"The Psychology of the Child" is something that should be incorporated in a progressive school of orthodontia, inasmuch as we are dealing with children at ages when they are most impressionable. Further, we are working under a nervous strain, and we may so arrange our surroundings, our office fixtures, the decorative scheme, etc., as not to be conducive to relaxation, and this reacts not only on ourselves but on those coming into the office. Every person entering a professional or business office is impressed favorably or unfavorably, irritated or rested, by the surroundings. Personally, if I go into a room in which the pictures are hung on the wall at an angle or placed in an inappropriate location, I do not rest very comfortably. Those things are affecting us at all times, and if we ourselves are irritated those whom we serve will be unconsciously affected in a similar way. I believe certain malocclusions are produced by a child's surroundings, inasmuch as they show similarity in voice, features, and various expressions of those whom they admire. I believe certain class III cases are produced through the imitation of the child, through the fondness of the child for a grandparent or parent in whom this type of malocclusion was present.-WM. CAVANAUGH, Pacific Dental Gazette. A Plaster Bite for Bridge Work.-In constructing bridge work, it is often difficult to transfer crowns or attachments from the abutment teeth to a working model with certainty as to maintaining their proper position and relation throughout the procedure. For small or moderate-sized bridges, a plaster bite, taken as follows, will be found efficient and reliable for this purpose: With the crowns or attachments securely and accurately in position upon the abutment teeth, mix plaster moderately stiff, and with a suitable spatula apply generously over the abutments and surrounding tissues which are necessary to be reproduced in the model, and have the patient bite the opposing teeth to place. When the plaster has set, remove the bite, and replace the attachments in the impression. If the attachments pull off in the bite, be sure to press them firmly back into position, and secure with hard wax before running the model. In some cases it may be necessary to split the plaster to remove the bite, but this is generally of little consequence, as the plaster can easily be pieced together with hard wax. The advantages of this method are certainty of maintaining proper position and relation of attachments, and at the same time obtaining an accurate impression of the opposing teeth. If that portion of the bite which contains the impression of the opposing teeth is run up in some hard model material such as Weinstein's artificial stone or Spence compound it will be an advantage, for when plaster is used, this portion of the model is often rendered useless by abrasion or breakage.-C. W. COLTRIN, Dental Review. The Inlay Abutment.-This attachment is indicated for both the anterior and posterior part of the mouth, and is especially designed for short bridges, but at times can be used for longer ones. In the posterior teeth, the inlays are placed in the occlusal approximal surface, and in the anterior teeth on the lingual side approximating the space to be bridged. The tooth is prepared for the inlay and a tube of suitable size is dropped to the floor of the pulp chamber, and a little distance into the enlarged canal. The cavity is then filled with inlay wax, running it well around the tube, and carving to restore the normal contour of the tooth. The whole is then removed, the tube filled with asbestos paper or fiber, after which it is flasked and cast. It is then cleansed, placed in the mouth. and articulated. The impression is taken with the inlay in place, and after removing the impression from the mouth the inlay is waxed in it and the model prepared. The work from this point on is done on the model. We are now ready to prepare the second inlay. The cavity is ground in the first inlay, following the general shape of the tooth cavity, leaving a thick enough margin of gold all around to give strength to the inlay. It is then smoothed and polished. The entrance to the tube is slightly enlarged, a split pin is fitted in it and bent at right angles to the tube, the extending surplus metal resting in the groove. The second inlay can now be made by waxing carefully, removing, and casting around the pin. Another method which the writer prefers is to fit a pure gold matrix into the cavity of the first inlay. The pin is passed through the bottom of this matrix and into the tube. It is then waxed carefully with hard sticky-wax, removed, invested, and filled with coin gold, after which it is cleansed, replaced in the original inlay, and finished. The bridge is soldered to the inlay. This technique of inlays as abutments is not at all dependent on the casting process. The casting process is of very little service when applied to removable work where great accuracy is essential.-F. A. PEESO, Journ. N. D. A. OBITUARY Major Harold W. Estey, D.D.S. DIED, in France, Monday, October 28, 1918, of pneumonia, Major HAROLD W. ESTEY, D.D.S. Major Estey was a well-known Boston dentist, who was graduated from Harvard Dental School in 1897, and had practiced his profession in Boston for a number of years. Major Estey's military service began in 1897 as a private in the Reserve Corps Cadets, in which organization he became captain of Company A. Soon after the declaration of war Major Estey was detailed for service in France, being promoted to the rank of major. Soon after his arrival in France he was detailed to a French staff war college, and after completing the course of instruction, was regulating and liaison officer connected with the general staff. In April 1918 he was decorated by the French government for extreme bravery under fire. Major Estey is survived by his widow, three young sons, three sisters, and a brother. Dr. William Henry Wright. DIED, at his home, Brandon, Vt., May 11, 1918, in his seventy-fifth year, of heart trouble, Dr. WILLIAM HENRY WRIGHT. Dr. Wright was born in Shoreham, Vt., August 25, 1843. He obtained his early education in the district school of Whiting, Vt., and Brandon Seminary. He studied dentistry under a preceptor in Middlebury, Vt., and in February 1865 opened an office for the prac tice of dentistry at Brandon, Vt., where he continued in active practice for forty-eight years. Dr. Wright was long and favorably known in the dental circles of Vermont, being a member of the Rutland County Dental Society and a member of the Vermont State Dental Society, serving the latter society as president in 1894. Although actively engaged in the practice of his profession, Dr. Wright was largely interested in farming, real estate, and politics. He was one of the founders of the Cloud County Bank of Concordia, Kansas, and had served in the capacities of vicepresident and president of this bank for twenty-five years. He was also president of the First National Bank of Brandon, Vt., for more than fifteen years. He was a member of the House of Representatives from 1912-14, and was a member of the Vermont State Senate in 1915-16. Dr. Wright was married to Miss Alma Esther Smith of Brandon, Vt., in 1873, and is survived by his widow and two sons. "In Memoriam" Resolutions. Dr. Robert M. Scott. AT the regular meeting of the Dental Society of Chester and Delaware Counties (Pa.), held September 25, 1918, the following in memoriam resolutions were adopted. Whereas, in the providence of an all-wise Creator, our fellow member Dr. Robert M. Scott died June 29, 1918; and Whereas, his ability and skill as a practitioner and his keen interest in professional affairs placed him in the front rank among the members of this society; now therefore be it RESOLVED, That we, the members of this society, feel deeply his loss, and hereby express our appreciation of his worth, and our sorrow over the untimely close of a successful career; and be it further RESOLVED, That a page on our minute-book be set aside, and the secretary be instructed to inscribe thereon these resolutions, and that a copy be sent to his widow, also to the professional journals for publication. JUSTIN E. HARLAN, Committee. ARMY AND NAVY DENTAL NEWS Camp Fremont Dental Corps Notes. By RAOUL H. BLANQUIE, 1st Lt. D. C., Camp Fremont, Cal. THE 8th Division at Camp Fremont, Cal., was one of the last cantonments to receive its full quota of dental surgeons. For several months the entire amount of dental work was handled, as best could be, by a few army dentists. The actual commencement of the dental corps was marked by the assignment to this division of Major C. M. Taylor, D.C., as acting division dental surgeon last April. A U. S. army division comprises 27,500 men, and is entitled by table of organization to 31 dental surgeons, and as many dental assistants. In May dental officers began reporting for duty, and then started the division dental surgeon's task of organizing the corps. Upon arrival in camp each dental surgeon was placed on attached service to a definite organization and made attendant to approximately 1000 men. A complete field dental equipment was furnished him, which was set up in a room in the infirmary of his organization, or if this was not available, a special tent was placed at his disposal. In order to expedite the work in a systematic way, each dental surgeon undertook a survey of his organization, giving every man a complete examination and recording on a chart the necessary work to be performed. Later, those requiring immediate attention were treated first. The following compiled data will give an idea of the amount of work confronting the dental corps at this camp. Records for 14,339 men were obtained. The division consists of 27,500 men. Therefore, this left 13,161 yet to be tabulated. Number of carious teeth "extractions Abscessed teeth and those with putrescent pulps Pyorrhea, true Extensive salivary deposits 21,402 6,053 2,295 679 873 Number of impacted 3d molars not tabulated; one dental surgeon of the 320th Field Sig. Bn. found 13 upon examination of 800 men. No tabulation of number of dentures needed. In June the permanent "division dental infirmaries," consisting of two large buildings, were completed and occupied. It may be said that these buildings are the best constructed in this camp. They are roomy, well lighted and ventilated, and furnished with hot and cold running water. The hours of duty are as follows: 7.45 A.M. to 12 M. 1 P.M. to 4 P.M. 4 to 5 P.M., exercises and drill. The corps during July has had its numbers depleted, owing to transfer of some of its members. Nevertheless, work has been progressing substantially, as can be judged by the record of the month of July, viz: 66 Dental surgeons working 28 2,301 5,282 91 165 aphthous Odontalgia Stomatitis, acute catarrhal Wounds of the mouth, contused 2 1 4 1 Tooth, superimposed Granuloma 1 Syphilis 3 1 56 248 Operations. Sensitive dentin, Ag-NO, treatment Polished fillings Crown facings repaired Conduction anesthesia Tooth separation Pulps capped 24 2 4 upper Repairs to denture Twice weekly, meetings are held under the direction of Major Taylor, after regular hours. Regulations of the service and the court-martial manual were at first taken up at length. Papers are read and discussed, each dental surgeon preparing a paper on a subject relative to oral surgery or army dentistry, and one being read at each meeting. The base hospital of this division carries two dental surgeons. These men are constantly in consultation with the medical staff in cases of patients suffering with systemic disturbances from focal infections, and are rendering a 1 great assistance in clearing up these cases. Here is also established a wellequipped dental laboratory where a great number of partial dentures with lingual bars, and full dentures, are made for those in need of them in the division. All credit for the work accomplished is due to Major C. M. Taylor, who has 1 1 endeavored assiduously to make the dental corps at Camp Fremont a smoothrunning and efficient organization. It is the hope and desire of each member in this corps to see active service overseas very soon. Italy Honors General Gorgas. IN recognition of his distinguished services in behalf of military sanitation, Major-general William C. Gorgas, until recently Surgeongeneral of the United States Army, has been made a Grand Officer of the Order of the Crown of Italy. The ceremony of presentation took place November 5th, in the office of the Surgeon-general, the order being presented by Major General Emilio Guglielmotti, military attaché of the Royal Italian embassy.-Army and Navy Register. Sources of New Dental Officers. DECISION was reached this week by the military authorities, upon recommendation of Col. William H. G. Logan, medical corps, head of the dental section of the Surgeongeneral's office, in regard to the methods to be followed in obtaining the additional dental officers needed as a result of the recent increase in the military forces. By orders recently issued the allowance of dental officers was increased to one for every 500 men in the United States, three for each camp hospital, and three per thousand for each general hospital, and the allowance for the forces overseas also was increased, the new allowance amounting approximately to one for every 500 of the total strength of the army. Under the new schedule, a total of some 10,000 dental officers will be needed by July 1, 1919, or about 3500 more than now are on active duty and temporarily commissioned in the dental corps and still on an inactive status. The regulations that will govern new appointments are based on the premises that those dentists that are in, or will be taken as a result of the draft into, the military service should first be given opportunity to qualify for commissions in the dental corps. Therefore opportunity for commissions will be confined to those dentists that now are serving in the enlisted grades, and to those that may come in through the draft. If the vacancies are not all filled from these classes, then dentists within the draft ages and rated in class 1-A and not called to service, and those between forty-six and fifty-five years of age, will be given the opportunity to take examination for appointment. There are now about seventy vacancies in the dental corps of the regular army. Candidates, who will be limited generally to those now temporarily in the service, will be examined, commencing November 4th, by boards that have been ordered to meet at Fort Slocum, N. Y.; Camp Meade, Md.; Fort Oglethorpe, Ga.; Camp Lee, Va.; Columbus Barracks, Ohio; Fort Sam Houston, Texas; Camp Funston, Kans.; and Letterman General Hospital, San Francisco.-Army and Nary Register. Naval Dental Corps. PROGRESS is being made in the naval dental school, recently established at the naval training station, Great Lakes, where about thirty young dental officers are under instruction. The first course will be completed in a week or two, and another class will be formed. The courses are six weeks in length, and consist of both naval and professional subjects, the purpose being to prepare newly appointed dental officers for their duties afloat and ashore in the navy. The dental corps of the navy now consists of about 500.-Army and Navy Register. Army Medical Department. CHANGES in the duties of the officers of the army medical department in the important billets in this country, expected as a result of the appointment of General Ireland as Surgeon-general of the Army, are destined to be made with great deliberation, if made at all to any extent. General Ireland proposes to proceed without violence in his administration of the affairs of the department, and so far only the necessary orders are being issued. The most important of the week is the assignment of Col. Winford Smith, formerly superintendent of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, as head of the hospital division of the Surgeon-general's office, as the successor of General Noble, who has gone to France. General Ireland has been succeeded as chief surgeon of the American Expeditionary Force by Col. Walter D. McCaw, it has been announced. It is not made known to what duty General Noble will be assigned.-Army and Navy Register. Promotions. ARMY DENTAL CORPS. The following appointments (promotions) are announced (October 19th): To be CAPTAINS for existing emergency: 1st Lieuts. Julius D. Goldman, George M. Frith, Richard C. Hughes, Vincent A. Hannigan, Edward B. Riblet, Wm. E. Mentzer, Aaron R. Crane, Frank M. McFarland, Floyd E. Clinite, Charles T. Miles, John E. O'Flinn, Atwell L. Benton, Harry V. Talbert, John A. |