. The project for this improvement was adopted in 1870, modified in 1878, and extended in later years. The object is to afford and maintain an easy, light draught navigation from Portland to Eugene City, and in 12 miles of tributaries, making in all a distance of 184 miles. The work consists in snagging operations, barscraping, and for the reach between the Willamette Falls and Corvallis in the contraction of water-way by low cut-off or wing-dams, and rock removal. The natural channel from Portland to Willamette Falls, 12 miles, was generally deep and wide. Above it is narrow, tortuous, and much obstructed. The mouth of the Yamhill, 28 miles from the falls, was the head of an inconvenient low-water navigation, in a draught of 24 feet. Only 1 foot could be carried above.

Present project was adopted in 1878.

Total appropriation to date is $74,000.

Amount expended, $70,605.28, of which about $22,000 has been applied to construction, and the remainder to maintenance. Operations for the year have been confined to work with snag-boat. Owing to the failure of appropriation, about $5,000 from the available funds were reserved for making an effort to keep navigation open for another season. The snag-boat Corvallis is worn out, and there is urgent necessity for a new one. The amount asked for is to be applied to rock removal and river construction, annual maintenance, and the construction of a new snag-boat.

July 1, 1884, amount available ....

Amount appropriated by act approved July 5, 1884.

July 1, 1885, amount expended during fiscal year, exclusive of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1884

July 1, 1885, outstanding liabilities..

July 1, 1885, amount available..........

$0.54 10,000 00

10,000 54

$5,930 57

675 25

6,605 82

3,394 72

Amount (estimated) required for completion of existing project:
Construction..

$7,000 00

Suag-boat

2,000 00

Maintenance per year

12,000 00

Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1887
Submitted in compliance with requirements of section 2 of river and

47,000 00

harbor acts of 1866 and 1867.

(See Appendix T T 1.)

2. Columbia River at the Cascades, Oregon.-The plan for this improve ment, adopted in 1877 and modified in 1880, is to give lockage around the main rapid, and open river navigation through the minor rapids be low, from low water up to a stage of about 20 feet at the foot of the canal. The plan contemplates the construction of a guard lock for us at the higher stages. The canal will be about 3,000 feet long. The low water lock will have a lift of about 24 feet. The lock capacity will b 90 feet by 462 feet, with a least draught of 8 feet.

The amount expended to June 30, 1885, is $933,125.58.

During the year work has been carried on in the construction of cana walls, the paving of canal slopes, excavation of canal and lock pits grading grounds, quarrying stone from bowlders of porphyry rock transporting quarried stone to site of work, cutting stone for cana walls, and rock-blasting in the rapids and along the shore of the lowe Cascades.

The appropriation asked for is to be applied to construction of wing walls, lock-walls, guard-gate, purchase of timber for gates, lock an canal pit excavation and grading.

July 1, 1884, amount available.....

Amount appropriated by act approved July 5, 1884.

July 1, 1885, amount expended during fiscal year, exclusive of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1884..

July 1, 1884, outstanding liabilities..

July 1, 1885, amount available.....

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Amount (estimated) required for completion of existing project.... 1,250,000
Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1887 750, 000
Submitted in compliance with requirements of section 2 of river and
harbor acts of 1866 and 1867.

(See Appendix T T 2.)

3. Upper Columbia and Snake rivers, Oregon and Washington Ter tory. The plan of this improvement, adopted in 1877, consists in ro removal at a number of very swift rapids to give channel depths at lo water of 5 feet upon the Columbia and 43 feet upon the Spake; a riv length of 266 miles between Celilo on the Columbia and Lewiston the Snake. The natural channel was narrow, tortuous, and dange ous, with many very difficult rapids. The amount expended to Ju 30, 1885, is $227,470.64, and has resulted in improvement at fifteen calities. All work has been done by contract, but has been very mu impeded by bad weather and unfavorable stages of the river. rapids are very strong, and work is quite difficult; 557 cubic yards rock and 50 cubic yards of cobble-stone have been removed.

It is proposed to apply the appropriation asked for to the removal rocks and cobble-stone bars to complete the project.

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