projectile to produce immediate unconsciousness. He must use the correct caliber firearm, powder charge and type of ammunition to produce the desired results.

(2) Special requirements. Choice of firearms and ammunition with respect to caliber and choice of powder charge required to produce immediate unconsciousness of the animal may vary depending on age and sex of the animal. In the case of bulls, rams, and boars, small bore firearms may be used provided they are able to produce immediate unconsciousness of the animals. Small bore firearms are usually effective for stunning other cattle, sheep, swine, and goats, and calves, horses, and mules.

$313.30 Electrical; stunning or slaughtering with electric current.

The slaughtering of swine, sheep, calves, cattle, and goats with the use of electric current and the handling in connection therewith, in compliance with the provisions contained in this section, are hereby designated and approved as humane methods of slaughtering and handling of such animals under the Act.

(a) Administration of electric current, required effect; handling. (1) The electric current shall be administered so as to produce, at a minimum, surgical anesthesia, i.e., a state where the animal feels no painful sensation. The animals shall be either stunned or killed before they are shackled, hoisted, thrown, cast, or cut. They shall be exposed to the electric current in a way that will accomplish the desired result quickly and effectively, with a minimum of excitement and discomfort.

(2) The driving or conveying of the animals to the place of application of electric current shall be done with a minimum of excitement and discomfort to the animals. Delivery of calm animals to the place of application is essential to ensure rapid and effective insensibility. Among other things, this requires that, in driving animals to the place of application, electrical equipment be used as little as possible and with the lowest effective voltage.

(3) The quality and location of the electrical shock shall be such as to

produce immediate insensibility to pain in the exposed animal.

(4) The stunned animal shall remain in a state of surgical anesthesia through shackling, sticking, and bleeding.

(b) Facilities and procedures; operator(1) General requirements for operator. It is necessary that the operator of electric current application equipment be skilled, attentive, and aware of his or her responsibility.

(2) Special requirements for electric current application equipment. The ability of electric current equipment to perform with maximum efficiency is dependent on its proper design and efficient mechanical operation. Pathways, compartments, current applicators, and all other equipment used must be designed to properly accommodate the species of animals being anesthetized. Animals shall be free from pain-producing restraining devices. Injury of animals must be prevented by the elimination of sharp projections or exposed wheels or gears. There shall be no unnecessary holes, spaces or openings where feet or legs of animals may be injured. Impellers or other devices designed to mechanically move or drive animals or otherwise keep them in motion or compartmentalized shall be constructed of flexible or padded material. Power activated gates designed for constant flow of animals shall be so fabricated that they will not cause injury. All equipment used to apply and control the electrical current shall be maintained in good repair, and all indicators, instruments, and measuring devices shall be available for inspection by Program inspectors during the operation and at other times.

(3) Electric current. Each animal shall be given a sufficient application of electric current to ensure surgical anesthesia throughout the bleeding operation. Suitable timing, voltage and current control devices shall be used to ensure that each animal receives the necessary electrical charge to produce immediate unconsciousness. The current shall be applied so as to avoid the

production of hemorrhages or other tissue changes which could interfere with inspection procedures.

[44 FR 68813, Nov. 30, 1979, as amended at 50 FR 25202, June 18, 1985]

§313.50 Tagging of equipment, alley

ways, pens, or compartments to prevent inhumane slaughter or handling in connection with slaughter. When an inspector observes an incident of inhumane slaughter or handling in connection with slaughter, he/ she shall inform the establishment operator of the incident and request that the operator take the necessary steps to prevent a recurrence. If the establishment operator fails to take such action or fails to promptly provide the inspector with satisfactory assurances that such action will be taken, the inspector shall follow the procedures specified in paragraph (a), (b), or (c) of this section, as appropriate.

(a) If the cause of inhumane treatment is the result of facility deficiencies, disrepair, or equipment breakdown, the inspector shall attach a "U.S. Rejected" tag thereto. No equipment, alleyway, pen or compartment so tagged shall be used until made acceptable to the inspector. The tag shall not be removed by anyone other than an inspector. All livestock slaughtered prior to such tagging may be dressed, processed, or prepared

under inspection.

(b) If the cause of inhumane treatment is the result of establishment employee actions in the handling or moving of livestock, the inspector shall attach a "U.S. Rejected" tag to the alleyways leading to the stunning area. After the tagging of the alleyway, no more livestock shall be moved to the stunning area until the inspector receives satisfactory assurances from the establishment operator that there will not be a recurrence. The tag shall not be removed by anyone other than an inspector. All livestock slaughtered prior to the tagging may be dressed, processed, or prepared under inspection.

(c) If the cause of inhumane treatment is the result of improper stunning, the inspector shall attach a "U.S. Rejected" tag to the stunning area. Stunning procedures shall not be re

sumed until the inspector receives satisfactory assurances from the establishment operator that there will not be a recurrence. The tag shall not be removed by anyone other than an inspector. All livestock slaughtered prior to such tagging may be dressed, processed, or prepared under inspection. $313.90 [Reserved]

PART 314-HANDLING AND DISPOSAL OF CONDEMNED OR OTHER INEDIBLE PRODUCTS AT OFFICIAL ESTABLISHMENTS

Sec.

314.1 Disposition of condemned products at official establishments having tanking facilities; sealing of tanks.

314.2 Tanking and other facilities for inedible products to be separate from edible product facilities.

314.3 Disposition of condemned products at official establishments having no tanking facilities.

314.4 Suppression of odors in preparing inedible products.

314.5 Inedible rendered fats prepared at official establishments.

314.6 Inedible fats from outside official establishments.

314.7 Carcasses of livestock condemned on ante-mortem inspection not to pass through edible product areas.

314.8 Dead animal carcasses. 314.9 Specimens for educational, research, and other nonfood purposes; permits for, required.

314.10 Livers condemned because of parasitic infestation and for other causes; conditions for disposal for purposes other than human food.

314.11 Handling of certain condemned products for purposes other than human food. AUTHORITY: 21 U.S.C. 601-695; 7 CFR 2.17,

2.55.

SOURCE: 35 FR 15575, Oct. 3, 1970, unless otherwise noted.

$314.1 Disposition of condemned products at official establishments having tanking facilities; sealing of tanks.

(a) Carcasses, parts of carcasses, and other products condemned at official establishments having facilities for tanking shall, except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section or elsewhere in this part, be disposed of by tanking as follows:

(1) The lower opening of the tank shall first be sealed securely by a Program employee, except when permanently connected with a blow line; then the condemned products shall be placed in the tank in his presence, after which the upper opening shall also be sealed securely by such employee, who shall then see that the contents of the tank are subjected to sufficient heating for sufficient time to effectively destroy the contents for human food purposes.

(2) The use of equipment such as crushers or hashers for pretanking preparation of condemned products in the inedible products department has been found to give inedible character and appearance to the material. Accordingly, if condemned products are so crushed or hashed, conveying systems, rendering tanks, and other equipment used in the further handling of crushed or hashed material need not be locked or sealed during the tanking operations. If the rendering tanks or other equipment contain condemned material not so crushed or hashed, the equipment shall be sealed as prescribed in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. If the crushed or hashed material is not rendered in the establishment where produced, it shall be denatured as provided for in §314.3 before leaving such establishment.

(b) The seals of tanks shall be broken only by a Program employee and only after the contents of the tanks have been treated as provided in paragraph (a) of this section. The rendered fat derived from condemned material shall be held until a Program employee shall have had an opportunity to determine whether it conforms with the requirements of this section. Samples shall be taken by Program employees as often as is necessary to determine whether the rendered fat is effectually denatured.

(c) Carcasses of animals condemned under $309.3 of this subchapter may be disposed of as provided in §314.3, in lieu of tanking, with the approval of the inspector.

§314.2 Tanking and other facilities for

inedible products to be separate from edible product facilities.

All tanks and equipment used for rendering, otherwise preparing, or stor

ing inedible products must be in rooms or compartments separate from those used for preparing or storing edible products. There may be a connection between rooms or compartments containing inedible products and those containing edible products as long as it does not cause the adulteration of edible product or create insanitary conditions.

[64 FR 56416, Oct. 20, 1999]

EFFECTIVE DATE NOTE: At 64 FR 56416, Oct. 20, 1999 §314.2 was revised, effective Jan. 25, 2000. For the convenience of the user, the superseded text is set forth as follows:

§314.2 Tanking and other facilities for inedible products to be separate from edible product facilities.

All tanks and equipment used for rendering, otherwise preparing, or storing inedible products shall be in rooms or compartments separate from those used for preparing or storing edible products. There shall be no connection between rooms or compartments containing inedible products and those containing edible products, except that there may be one connecting doorway between the slaughtering or viscera separating department and the tank charging room of the inedible products rendering department. Pipes and chutes installed in accordance with such arrangements as are permitted by part 308 of this subchapter, or as may be approved by the Administrator in specific cases, may be used to convey inedible and condemned material from edible product departments to inedible product departments.

$314.3 Disposition of condemned products at official establishments having no tanking facilities.

(a) Carcasses, parts of carcasses, and other products condemned at an official establishment which has no facilities for tanking shall, except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section or elsewhere in this part, be destroyed in the presence of an inspector by incineration, or denatured with crude carbolic acid, or cresylic disinfectant, or a formula consisting of one part FD&C No. 3 green coloring, 40 parts water, 40 parts liquid detergent, and 40 parts oil of citronella or any other proprietary material approved by the Administrator in specific cases. When such product is to be denatured, it shall be freely slashed before the denaturing agent is applied, except that, in the case of dead animals that have not been dressed, the denaturant may be

applied by injection. The denaturant must be deposited in all portions of the carcass or product to the extent necessary to preclude its use for food purposes.

(b) All carcasses and parts condemned on account of anthrax, as identified in §310.9(b) of this subchapter, at official establishments which are not equipped with tanking facilities shall be disposed of by (1) complete incineration, or (2) by thorough denaturing with crude carbolic acid, or cresylic disinfectant, and then disposed of in accordance with the requirements of the particular State or municipal authorities, who shall be notified immediately by the area supervisor.

§314.4 Suppression of odors in preparing inedible products.

Tanks, fertilizer driers, and other equipment used in the preparation of inedible product must be operated in a manner that will suppress odors incident to such preparation which could adulterate edible product or create insanitary conditions.

[64 FR 56416, Oct. 20, 1999]

EFFECTIVE DATE NOTE: At 64 FR 56416, Oct. 20, 1999, §314.4 was revised, effective Jan. 25, 2000. For the convenience of the user, the superseded text is set forth as follows:

$314.4 Suppression of odors in preparing inedible products.

Tanks, fertilizer driers, and other equipment used in the preparation of inedible product shall be properly equipped with condensers and other appliances which will acceptably suppress odors incident to such preparation.

§314.5 Inedible rendered fats prepared at official establishments. Except as provided in §325.11(b) of this subchapter, rendered animal fat derived from condemned or other inedible materials at official establishments shall be denatured to effectually distinguish it from an edible product, either with low grade offal during the rendering or by adding to, and mixing thoroughly with, such fat, denaturing oil, No. 2 fuel oil, or brucine dissolved in a mixture of alcohol and pine oil or oil of rosemary, and may be shipped in

commerce in accordance with § 325.11(c) of this subchapter.

[35 FR 15575, Oct. 3, 1970, as amended at 53 FR 24679, June 30, 1988]

8314.6 Inedible fats from outside official establishments.

Except as provided in §325.11(b) of this subchapter, inedible fats from outside the premises of any official establishment shall not be received into an official establishment except into the tank room provided for inedible products, and then only when they have been denatured in accordance with §314.5 and are marked in accordance with §316.15 of this subchapter, and when their receipt into the tank room produces no insanitary condition on the premises; nor shall such fats be received in such volume as interferes with prompt disposal of condemned or other inedible material produced at the establishment. When received, they shall not enter any room or compartment used for edible products.

[35 FR 15575, Oct. 3, 1970, as amended at 53 FR 24679, June 30, 1988]

§314.7 Carcasses of livestock condemned on ante-mortem inspection not to pass through edible product

areas.

Carcasses of livestock which have been condemned on ante-mortem inspection shall not be taken through rooms or compartments in which an edible product is prepared, handled, or stored.

§314.8 Dead animal carcasses.

(a) With the exception of dead livestock which have died en route and are received with livestock for slaughter at an official establishment, no dead animal or part of the carcass of any livestock that died otherwise than by slaughter may be brought on the premises of an official establishment unless advance permission therefore is obtained from the circuit supervisor.

(b) Under no circumstances shall the carcasses of any animal which has died otherwise than by slaughter, or any part thereof, be brought into any room or compartment in which any edible product is prepared, handled, or stored.

$314.9 Specimens for educational, research, and other nonfood purposes; permits for, required.

(a) Specimens of condemned or other inedible materials, including embryos and specimens of animal parasites, may be released for educational, research, or other nonfood purposes under permit issued by the inspector in charge: Provided, That the person desiring such specimens makes a written application to the inspector in charge for such permit on Form MP-403-10 and arranges with and receives permission from the official establishment to obtain the specimens. Permits shall be issued for a period not longer than 1 year. The permit may be revoked by the inspector in charge if the specimens are not used as stated in the application, or if the collection or handling of the specimens interferes with inspection or the maintenance of sanitary conditions in the establishment.

(b) The specimens referred to in paragraph (a) of this section shall be collected and handled only at such time and place and in such manner as not to interfere with the inspection or to cause any objectionable condition and shall be identified as inedible when they leave the establishment.

[35 FR 15575, Oct. 3, 1970, as amended at 38 FR 18665, July 13, 1973; 39 FR 36000, Oct. 7, 1974]

fected with abscesses is removed and destroyed within the establishment, and all livers are processed and denatured, with any agent prescribed in § 325.13(a)(1) or (2) or (5), and in accordance with §325.13(a)(6) of this subchapter. This provision for movement from an official establishment is made solely under the Federal Meat Inspection Act and is not intended to relieve or modify any other applicable requirements under any other law regarding the movement of such articles, for purposes other than use as human food.

(c) Livers condemned because of conditions described in paragraph (b) of this section shall be in containers plainly marked "inedible".

[41 FR 23701, June 11, 1976]

$314.11 Handling of certain condemned products for purposes other than human food.

Condemned carcasses of animals affected with one or more of the following conditions may be shipped from an official establishment only for purposes other than human food and only if permission therefor is obtained from the circuit supervisor: Anasarca, Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma (after removal of neoplastic tissue), emaciation, eosinophilic myositis, immaturity, nonseptic bruises and injuries, and sarcosporidiosis. This provision also applies to unborn calves and to products such as paunches and udders when they have not been handled as required under this subchapter for products for human food purposes; provided, such articles have not been condemned for other pathological reasons. Such permission will be granted only if all parts to be so used will be promptly handled, freely slashed and adequately identified as required by § 325.13(a)(2) of this subchapter. The slashing, identification and packing of the product shall be accomplished in an inedible product area under the supervision of an inspector. Facilities must be adequate so that the carcasses or parts saved under these provisions are not contaminated with pus, manure, septic, or toxic materials, or similar substances. The operation must not result