charging pus through the cheek for six years. Upon the extraction of this tooth two small pieces of broaches shown by the roentgenogram were found at the apical region; D is a case which had been discharging pus for ten years. From the roentgenogram one cannot tell the duration of the lesion, as all the areas appear to be about the same size. X-ray reading of a chronic alveolar abscess in most cases shows a shading off from the dark area into the light, or surrounding tissues. At the same time one will see cases of typical granuloma readings. where pus is discharging. In these cases the fibrous capsule has broken down either by lowered resistance, fatty degeneration, or reinfection through the root-canal. A granuloma may be likened to a bomb with a fuse we do not always know whether or not it is burning. Fig. 6 (A, B) shows cases of blind abscesses. For experimental purposes these teeth were opened; pus was found in the canals. These films show about the same reading as chronic abscesses, except that Minimum Requirements for Class "A" Dental Schools ADOPTED BY The Dental Educational Council of America AT LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY, JULY 24, 1916, AND REVISED AT NEW YORK CITY, OCTOBER 22, 1917, AND MARCH 26, 1918. By HENRY L. BANZHAF, B.S., D.D.S., Milwaukee, Wis., SECRETARY OF THE COUNCIL. ALBERT L. MIDGLEY, President, Providence, R. I. J. V. CONZETT, Vice-president, Dubuque, Iowa. HENRY L. BANZHAF, Secretary-treasurer, Milwaukee, Wis. JOHN H. BALDWIN, Louisville, Ky. H. E. FRIESELL, Pittsburgh, Pa. (b) An accredited high school is defined as one which is accredited as a fouryear high school by the United States Bureau of Education, or by a university which is a member of the Association of American Universities, or by the State University of the state in which the high school is located. (c) In the case of an applicant who is not a graduate from a high school or academy, as defined above, the full equivalent of such education in each individual case must be established, and attested to by the highest public educational officer of the state in which is located the dental school which the applicant seeks to enter. (d) The entrance credentials of each student enrolled must be kept on file, and open to general inspection, until after graduation. Not later than sixty days after the opening of school the dean shall send to the secretary of the Dental Educational Council, and to the secretary of the local State Board of Dental Examiners, a complete list of the students enrolled, together with a sworn statement that each student is possessed of the entrance qualifications outlined above. (e) Students with two full years credit from Class "A" medical schools, approved by the American Medical Association, may be admitted to the sophomore class. No other advanced credit in time may be given in any other case than as above specified. No special students shall be accepted unless they are in possession of the entrance requirements specified above. (f) The foregoing regulations apply to all students, including those from foreign countries, and regardless of where the applicant expects to practice his profession. COURSE OF STUDY. SEC. 3. (a) Beginning with the session of 1917-18 the course must be four years in length, each year to consist of thirty-two weeks and six days in each week. No degrees other than Doctor of Dental Surgery, Doctor of Dental Medicine, or Doctor of Dental Science may be given. Dental subjects must be taught throughout the entire four years. Schools that offer a three-year course with one year of college work as a prerequisite shall not be regarded as satisfactory. (b) The school must offer a course of at least 4400 hours laboratory and didactic instruction. (c) The minimum hours devoted to each branch shall be as follows: SEC. 4. (a) The classes in dentistry must be taught separately from the classes in any of the other departments, if the dental school in question is part of a university. (b) The patronage of the infirmary clinic must be such as to give each student at least 150 operations in fillings. (gold, inlay, amalgam, cement, root-fillings, etc.), prosthetic work, and orthodontia. Treatments preparatory to the above, and cases of exodontia, must not be included in the number stated above. (c) In the anatomical laboratory not more than eight students, working in pairs, may be assigned to one cadaver for a complete dissection. (d) Every twenty students working in the infirmary at any given time must have the undivided services of at least one demonstrator. (e) Every thirty students working in the scientific laboratories must have the undivided services of at least one instructor. (f) Every forty students working in the technic laboratories must have the undivided services of at least one instructor. (g) No persons except those holding the D.D.S., M.D., or bachelors' degree or equivalent, or who hold a license to practice dentistry, shall be employed as instructors. LABORATORIES AND OTHER FACILITIES. SEC. 5. (a) The school must be possessed of the following number of laboratories and class rooms, equipped in the following manner: (b) One chemical laboratory equipped to adequately teach qualitative, quantita |