Federal agencies, such as the Department of Agriculture, the Office of Economic Opportunity, and to place in problem rural areas persons particularly skilled in community organization, to help that community to utilize existing resources, such as the hospital and medical facilities construction program, the Small Business Administration, the HHFA, the Sears Roebuck Foundation, and the AMA activities in order to strengthen the services in the community.

TRANSFER FUNDS FOR SELECTIVE SERVICE REJECTEES

Mr. FOGARTY. You show a decrease of $5 million due to a transfer to OEO of the funds for the selective service rejectees program. Is this a change in the program or just a change in where it shows in the budget?

Dr. WHARTON. This will not represent a change in the program, sir. It will represent only a change in the point at which the budget item is carried.

PRESIDENT'S COUNCIL ON PHYSICAL FITNESS

Mr. FOGARTY. What is being accomplished by the President's Council on Physical Fitness?

Dr. WHARTON. I would appreciate, sir, if Mr. Stewart might answer questions on this.

Mr. FOGARTY. I remember you from last year, Mr. Stewart. It was your first appearance?

Mr. STEWART. Yes, sir, my inaugural review.

Mr. FOGARTY. Do you have a better story this year?

Mr. STEWART. I hope so.

Mr. FOGARTY. Go right ahead.

Mr. STEWART. We put out a 4-year report on fitness, if I may submit this, and use it as a guideline.

As you know, up until 1963 the President's Council was called Youth Fitness and the bulk of the program was oriented toward the school systems of America. Consequently most of our efforts were directed through either our youth-serving organizations that hinge on schools or the schools themselves.

Just a word on positive increases which you can look at in the opening paragraph there, what we call closing the muscle gap. For example, in specialists in physical education there was an overall increase of 23.6 percent, whereas the school enrollment went up 14 percent and normal growth in teachers hired was about 17 percent. Actually, during a recent period, tests done on our school youngstersabout 54 million youngsters are in school, if we include the college people-show that those who passed in the excellent category in 1958 would today have a difficult time falling into the good category.

ADULT PHYSICAL FITNESS

There is this much improvement in the physical achievement of schoolchildren. Interest in our adult program publications is at an alltime high. Through our efforts, with the Advertising Council, we have created a climate of concern in this matter of physical fitness and the total well-being of our civilization. We put out publications on that.

Just to show you the kind of impact this total program is making on the adult, this physical fitness book has been a best seller ever since it has been put out by the Government Printing Office.

Other publications such as the Surgeon General's report on smoking and the report on income tax are also good sellers, but they are kind of a seasonal thing. In this kind of publication we have sold close to one-half million copies. We have made no effort again to solicit the sale of this. The Government Printing Office does a little work on this. We are asking for an increase in the budget in this particular area of publications.

This booklet was put out 4 years ago. It is a guideline for our elementary and secondary schools. It will have to be updated in view of recent research findings and other methods of conducting class programs.

In addition, in this whole area of publications, which is only one small facet of our total program, our books for teenage boys and girls have received very good response in terms of sale of these publications through the Government Printing Office.

In addition we collaborate with business and industry. This is actually the way the President's Council is operated within its own context and the framework of the limited personnel and budget. We have solicited, and you can find that in the back of our report, over $1 million from business and industry to conduct programs.

You can best describe the operation of the President's Council, when Shane McCarthy was director, as a catalyst-type group and clearinghouse. When Mr. Wilkinson took over it got into publications and action proposals, the Advertising Council, and some of these publications I have shown you.

Since Mr. Musial took over in February of 1964, we have gotten into the area of programs. There was concern that the bulk of the programs were arranged through the school systems but we are now working on programs for our adult population.

To illustrate in one particular area, at the present time we are working in conjunction with NASA on a 6-month experiment, using all scientific and technical equipment that they use for the astronaut program, for a conditioning program for about 50 executives. This is to be a controlled group. Forty of these people will go through a conditioning program devised by the President's Cuncil on Physical Fitness. They will be wired up like the astronauts when they exercise and when they perform their normal functions as executives. There is an acute need in the Nation for this kind of study. Heart disease kills 55 percent of our total population and the average age in this country is now 42 years for this prevalent disease.

When they train executives, major companies often will train three executives for one particular position because of this mortality rate on heart disease. We are hopeful that out of the information received, working with NASA and some of the Nation's best cardiologists, we will come up with a program for adults that will be scientifically sound. We do not have this kind of thing today. We have a lot of fragmentary research. Most of our medical research is concerned with curing disease; we do not have it in this area of preventive medicine.

That is one of the things we are working on, to dispense this kind of information to our adult population, but particularly our top management.

PHYSICAL FITNESS PROGRAM IN RHODE ISLAND

Mr. FOGARTY. That is a much better story than you gave us last year. I do not hear a thing in my State about this program. Mr. STEWART. In Rhode Island?

Mr. FOGARTY. Yes.

Mr. STEWART. I have Mr. McNeely with me who handles our Federal and State relations. He is an expert on this, on what happens in Rhode Island.

Mr. MCNEELY. We had some improvement in the school programs, Mr. Fogarty.

Mr. FOGARTY. I have not heard a word about it.

Mr. MCNEELY. Recently the department of education has employed a specialist in physical education full time to work with the schools. Mr. Conley is his name. Rhode Island has issued a school manual emphasizing health and physical education. The Governor has a council on physical education. Governor Chafee has made a number of statements supporting the program. Rhode Island is one of the States where we can point to some development in the school program. In terms of public information, our advertising campaign is still going forward. I would assume the communications media in Rhode Island carry the message.

Mr. FOGARTY. It is probably my fault, then.

Mr. McNEELY. I just point those out as some evidences.

Mr. FOGARTY. I think it is good. I am all for the program. think it is good and I am glad to hear it.

Mr. STEWART. Actually we use this publication as a twofold weapon, not only as a stimulus in the State, but also as a complete report State by State, where all the facts are made public, so States can see how they rate with other States.

We wrote personal letters on this. It was interesting to see how rapidly there were changes within States, particularly in the area of having hired a State director of health and recreation.

PHYSICAL FITNESS PROGRAM IN CALIFORNIA SCHOOLS

Mr. SHRIVER. I would like these maps on pages 7 and 9 placed in the record. I notice my State of Kansas shows up better than average, but California is the only one all in black on the second map.

Mr. STEWART. This is the only State in America that has a daily program of physical education at all levels. This is California, elementary and secondary schools. Naturally 36 gold medal runners came from California in the Olympics. They have the best program in America.

DRAFT REJECTEES DUE TO PHYSICAL DISABILITY OR MENTAL REASONS

Mr. FOGARTY. Do you have any figures on the rejectees in the draft because of physical fitness or mental illness?

- Mr. STEWART. About 50 percent. This is according to Senator Pell's report on progress and youth. A little over 50 percent, and half of those are rejected because of physical disability. Some of those have heart conditions or are amputees.

Mr. FLOOD. Nothing new about that. I was chairman of the draft board in 1940 when we created the act. The figures then were the same as they are now. The same in World War I, II, and Korea and tomorrow morning; why?

Mr. STEWART. One reason is the fact we have never given emphasis to this in our school systems. After sputnik most of the efforts have been restricted.

Mr. FLOOD. There is no country in the world where you have intramural sports like you have in American high schools right before they are drafted. Where did you ever hear of basketball and baseball teams, track teams, gymnasiums, and what not as you have here in the smallest crossroads high school in the United States and the biggest in New York City?

The greatest sports programs in the world are in our high schools. Mr. STEWART. That is 10 percent of the student population that is involved. Let me give you a classic example. We did a study in Bethesda-Chevy Chase of the student population of 2,000 students. They have 18 sports there. Out of that student body there are only 300 athletes participating because many of them play football, basketball, and baseball. We don't have enough for the lower 50 percent of our student body.

There are schools with excellent intramural programs. There are also many schools with no gymnasiums.

SOURCE OF ADDITIONAL FUNDS FOR LOCAL SCHOOLS

Mr. FLOOD. What are the school districts going to use for moneyrubber bands or cigar store coupons? I am well acquainted with some that are broke now.

Mr. STEWART. These schools belong to the people.

Mr. FLOOD. To whom?

Mr. STEWART. The taxpayers.

SOURCES OF FUNDS FOR THE LOCAL SCHOOL BOARD

Mr. FLOOD. I know all about that. What is the school board going to use for money? You know the tax situation. What else are they going to tax? This is a good idea, but what are they going to use for money?

Mr. STEWART. Any civilization that is going to pay for the things it thinks are important

Mr. FLOOD. This is not an exercise in semantics. What are they going to use for money? Where are they going to get it?

Mr. STEWART. What the gross national product

Mr. FLOOD. I am not talking about the gross national product but the school board.