Battling Resistance to Antibiotics and Pesticides: An Economic ApproachRamanan Laxminarayan Resources for the Future, 2003 - 377 pages The increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics, and pests to pesticides, threatens to undo some of the most remarkable advances made in public health and agriculture during the past century. Though the potential consequences of increased antibiotic and pesticide resistance are far reaching, regulatory efforts to address the problem are at a very early stage. Battling Resistance to Antibiotics and Pesticides moves such discussions forward by presenting cutting edge research and the first comprehensive application of economic tools to analyze how antibiotics and pesticides should be used to maximize their value to society. Laxminarayan and his contributors explore lessons from past experiences with resistance, especially in agriculture. They consider what incentives would be ideal for the individuals who prescribe or apply antibiotics and pesticides, and what would be ideal for the firms engaged in developing and producing these products. The chapters in this groundbreaking book reflect the fact that efforts to combat resistance will require contributions from a broad range of scholars and professionals, representing a broad range of expertise. The analysis demonstrates that, for all these participants, an understanding of economic issues is an essential complement to knowledge of medical or biological factors. The book provides economists with an overview of relevant scientific issues, as well as a variety of analytical approaches to studying the economics of resistance. It offers policymakers detailed analyses of the multiple dimensions of resistance and discusses the future strategies to combat and manage resistance. For professionals in medicine, public health, and agriculture, the book translates the economic approaches into usable guidance for daily practice and decisionmaking. |
Contents
Ecological versus Interventionist | 17 |
Using Antibiotics When Resistance Is Renewable | 42 |
Value of Treatment Heterogeneity for Infectious Diseases | 63 |
To Take or Not To Take the Antibiotic? | 76 |
Pest Mobility Market Share and the Efficacy of Refuge Requirements | 94 |
Need for Direct Collaboration between Economists | 113 |
The Impact of Resistance on Antibiotic Demand in Patients | 119 |
Measuring the Cost of Resistance | 134 |
The Role of Ecosystem Complexity in Genetically | 158 |
Can We Justify Resistance Management Strategies | 180 |
Economics of Transgenic Crops and Pest Resistance | 238 |
Does the Monopolist Care about Resistance? | 288 |
Industrial Organization and Institutional Considerations | 330 |
Strategic Issues in Agricultural Pest Resistance Management | 357 |
About the Editor 377 | |
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Battling Resistance to Antibiotics and Pesticides: An Economic Approach Ramanan Laxminarayan No preview available - 2003 |
Common terms and phrases
additional net benefits allocation analysis ance antibiotic resistance application assume assumption atrazine Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria biological innovation biotechnology biotechnology sector Bt corn Bt crops Bt fields chapter chemical corn borers costs of resistance crop protection crop rotation damage decision decisionmaking discount rate disease drug dynamics effect Environmental Equation estimate European corn borer externality factor farm farmers Figure firms fitness cost framework function geometric Brownian motion GMOs incentives increase individual industry infection input investment irreversible costs Journal of Agricultural marginal cost market penetration ment monopolist monopoly nomics optimal parameters patent-based pathogens patients pest control pest management pest population pest resistance pesticide resistance physicians Pigovian tax plant precautionary principle present value production real option reduce refuge areas release transgenic crops resistance buildup resistance management resource Resource Economics risk seeds simulation social planner solution stochastic strain strategy susceptible tion treated treatment uncertainty variables Zilberman