Handbook of Advanced Electronic and Photonic Materials and Devices: Light-emitting diodes, lithium batteries and polymer devicesHari Singh Nalwa Academic Press, 2001 Electronic and photonic materials discussed in this handbook are the key elements of continued scientific and technological advances in the 21st century. The electronic and photonic materials comprising this handbook include semiconductors, superconductors, ferroelectrics, liquid crystals, conducting polymers, organic and superconductors, conductors, nonlinear optical and optoelectronic materials, electrochromic materials, laser materials, photoconductors, photovoltaic and electroluminescent materials, dielectric materials, nanostructured materials, supramolecular and self-asemblies, silicon and glasses, photosynthetic and respiratory proteins, etc, etc. Some of these materials have already been used and will be the most important components of the semiconductor and photonic industries, computers, internet, information processing and storage, telecommunications, satellite communications, integrated circuits, photocopiers, solar cells, batteries, light-emitting diodes, liquid crystal displays, magneto-optic memories, audio and video systems, recordable compact discs, video cameras, X-ray technology, color imaging, printing, flat-panel displays, optical waveguides, cable televisions, computer chips, molecular-sized transistors and switches, as well as other emerging cutting edge technologies. Electronic and photonic materials are expected to grow to a trillion-dollar industry in the new millennium and will be the most dominating forces in the emerging new technologies in the fields of science and engineering. This handbook is a unique source of the in-depth knowledge of synthesis, processing, fabrication, spectroscopy, physical properties and applications of electronic and photonic materials covering everything for today's and developing future technologies. This handbook consists of over one hundred state-of-the-art review chapters written by more than 200 world leading experts from 25 different countries. With more than 23,000 bibliographic citations and several thousands of figures, tables, photographs, chemical structures and equations, this handbook is an invaluable major reference source for scientists and students working in the field of materials science, solid-state physics, chemistry, electrical and optical engineering, polymer science, device engineering and computational engineering, photophysics, data storage and information technology and technocrats, everyone who is involved in science and engineering of electronic and photonic materials. Key Features * This is the first handbook ever published on electronic and photonic materials * 10 volumes summarize the advances in electronic and photonic materials made over past the two decades * This handbook is a unique source of the in-depth knowledge of synthesis, processing, spectroscopy, physical properties and applications of electronic and photonic materials * Over 100 state-of-the-art review chapters written by more than 200 leading experts from 25 different countries * About 25,000 bibliographic citations and several thousand figures, tables, photographs, chemical structures and equations * Easy access to electronic and photonic materials from a single reference * Each chapter is self-contained with cross references * Single reference having all inorganic, organic and biological materials * Witten in very clear and concise fashion for easy understanding of structure property relationships in electronic and photonic materials |
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Page 4
... devices of very high brightness ( 140,000 cd / m2 ) and rela- tively long operating time ( ~ 50,000 h ) were recently reported [ 21 ] . For comparison , it should be remembered that the brightness of a TV screen is ≈100 cd / m2 , while ...
... devices of very high brightness ( 140,000 cd / m2 ) and rela- tively long operating time ( ~ 50,000 h ) were recently reported [ 21 ] . For comparison , it should be remembered that the brightness of a TV screen is ≈100 cd / m2 , while ...
Page 35
... devices . 5. DEGRADATION MECHANISMS Stability of the devices is one of the most important criteria re- quired for industrial use . For commercial applications , a life- time of > 10,000 h is required . Such a value , unrealistic a few ...
... devices . 5. DEGRADATION MECHANISMS Stability of the devices is one of the most important criteria re- quired for industrial use . For commercial applications , a life- time of > 10,000 h is required . Such a value , unrealistic a few ...
Page 40
... devices heavy and inflexible . Doping is another alternative to enhance not only the stabil- ity but also the efficiency of the devices . The doped material may be either the emitter [ 638 , 662-665 ] or the electrode [ 627 ] . When ...
... devices heavy and inflexible . Doping is another alternative to enhance not only the stabil- ity but also the efficiency of the devices . The doped material may be either the emitter [ 638 , 662-665 ] or the electrode [ 627 ] . When ...
Contents
3 | 2 |
Degradation Mechanisms | 35 |
OPTICAL DEVICES BASED ON CONDUCTIVE POLYMERS | 53 |
Copyright | |
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A. B. Holmes A. J. Heeger absorption Alq3 amorphous anode Appl applied atoms bandgap Batteries cathode CdTe charge carriers Chem chemical coefficient composition compounds conducting polymers conduction band crystal curve density deposition devices dielectric diffusion diodes dipole discharge doped efficiency elec electrets electric field electrochemical electrodeposition electroluminescence electrolyte electron emission emitting energy excitons ferroelectric function glass Heeger holes injection inorganic intercalation interface Ionics ions Julien lattice layer Lett light lithium materials metal mobility mode molecular molecules MoS2 n-type semiconductor Nazri NiPS3 nonlinear optical observed obtained organic oxidation p-n junction p-type phase photocurrent photoelectrochemical photonic photovoltaic Phys piezoelectric polarization poling poly polyaniline polymer film polymerization polypyrrole polythiophene potential properties pyroelectric quantum R. H. Friend reaction redox sample semiconductor shows solar cells Solid solution spectra structure substrate surface Synth synthesized technique thermal thickness tion TiS2 transition transport valence band