YEARS 1801 TO 1900. MERICAN ALMANAC FOR 1880. PERPETUAL ALMANAC. A Calendar for ascertaining any Day of the Week in any given Time during the Nineteenth Century. 2 2 5 7 5 5 1 3 35 1462 4 61472 57 6247 2 5 1 3 6 1 1809 1815 1826 1837 1843 1854 1865 1871 1882 1893 1899 7 3 1810 1821 1827 1838 1849 1855 1866 1877 1883 1894 1900 1 4 31 Dec. THE TIME OF HIGH WATER at the places following may be found approximately for each day by adding to or subtracting from the time of high water at New York the hours and minutes annexed. [Corrected at the office of the United States Coast and Geodetical Survey.] EXAMPLE. To ascertain at what hour it will be high tide at Baltimore on the 1st of August, find the time of high water at New York under August 1st, which is 4.24 A.M., then add 10 hours 52 minutes, as found in the table of Tide Constants under Baltimore, and we have 3.16 P.M. as the hour of high water at Baltimore August 1st, 1880. NOTE.-The hours of high water in the calendar pages are the morning hours --from midnight to noon-throughout the year, as computed for the U. S. Coast Survey. To find the time of next high water, or the afternoon tide-from noon to midnight-add 12 h. 25 m. in each day. The result will be the proximate hour of evening tide. For low water, add 6 h. 12 m., approximately, to the time of high water. Explanation of the Calendar. THE two natural divisions of time are the day, of 24 hours, representing one revolution of the earth on its axis, and the year, 365 days, approximately representing one revolution of the earth around the sun. The month represents (nearly) the period of the moon's revolution round the earth (about 291 days), while the week is approximately one-fourth of this. By the Julian Calendar, established by Julius Cæsar, 46 B.C., the months were reconstructed; the Roman year, which began March 1, and had but ten months, being changed to Jan. 1, and two months added. Thirty-one days were given to the Ist, 3d, 5th, 7th, 8th, 10th, and 12th months, and 30 days each to the rest, except February, which on every fourth year received an intercalary day, made by the sexto Calendas Martius, whence "leap year" came to be called Bissextile. As the Julian year had 36514 days, its length exceeded the true solar year by 11m.14 sec., so that the equinox in the course of centuries fell back several days. To correct this error, Pope Gregory XIII. in 1582 reformed the calendar by suppressing ten days, restoring the equinox to March 21. The Gregorian Calendar also made every year which is divisible by four without & remainder a leap year, except the centesimal years, which are only leap years when the first two figures are divisible by four: thus 1600 was a leap year, 1700, 1800, and 1900 common years, 2000 a leap year, etc. The length of the mean year is 365 d. 5h. 49m. 12 sec., exceeding the true solar year nearly 26 sec., which error amounts only to 1 day in 3.325 years. The Gregorian Calendar was adopted by Germany in 1700, and by English law in 1752, when the Julian Calendar, or old style, gave place to the new style, by dropping eleven days from the month of September, 1752. The festival of Easter, commemorating the resurrection of Christ, used to be observed on the 14th day of the moon, i.e., near the full moon-the same as the Jewish Passover. But the Council of Nice, A.D. 325, ordered Easter to be celebrated on the Sunday next succeeding the ful' moon, that comes on or next after the vernal equinox-March 21st; thus makin Easter and the related feast and fast days movable holidays. To find the time of high tide at fifty places in the United States, see page 5. NOTABLE EVENTS IN JANUARY. Jan. 1, 1863. President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation. "2, 1788. Georgia ratified the Constitution. 6, 1844. First Magnetic Telegraph-from Baltimore to Washington. 8, 1815. Defeat of British Army by Jackson at New Orleans. "10, 1840. Penny Postage established in England. 66 13, 1825. Slavery abolished in Mexico. 66 14, 1848. Gold discovered in California. 66 531, 1849. Abolition of the British Corn Laws. To find the time of high tide at fifty places in the United States, see page 5. NOTABLE EVENTS IN FEBRUARY. Feb. 2, 1848. Mexican Treaty, Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed. 66 5, 1788. Massachusetts ratified the Constitution. 7, 1812. Charles Dickens born. 66 8, 1587. Mary Queen of Scots beheaded. 13, 1689. William III. and Mary proclaimed sovereigns of England. "14, 1859. Oregon admitted into the Union. 19, 1821. Florida ceded by Spain to the United States. "22, 1732. George Washington born. "23, 1848. John Quincy Adams died, aged 80. 25, 1791. First United States Bank chartered. 24, 1863. Territory of Arizona organized. 26, 1848. French Republic proclaimed. |