Senator EAGLETON. Before we get to you, Mr. Bond, are you at Washing University? Mr. BOND. No, I am at St. Louis University. I am one of the two. Mr. BOND. Second year. Senator EAGLETON. Where is your home? Mr. BOND. Washington, D.C. Senator EAGLETON. That is, some of my opponents say, my temporary home. Mr. BOND. Incidentally, I believe you went on to point out about the physicians that graduated from Baltimore. If you read the latest statistics, they go on to show that most of the doctors practicing within Washington, D.C., general practitioners, practice in the model cities area, so that the rationale that black doctors move to the country is a farce, so to speak, because in the town that you are in right now, proves your statement in error. Senator EAGLETON. Do you intend to go back to Washington, or do you know? Mr. BOND. This is sort of a quibbling point with me. I realize that Washington has a great deal of medical manpower in that Howard University is situated in Washington. What I would like to do would be to go out to the Charles R. Drew Post Graduate Medical School to get additional training, in community based health facilities, and from there I am sort of open for options as to just where I will finally settle down. Senator EAGLETON. Did you apply to either Georgetown or George Washington? Mr. BOND. I applied to George Washington. Actually, George Washington was my choice, but I got a waiting list and so I just let it go. Senator EAGLETON. How many other schools did you apply to other than St. Louis University? Mr. BOND. Approximately seven. Senator EAGLETON. Did you apply to Meharry or Howard? Senator EAGLETON. Were you accepted there? Mr. BOND. Sort of a waiting list. I am what you call that marginal student that made it, in terms of minority students, or let's say, I consider myself that student, that had some irregularities in his record and could go either way in a medical setting; and yet I did make it at a medical school, where supposedly I wasn't supposed to make it, so that the thought that many schools use to cop out of taking minority students because they have given him special courses in terms of curriculum, and so forth, and so on, is a farce really, because I took the regular load and made it. Senator EAGLETON. That is the precise point I want to get. Looking back at your first year retrospectively-you are a graduate of what college? Mr. BOND. A small college in East Orange, N.J., Upsala. Senator EAGLETON. Black? Mr. BOND. No; a predominantly white school. My primary education was done in the ghetto of Washington. Senator EAGLETON. In the District of Columbia school system? Mr. BOND. District of Columbia school system in which the Federal Government funds or I should say doesn't funds, because they have never received the types of moneys that the county schools have. Senator EAGLETON. In your freshman year here at St. Louis Unisety did you take certain basic courses that everybody takes? Mr. BOND. Right. Senator EAGLETON. Were there many times or was there a time when you felt, looking at yourself, that you weren't up to it? Mr. BOND. We will put it this way. In terms of competing with my assmates, I competed well with my classmates and in some courses I id etter, and I also did this recruiting for the school, which was dur1g my third semester while still taking the regular course load and was also seeing students from the airport, co-interviewing them, neet 1g in committees meetings, to see if we could get these students , and so really I took full load. Dr. WHITTIco. And meeting with the local medical societies? Mr. BOND. Right, as a matter of fact, most of the physicians around town know me. Senator EAGLETON. Were any remedial or tutorial services offered to you! Mr. BOND. None. Let's say if I had asked, there may have been, but I in't ask and so, you know-in other words, you know, there was h.n me enough guts to say, you know, I can make the regular course ad and beat the game. Serator EAGLETON. Thank you, Mr. Bond. Prepared statement submitted appears at p. 654.) STATEMENT OF HENRY NICHOLS, M.D., RESIDENT, WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER Dr. NICHOLS. I am a resident at Washington University Medical Center. This past year I, along with Karen and Julian, had the morbid experience of working with the Washington University Admissions Committee. What I will relate from our experience will point out the any farces that have been presented here today. Ness to say, in a mild sense of the word, the minds of the people of the admissions committee at Washington University, and I am sure at St. Louis University, which reflects the thinking of committees of o's all over the country in general, is racist to say the least. The first big hang-up is that most of the students who were recruited came from predominantly black institutions in the South. And because institutions were being put down by the admissions committee, there was a problem of seeing the real worth of a student from Tallaa or from Tougaloo College in Mississippi. Automatically he is fied as being a failure before he gets admitted to the medical “ol. He cannot be considered on the same basis as a student from Harvard University or Yale University or Western Reserve. The second big hang-up here is that the Medical College admissions which is a middle class examination designed for people from a real middle class background, simply can't apply to black students at all. There is only one part of the examination that may be relevant and that is the scientific portion of it. In this examination you have 52 314 0-71—11 a fine arts section, which deals with such things as Michelangelo's paintings and identifying them. As far as I am concerned, what relevancy does this have to a fellow being a good practitioner of medicine. Is it necessary for one to know one of Michelangelo's painting in order to be a good diagnostician and to be a good therapist? I think there are many statistics in the past that will show black students going to predominantly black schools and accepted in predominantly white medical schools in the past on a marginal level have been able to successfully compete academically with their white peers. I think the most classic example of this in recent times is at the Case Western Reserve Medical School this past year. The No. 1 man of the class was black and is a graduate of Morehouse College in Atlanta which is a black school. And I am sure this fellow did not have aptitude tests scores equivalent to the medical college aptitude tests scores of white applicants from Stanford, Chicago, and other places. It is a joke that black students applying to medical schools are going to receive this kind of consideration. The admissions committees' members' minds and their concept of what the black experience is all about is certainly going to have to change and in a more positive manner. Until this is done, we are going to continue to have the same kind of sham operations, the tokenism attitudes and philosophies that have prevailed in most medical schools all across this country that have prevented medical schools from graduating the number of black students they should. To carry this further, it is not only a problem with admissions here, but once the students get into the medical school there is continued harassment, repression, and oppression by members of the faculty. There are constant reminders daily that you came from a predominant black educational background and you are second rate. Students are often told that they have a language problem and their grammar is not correct. We know that the implications of such action for black medical students is of such a grave nature that this has to be changed completely, immediately. The most recent pertinent example of this kind of attitude prevailing is at the University of California, Los Angeles, where the Student National Medical Association had to move in on the situation, because black students were being vamped on once they were accepted. They were consistently harassed by members of the faculty. There was also a very small number of black students at that medical school. In essence, the Student National Medical Association related to the vicechancellor at UCLA, "you know, you can't find many black students for medical school, but in sports, you can always find the black basketball players, football players. Maybe you should send the coach out to recruit some medical students for you." It is regretable that the representatives who spoke before us from Washington University are not here now. They know that it was a very morbid experience. There is a lot of mind-checking-out to do. There must be many changes in attitudes. There must be much more understanding of what the black experience is all about. This must be put into the admissions program. One of the best ways this can be done is by adding blacks to the admissions committee. This is something many medical schools are doing, because psychologically many of us know that as far as relating totally to the black experience, white people just can't do it. They need the black perspective. The only person who can really give the admissions committee of medical schools the true black perspective is another black person, so we think all over this country, without delay, that medical institutions should add black people to their admissions committees. Senator EAGLETON. Didn't you say you served in some capacity with the Washington University Admissions Committee? Dr. NICHOLS, Right, but I didn't have voting privileges. I think this was a prostitution of my time, because the Washington University Medical Center knew that there were many capable black physicians in the city who had the time and were willing to serve on the admissns committee. Through a slow process approaches have now been esde to these individuals to work on the admissions committee. You a so need black administrators in the medical centers. You need black deas and faculty members in medical centers who can constantly reni the people and relate to the people in the medical center what the L'ak experience is all about and give the true black perspective. At the medical center this past year there were approximately 600 house af members. Of this number approximately 3 or 4 were black. Senator EAGLETON. What was this? Dr. NICHOLS, House staff, that includes interns, residents, fellows, et Wera. There are 600 comprising the so-called house staff and 4 out of 6 are black. All we are saying is that this is less than 0.6 percent of the total number of house staff in the medical center. The percentage at St. Louis University is similar. These medical verters are going to have to make a more vigorous attempt to recruit more black house staff people. Quite a few of the patients who are te subiects of experiments and research are black patients, yet at the me time there is no sensitivity to the fact that black patients can't have a black intern or resident taking care of them. University medcal centers are going to have to make a more vigorous attempt to attract more black house staff people who are available in this country to thedical center. We also feel that not only must medical centers go out and make attempts to attract blacks, but eradicate the same internal problems tat back medical students face in these environments. House staff Tembers are confronted with the same problems, such as constant harassment and reminder that if you came from Howard or Meharry at you came from a second-rate medical school. You are not expected to do, you are not expected to know, you are not expected to undersani. because you didn't get the erudite education that a medical wol graduate of Harvard or Yale got. We know darn well since we have been in this situation which is supposed to be one of the best, and is a factual for all medical schools across the country, that once an M.D. degree is given and the recipient is willing to work hard, it 3n't make any difference where you went to school. You see, for example, Harvard and Yale medical graduates daily and you wonder were in the hell they came from. Senator EAGLETON. I am a Harvard graduate. Dr. NICHOLS. As far as medicine goes and I'm sure it is applicable to r professions. Senator EAGLETON. You mentioned the aptitude test, Michelangelo paintings and all that. I think you said that insofar as the scientific part of the aptitude test is concerned, you thought it was pretty fair or reasonably fair. I don't want to put words in your mouth. Dr. NICHOLS. It is more relevant than the rest of the examination in helping to evaluate black applicants. Senator EAGLETON. If you had a black applicant who is, we will say, in art and symphony music rated D but in scientific aptitude results, we will call it, in a B, that guy is worth a chance, worth a gamble? Dr. NICHOLS. Most definitely. It is not a gamble. I think if an individual comes into a conducive kind of environment where he is not harassed, where he is encouraged rather than repressed, that student will do very, very well. Senator EAGLETON. What was your medical school? Dr. NICHOLS. Meharry. Senator EAGLETON. Your home? Dr. NICHOLS. Florida. Senator EAGLETON. You are a resident? Dr. NICHOLS. Third year resident in pathology. Dr. NICHOLS. At Meharry. Senator EAGLETON. How many other black residents were there? Dr. NICHOLS. There were three others last year. Senator EAGLETON. Interns don't count on the house staff? Dr. NICHOLS. No; interns do count as being on the house staff. The four I referred to were residents. There are no black interns. I might say this, that another reason why there may be a small number of blacks in the medical center is that the image of the institution is bad, and when most people consider residencies or internships, one of the last places they think about is the Washington University Medical Center. There are many other centers in the country that fall in the same category. Minnesota, Pennsylvania, and some other institutions that are proving themselves in a relative sense to be more liberal and, more progressive in their thinking are chosen for residencies and internships. Senator EAGLETON. Washington University has a negative rating. How about St. Louis University? Dr. NICHOLS. Very bad as far as black graduates in medicine go and as far as black students in medicine go. Mr. BOND. Senator, there is one other point that I would like to make in terms of the exams. I believe it was a study that was done in 1959 that went on to say that the correlation of performance in medical school and the exams were so low that it was almost insignificant in terms of performance from students coming from predominantly black colleges. There was a study run at Harvard Medical School by the president of our association last year, last summer, where he took individuals from predominantly, well, let's say, from colleges around the country that hadn't sent any students of medicine, put them into the Harvard curriculum for the summer, and they performed as well at Harvard as they did in their own institutions, so you know Senator EAGLETON. I am not saying no one would say exams are perfect, however, any admissions committee, and assume it is a thoroughly integrated one with black physicians, white physicians, black students, white students, all sitting on the committee, you have several hundred applicants for a limited number of places and you have to |